📚 Year 7 Edexcel Drama: A Quick Guide to Key Vocabulary and Terminology | Edexcel 戏剧 7 年级：关键词汇术语速记指南
Building a strong foundation in drama requires a confident command of subject-specific language. This guide brings together the essential vocabulary and terminology that Year 7 students following the Edexcel Drama curriculum will encounter in lessons, rehearsals, and assessments. Use it to revise, quiz yourself, and deepen your understanding of how theatre is created, performed, and evaluated.
在戏剧学习中打下坚实基础，需要熟练掌握学科特有的语言。本指南汇集了 Edexcel 戏剧 7 年级课程的学生在课堂、排练和评估中会遇到的核心词汇与术语。你可以用它来复习、自测，并加深对戏剧创作、表演和评价方式的理解。
1. What is Drama? | 什么是戏剧？
Drama is a form of storytelling brought to life by performers who use voice, movement, and expression in front of an audience. It communicates ideas, emotions, and narratives through live action, often combining dialogue, music, and visual design. In the Edexcel Year 7 course, you will explore drama both as a creative process and as a finished performance, learning how each element contributes to its overall meaning.
戏剧是一种在观众面前由表演者运用声音、动作和表情进行叙事的艺术形式。它通过现场行动传达思想、情感和故事，常常融合对白、音乐和视觉设计。在 Edexcel 7 年级课程中，你将探索戏剧既是一个创作过程，也是一场完整的演出，并学习每个元素如何共同构建戏剧的整体意义。
2. The Elements of Drama | 戏剧的构成要素
All dramatic work is built from a set of core ingredients. Aristotle identified the first six: plot, character, thought, diction, music, and spectacle. In today’s classroom we also focus on elements such as conflict, tension, space, time, and mood. Recognising these elements helps you analyse how a performance affects an audience.
所有戏剧作品都由一系列核心要素构成。亚里士多德最早提出了六大要素：情节、人物、思想、语言、音乐和景观。在今天的课堂上，我们还会关注冲突、张力、空间、时间和氛围等要素。学会识别这些要素，有助于你分析一场演出如何影响观众。
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Plot: the sequence of events that make up the story.
情节：构成故事的一系列事件。
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Character: the person, animal, or being portrayed by an actor.
人物：由演员扮演的人、动物或其他生物。
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Thought: the themes, messages, and ideas behind the drama.
思想：戏剧背后的主题、信息和观点。
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Diction: the choice and delivery of words and dialogue.
语言：词语和对白的选择与表达。
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Music: any sound, rhythm, or melody used, including vocal music and sound effects.
音乐：所使用的任何声音、节奏或旋律，包括声乐和音效。
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Spectacle: the visual aspects such as set, costume, lighting, and props.
景观：布景、服装、灯光和道具等视觉元素。
3. Stage Geography: Directions and Areas | 舞台方位：方向与区域
Stage directions are always given from the actor’s point of view when facing the audience. This means stage left is the actor’s left, and stage right is the actor’s right. Upstage is towards the back of the stage, away from the audience, while downstage is closest to the audience. Knowing these terms is essential for blocking and movement.
舞台指示总是以演员面对观众时的视角为准。也就是说，舞台左方是演员的左手边，舞台右方是演员的右手边。舞台后方是离观众最远的位置，而舞台前方则最靠近观众。掌握这些术语对于舞台走位和移动至关重要。
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Downstage: the part of the stage nearest to the audience.
舞台前方：离观众最近的舞台区域。
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Upstage: the part of the stage furthest from the audience.
舞台后方：离观众最远的舞台区域。
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Stage Left: the performer’s left-hand side when facing the audience.
舞台左：演员面向观众时的左手边。
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Stage Right: the performer’s right-hand side when facing the audience.
舞台右：演员面向观众时的右手边。
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Centre Stage: the middle area of the acting space.
舞台中央：表演区域的中心位置。
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Proscenium Arch: a frame through which the audience views the performance, typical of traditional theatres.
镜框式舞台：观众通过一个框架观看演出的舞台形式，常见于传统剧院。
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Thrust Stage: a stage that extends into the audience, with seating on three sides.
伸出式舞台：舞台延伸至观众席中，三面都有观众。
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In the Round: a performance space surrounded by audience on all sides.
环形舞台：被观众四面环绕的表演空间。
4. Vocal Skills: Using Your Voice | 声音技能：运用你的嗓音
Your voice is one of the most powerful tools in drama. By controlling pitch, pace, volume, tone, and clarity, you can communicate a character’s age, status, emotion, and intention. Edexcel assessments often ask you to describe how vocal choices create meaning in performance.
你的声音是戏剧中最有力的工具之一。通过控制音高、语速、音量、语气和清晰度，你可以表现角色的年龄、身份、情感和意图。Edexcel 评估常要求你描述声音的选择如何在表演中创造意义。
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Pitch: how high or low the voice sounds. A higher pitch can suggest excitement or fear, while a lower pitch can convey authority or sadness.
音高：声音的高低程度。较高的音高可以表现兴奋或恐惧，较低的音高则能传达威严或悲伤。
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Pace: the speed at which you speak. A fast pace can indicate urgency or panic, a slow pace can show calmness or seriousness.
语速：说话的速度。快速的语速能表现急切或恐慌，缓慢的语速则能体现平静或严肃。
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Volume: how loud or quiet the voice is. Projection allows the audience to hear you, while a whisper can create intimacy or secrecy.
音量：声音的大小。投射使观众能听清你的台词，而耳语则能营造亲密或隐秘的氛围。
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Tone: the emotional quality of the voice, such as warm, sarcastic, anxious, or cheerful.
语气：声音中的情感色彩，如温暖、讽刺、焦虑或欢快。
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Clarity: how clearly words are pronounced. Clear diction ensures the audience understands every line.
清晰度：吐字发音的清晰程度。清晰的吐字能确保观众听懂每一句台词。
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Pause: a deliberate break in speech used to build tension, show hesitation, or emphasise a point.
停顿：在台词中有意的停顿，用于制造紧张感、表现迟疑或强调重点。
5. Physical Skills: Body and Movement | 形体技能：身体与动作
An actor’s physicality – including gesture, posture, facial expression, and use of space – is just as expressive as spoken language. Through precise movement and stillness, performers reveal character traits, relationships, and subtext. You should be able to name and justify specific physical choices when evaluating your own work and that of others.
演员的形体表现——包括手势、姿态、面部表情和对空间的运用——与口语表达同样富有表现力。通过精准的动作和静止，表演者可以展现性格特征、人物关系和潜台词。在评价自己和他人的作品时，你需要能说出具体的形体选择并说明理由。
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Gesture: a movement of the hand, arm, or head that communicates meaning, such as pointing or waving.
手势：手、手臂或头部的动作，用来传达意义，如指向或挥手。
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Posture: how the body is held. An upright posture can suggest confidence, while a slumped posture may indicate tiredness or low status.
姿态：身体的整体姿势。笔直的身姿可表现自信，耷拉的身姿则可能暗示疲惫或地位卑微。
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Facial Expression: the use of the face to show emotion, from a raised eyebrow to a wide smile.
面部表情：运用面部来展现情感，从挑眉到咧嘴微笑。
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Body Language: the combination of posture, gesture, and movement that reveals a character’s inner state.
肢体语言：姿态、手势和动作的结合，能揭示角色的内心世界。
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Levels: the height at which a performer positions themselves – standing, sitting, kneeling, or lying down – to show power or relationships.
高度层次：表演者所处的高度位置——站立、坐着、跪下或躺下——用以表现权力或人物关系。
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Eye Contact: where a performer looks; direct eye contact can engage the audience or another character, while avoiding eye contact may signal fear or dishonesty.
眼神接触：表演者的视线方向；直接的眼神交流可以吸引观众或另一个角色，而回避眼神接触可能表示恐惧或不诚实。
6. Character and Role-Play Techniques | 角色与扮演技巧
Developing a believable character requires more than just learning lines. Year 7 students explore a range of rehearsal techniques that help them build a backstory, understand motivation, and respond truthfully in the moment. These strategies are often used during warm-ups and devising sessions.
塑造一个可信的角色，远不止背台词那么简单。7 年级的学生将探索一系列排练技巧，帮助自己构建角色背景、理解动机，并在当下做出真实的反应。这些策略常用于热身和即兴创作环节。
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Hot Seating: a character is questioned by the group while staying in role, helping to deepen understanding of thoughts and feelings.
热座提问：角色保持入戏状态，由小组其他成员提问，有助于深入理解角色的想法和感受。
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Role on the Wall: an outline of a character is drawn on paper, and the group writes internal thoughts inside the figure and external perceptions outside it.
角色之墙：在纸上画出角色轮廓，小组在轮廓内部写下内心想法，在外部写下他人的看法。
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Thought Tracking: the action freezes and a character speaks their inner thoughts aloud to the audience.
内心独白追踪：动作定格，一个角色大声向观众说出自己的内心想法。
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Still Image / Freeze Frame: performers create a frozen picture with their bodies to capture a key moment, emotion, or idea.
定格画面：表演者用身体创造一个固定不动的画面，以捕捉关键时刻、情感或想法。
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Marking the Moment: highlighting a significant moment in a scene, often by slowing down, using a freeze frame, or adding a spotlight effect.
突出关键时刻：通过放慢动作、使用定格或聚光灯效果，突出场景中的重要瞬间。
7. Devising and Improvisation | 创作与即兴表演
Devising is the process of creating original drama from a stimulus, such as a piece of music, a photograph, or a poem, without starting from a pre-written script. Improvisation is the spontaneous creation of dialogue and action, often used to generate ideas during the devising process. Both skills encourage creativity, collaboration, and quick thinking.
创作是指从一个刺激物（如一段音乐、一张照片或一首诗）出发创造原创戏剧的过程，而不是从现成的剧本开始。即兴表演是自发地生成对白和动作，常用于创作过程中激发灵感。这两项技能都鼓励创造力、合作精神和快速思考。
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Stimulus: any starting point that inspires dramatic work – a text, image, sound, memory, or object.
刺激物：任何能激发戏剧创作的起点——一段文字、一幅图像、一种声音、一段记忆或一件物品。
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Improvisation: acting without a script, making up dialogue and action in the moment, while staying true to the character and situation.
即兴表演：在没有剧本的情况下表演，当场编创对白和动作，同时保持角色和情境的真实性。
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Devising: the collaborative process of planning, creating, and refining an original piece of drama.
创作：合作规划、创造和完善原创戏剧作品的过程。
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Tableau: another term for a still image or freeze frame, often used to present a series of linked frozen pictures that tell a story.
静态造型：定格画面的另一种说法，常用来展示一系列连续的定格图像以讲述故事。
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Cross-cutting: moving between two or more scenes that take place at different times or locations, often to show contrast or connection.
交叉剪辑：在两个或多个发生在不同时间或地点的场景之间切换，通常用来表现对比或联系。
8. The Script: Page to Stage | 剧本：从纸面到舞台
Working with a script introduces you to the conventions of written drama. A script contains dialogue, stage directions, character names, and scene divisions. Understanding how to read and interpret a script will help you make informed performance choices and support your written evaluations in Edexcel tasks.
接触剧本会让你了解书面戏剧的惯例。一部剧本包含对白、舞台指示、角色姓名和场次划分。懂得如何阅读和解读剧本，能帮助你做出明智的表演选择，并为 Edexcel 作业中的书面评价提供支持。
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Dialogue: the spoken words exchanged between characters.
对白：角色之间交流的口头语言。
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Monologue: a long speech delivered by a single character, usually revealing their private thoughts or telling a story.
独白：由一个角色独自发表的长篇讲话，通常用于揭示内心世界或讲述故事。
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Stage Directions: instructions in the script that describe movement, setting, or how a line should be delivered. They are often printed in italics or brackets.
舞台指示：剧本中描述动作、布景或台词表达方式的说明文字，通常以斜体或括号标出。
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Scene: a unit of action in a drama, usually set in one time and place.
场次：戏剧中的一个行动单元，通常设定在一个时间和地点。
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Enter/Exit: stage directions indicating when a character comes on stage or leaves.
上场/退场：表示角色何时进入或离开舞台的舞台指示。
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Subtext: the unspoken meaning beneath the dialogue – what a character really thinks or feels.
潜台词：对白之下未说出的含义——角色真正的想法或感受。
9. Key Terminology A-Z | 关键术语速查表 A-Z
Use this quick-reference table to review the most important drama terms. Try covering the definitions and testing yourself, or sort the words into categories to help your memory.
请使用这份速查表复习最重要的戏剧术语。你可以遮住定义自测，或将单词分类以帮助记忆。
| English Term | English Definition | 中文术语 | 中文定义 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Blocking | The planned movement and positioning of actors on stage. | 走位 | 演员在舞台上的移动和位置设计。 |
| Centre Stage | The middle area of the acting space, often used for important moments. | 舞台中央 | 表演空间的中心位置，常用于重要时刻。 |
| Cross-cutting | Jumping between two or more scenes to show connections or contrasts. | 交叉剪辑 | 在两个或多个场景间跳转，以展现联系或对比。 |
| Devising | Creating an original piece of drama collaboratively from a stimulus. | 创作编作 | 从一个刺激物出发，合作创作原创戏剧作品。 |
| Downstage | The part of the stage nearest to the audience. | 舞台前方 | 离观众最近的舞台部分。 |
| Facial Expression | Using the face to convey emotion, mood, or reaction. | 面部表情 | 用面部传达情感、情绪或反应。 |
| Fourth Wall | The imaginary wall between performers and audience. Breaking it means acknowledging the audience. | 第四面墙 | 表演者与观众之间的想象之墙。打破它意味着向观众直接示意。 |
| Freeze Frame | A still image created by freezing action, like a photograph. | 定格 | 通过让动作静止而形成的静态画面，就像一张照片。 |
| Gesture | A deliberate movement of a part of the body to express meaning. | 手势 | 身体某个部位的有意动作，用以表达含义。 |
| Hot Seating | Questioning a character who remains in role to explore their perspective. | 热座提问 | 对保持入戏状态的角色进行提问，以挖掘其视角。 |
| Improvisation | Creating dialogue and action spontaneously without a script. | 即兴表演 | 在没有剧本的情况下自发创造对白和动作。 |
| Levels | The height of a performer’s position – high, medium, or low – used to show status or tension. | 高度层次 | 表演者所处的高度 – 高、中、低 – 用以表现地位或张力。 |
| Marking the Moment | Emphasising a key moment in a scene using techniques like slow motion or freeze frame. | 突出关键时刻 | 使用慢动作、定格等技巧强调场景中的关键时刻。 |
| Mime | Acting without words, using only gesture, movement, and facial expression. | 哑剧 | 不使用语言，仅凭手势、动作和面部表情表演。 |
| Monologue | A lengthy speech by one character, delivered to others or alone on stage. | 独白 | 由一个角色发表的长篇讲话，可以对其他角色或独自一人。 |
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