📚 Year 7 Edexcel Engineering: Summer Preparation & Bridging Course | 七年级爱德思工程：暑期预习与衔接课程
Welcome to the Year 7 Edexcel Engineering summer preparation and bridging course. This resource is designed to help you transition smoothly into secondary school engineering by introducing key concepts, practical skills, and the design thinking mindset. Whether you have studied design technology before or are completely new to the subject, this course will build your confidence and curiosity before the term begins.
欢迎参加七年级爱德思工程暑期预习与衔接课程。本资源旨在帮助你顺利过渡到中学工程学习，通过介绍关键概念、实践技能和设计思维方式。无论你之前是否学习过设计技术，还是完全零基础，本课程都能在学期开始前建立你的信心和好奇心。
Over the summer, you will explore what engineering truly means, how engineers solve problems, and the tools and materials they use. You will also discover simple machines, basic electronics, forces in structures, sustainability, and the exciting career paths available in engineering. Each section pairs clear explanations with practical ideas you can try at home.
在暑假期间，你将探索工程的真正含义、工程师如何解决问题，以及他们使用的工具和材料。你还将了解简单机械、基础电子学、结构中的力、可持续性以及工程领域令人兴奋的职业道路。每个部分都将清晰的解释与你可以在家尝试的实践想法相结合。
1. What is Engineering? | 什么是工程？
Engineering is the creative application of science and mathematics to design, build, and improve things that solve problems. It is all around us, from the bridges we cross and the smartphones we use to the clean water systems that keep us healthy.
工程是科学和数学的创造性应用，用于设计、建造和改进解决问题的事物。它无处不在，从我们经过的桥梁、使用的智能手机，到保障我们健康的洁净水系统。
Engineers follow a process: they identify a need, research possible solutions, develop a design, build a prototype, test it, and then refine it. This iterative cycle is at the heart of every engineering project.
工程师遵循一个流程：识别需求、研究可能的解决方案、进行设计、制造原型、测试然后改进。这个迭代循环是每个工程项目的核心。
In Year 7, you will think like an engineer by working on mini challenges that develop your problem-solving, teamwork, and practical making skills.
在七年级，你将通过完成小型挑战来像工程师一样思考，培养解决问题、团队合作和实际动手制作的能力。
2. The Engineering Design Process | 工程设计流程
The engineering design process is a structured approach to solving problems. It typically begins with defining the problem and researching existing products or constraints. Engineers then brainstorm ideas and produce initial sketches.
工程设计流程是解决问题的结构化方法。通常从定义问题和研究现有产品或限制条件开始。然后工程师进行头脑风暴并画出初步草图。
Next, they select the most promising idea and develop detailed plans, often using technical drawings or CAD software. A prototype is built and tested to see how well it meets the design brief.
接下来，他们选择最有前景的想法并制定详细计划，通常使用技术图纸或计算机辅助设计（CAD）软件。制造原型并进行测试，看其满足设计要求的程度。
Evaluation is crucial; engineers analyse test results and refine their designs repeatedly. This cycle of improvement continues until the solution is ready for manufacture or implementation.
评估至关重要；工程师分析测试结果并重复改进设计。这个改进循环一直持续到解决方案准备好投入制造或实施。
3. Materials and Their Properties | 材料及其性能
Choosing the right material is vital in engineering. Materials are grouped into categories such as metals, polymers (plastics), ceramics, composites, and woods. Each has distinct mechanical and physical properties.
选择合适的材料在工程中至关重要。材料分为金属、聚合物（塑料）、陶瓷、复合材料和木材等类别。每种材料都有不同的力学和物理性能。
Key properties to consider include strength, hardness, toughness, ductility, density, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity. For example, copper is chosen for wiring because of its excellent electrical conductivity.
需要考虑的关键性能包括强度、硬度、韧性、延展性、密度、电导率和热导率。例如，铜因其优良的导电性而被选作电线材料。
Environmental factors also matter; engineers must think about corrosion resistance, recyclability, and the carbon footprint of manufacturing. You will learn to select materials based on a product’s function and working environment.
环境因素也很重要；工程师必须考虑耐腐蚀性、可回收性和制造过程中的碳足迹。你将学习根据产品的功能和工作环境来选择材料。
4. Workshop Safety and Basic Tools | 工作坊安全与基本工具
Safety is the first rule in any engineering workshop. Before using any tool or machine, you must understand the risks and wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as safety goggles, aprons, and sturdy shoes.
在任何工程工作坊中，安全都是第一准则。使用任何工具或机器之前，你必须了解风险并穿戴适当的个人防护装备，例如护目镜、围裙和结实的鞋子。
Basic hand tools you will encounter include hacksaws, files, screwdrivers, spanners, and rulers. More advanced workshops may introduce pillar drills, soldering irons, and 3D printers, always under supervision.
你将接触到的基本手动工具包括钢锯、锉刀、螺丝刀、扳手和尺子。更高级的工作坊可能会引入台钻、烙铁和3D打印机，始终在监督下使用。
Good workshop habits like keeping your workspace tidy, returning tools to their places, and reporting any damage immediately help prevent accidents. A safety mindset is an engineering skill for life.
良好的工作坊习惯，例如保持工作区域整洁、用后归还工具以及立即报告任何损坏，有助于防止事故。安全思维是终身受用的工程技能。
5. Simple Machines and Mechanisms | 简单机械与机构
Simple machines are basic mechanical devices that change the direction or magnitude of a force. The main types are levers, pulleys, inclined planes, wedges, screws, and wheels and axles. They make work easier by providing mechanical advantage.
简单机械是改变力的方向或大小的基本机械装置。主要类型有杠杆、滑轮、斜面、楔子、螺丝和轮轴。它们通过提供机械效益使工作更轻松。
For instance, a lever amplifies an input force. The principle is given by the law of moments: when a lever is balanced, the effort times its distance from the pivot equals the load times its distance.
例如，杠杆可以放大输入力。其原理由力矩定律给出：当杠杆平衡时，作用力乘以它到支点的距离等于负载乘以其距离。
Effort × Effort Arm = Load × Load Arm
作用力 × 动力臂 = 负载 × 阻力臂
Gear systems and belt drives are common mechanisms that transfer rotary motion. A small gear driving a larger gear reduces speed but increases torque, a concept you can explore with construction kits.
齿轮系统和皮带传动是传递旋转运动的常见机构。小齿轮驱动大齿轮会降低速度但增加扭矩，你可以用搭建套件探索这个概念。
6. Introduction to Basic Electronics | 基础电子学入门
Electronics is the branch of engineering dealing with circuits and components that control electric current. In Year 7, you will start with simple circuits using batteries, wires, switches, bulbs, and resistors.
电子学是处理控制电流的电路和元件的工程分支。在七年级，你将开始学习使用电池、导线、开关、灯泡和电阻器搭建简单电路。
A fundamental relationship in electronics is Ohm’s Law, which states that voltage equals current multiplied by resistance. This helps you choose the right resistor to protect an LED.
电子学中一个基本关系是欧姆定律，它表明电压等于电流乘以电阻。这帮助你选择合适的电阻器来保护发光二极管（LED）。
V = I × R
电压 = 电流 × 电阻
You will learn to draw circuit diagrams using standard symbols and to identify components like diodes, capacitors, and transistors. Practical skills include stripping wires and soldering safely.
你将学习使用标准符号绘制电路图，并识别二极管、电容器和晶体管等元件。实践技能包括安全地剥线和进行焊接。
7. Forces and Structures | 力与结构
Structures must withstand various forces such as tension, compression, bending, torsion, and shear. Understanding these forces helps engineers design bridges, towers, and frameworks that are both strong and lightweight.
结构必须承受各种力，例如张力、压力、弯曲、扭转和剪切力。理解这些力有助于工程师设计既坚固又轻便的桥梁、塔架和框架。
Triangles are the strongest shape used in structural engineering because they resist deformation when loaded. Truss bridges and cranes rely on triangulation for stability.
三角形是结构工程中使用的最坚固形状，因为它们受载时不易变形。桁架桥和起重机依靠三角形构架来获得稳定性。
You can investigate forces by building simple spaghetti or paper bridges and testing them with weights. This hands-on activity teaches you about load distribution and failure points.
你可以通过搭建简单的意大利面条或纸桥并用重物测试来研究力。这种动手活动教你关于载荷分布和破坏点的知识。
8. Sustainability and Green Engineering | 可持续性与绿色工程
Modern engineers have a responsibility to design products and systems that minimise environmental impact. This means using renewable materials, reducing waste, and improving energy efficiency.
现代工程师有责任设计对环境影响最小的产品和系统。这意味着使用可再生材料、减少废弃物和提高能源效率。
The 6 Rs of sustainability (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Refuse, Repair, Rethink) provide a framework for making better design choices. For example, designing a product so its parts can be easily separated aids recycling.
可持续性的6R原则（减少、重复使用、回收、拒绝、修理、反思）为做出更好的设计选择提供了框架。例如，设计产品时使其部件易于分离有助于回收。
Life cycle assessment (LCA) looks at a product’s environmental impact from raw material extraction to disposal. In your projects, you will be encouraged to consider the whole life of what you design.
生命周期评估（LCA）考查产品从原材料提取到废弃处理的环境影响。在你的项目中，将被鼓励考虑你所设计产品的整个生命周期。
9. Career Paths in Engineering | 工程职业路径
Engineering offers a huge variety of exciting careers. Civil engineers shape our cities, mechanical engineers design vehicles and machines, electrical engineers work on power systems and robotics, and chemical engineers create new materials and pharmaceuticals.
工程提供了种类繁多的激动人心的职业。土木工程师塑造我们的城市，机械工程师设计车辆和机器，电气工程师从事电力系统和机器人技术，化学工程师则创造新材料和药物。
Emerging fields include biomedical engineering, aerospace engineering, renewable energy engineering, and software engineering. Many engineers work in multidisciplinary teams to solve complex global challenges.
新兴领域包括生物医学工程、航空航天工程、可再生能源工程和软件工程。许多工程师在多学科团队中工作，以解决复杂的全球性挑战。
Visiting STEM events, watching engineering documentaries, and talking to professionals can inspire you. This bridging course is your first step towards discovering where your interests might lead.
参加STEM活动、观看工程纪录片以及与专业人士交谈可以给你带来启发。本衔接课程是你探索兴趣方向的第一步。
10. Summer Bridging Activities to Try at Home | 暑期可在家尝试的衔接活动
The best way to prepare for Year 7 engineering is to start exploring and making. You can build a catapult from lolly sticks and rubber bands to learn about stored energy and levers.
为七年级工程做准备的最佳方式是开始探索和动手制作。你可以用冰棍棒和橡皮筋搭建一个弹射器，学习储存能量和杠杆原理。
Try creating a simple burglar alarm circuit using a buzzer, battery, and a homemade switch made from cardboard and foil. This introduces you to series circuits and conductivity.
尝试制作一个简单的防盗报警电路，使用蜂鸣器、电池以及用纸板和铝箔自制的开关。这将为你介绍串联电路和导电性。
Keep a design journal over the summer. Sketch everyday objects that you think are well designed and note what materials they are made from and why. Also, practise measuring accurately with a ruler and reading scales.
在暑假期间坚持写设计日志。画出你认为设计精良的日常物品，记录它们由什么材料制成以及原因。还要练习用尺子精确测量和读取刻度。
Finally, take apart an old, broken gadget (with permission and safety gear) to see how components fit together. Reverse engineering is a fantastic way to understand assembly and function.
最后，在获得许可并佩戴安全装备的前提下，拆解一个旧的、损坏的小装置，看看各个部件如何组合。逆向工程是理解装配和功能的绝妙方法。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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