📚 Year 7 Edexcel Spanish: Core Knowledge Review | Year 7 Edexcel 西班牙语：核心知识点梳理
Welcome to your essential revision guide for Year 7 Edexcel Spanish. This article brings together all the must-know vocabulary, grammar rules, and sentence structures to help you feel confident and prepared. Whether you are starting to learn the basics or reviewing before an assessment, each section is designed to be clear, bite-sized and practical. We will cover greetings, numbers, the verb ‘tener’, family vocabulary, adjective agreement, food and drink phrases, school subjects, weather expressions, telling the time, and key question words. Let’s work through the core knowledge step by step.
欢迎来到 Year 7 Edexcel 西班牙语核心复习指南。本文汇总了所有必须掌握的词汇、语法规则和句型结构，帮助你建立信心、充分备考。无论你正在学习基础知识还是在评估前复习，每个小节都设计得清晰、精简且实用。我们将涵盖问候语、数字、动词 ‘tener’、家庭词汇、形容词搭配、饮食用语、学校科目、天气表达、时间表达以及关键疑问词。让我们一步步梳理核心知识点。
1. Greetings and Introductions | 问候与介绍
Learning how to greet someone and introduce yourself in Spanish is the first step to building conversation skills. You need to know both formal and informal ways to say hello and goodbye, depending on who you are talking to. In Spain, ‘tú’ is used for friends and family, while ‘usted’ is more respectful and formal.
学习用西班牙语问候和介绍自己是培养对话能力的第一步。你需要根据不同对象掌握正式与非正式的问候和告别方式。在西班牙，对朋友和家人使用 ‘tú’，而 ‘usted’ 则更加尊敬和正式。
Key phrases include ‘¡Hola!’ (Hello), ‘Buenos días’ (Good morning), ‘Buenas tardes’ (Good afternoon/evening), and ‘Buenas noches’ (Good night). To ask someone’s name, you say ‘¿Cómo te llamas?’ and reply with ‘Me llamo…’.
关键短语包括 ‘¡Hola!’（你好）、’Buenos días’（早上好）、’Buenas tardes’（下午好/晚上好）和 ‘Buenas noches’（晚安）。询问对方名字时说 ‘¿Cómo te llamas?’，回答用 ‘Me llamo…’。
For saying goodbye, you can use ‘Adiós’ (Goodbye), ‘Hasta luego’ (See you later), or ‘Hasta mañana’ (See you tomorrow). Remember to ask ‘¿Qué tal?’ or ‘¿Cómo estás?’ to check how someone is feeling, and respond with ‘Estoy bien’ (I am well), ‘Regular’ (Okay), or ‘Fatal’ (Awful).
告别时，你可以用 ‘Adiós’（再见）、’Hasta luego’（回头见）或 ‘Hasta mañana’（明天见）。记得用 ‘¿Qué tal?’ 或 ‘¿Cómo estás?’ 问候对方感受，并回答 ‘Estoy bien’（我很好）、’Regular’（一般般）或 ‘Fatal’（糟糕）。
2. Numbers 0 to 31 and Age | 数字0到31与年龄
Numbers are essential for saying your age, giving the date, and talking about quantities. In Year 7 Edexcel Spanish, you focus on the numbers from 0 to 31. The pattern after 15 is very regular, which makes it easier to learn quickly.
数字对表达年龄、日期和数量至关重要。在 Year 7 Edexcel 西班牙语中，你重点掌握0到31的数字。15之后的数字规律性很强，便于快速掌握。
The numbers 1 to 10 are: uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez. From 11 to 15 there are some unique forms: once, doce, trece, catorce, quince. From 16 to 19, they follow the pattern ‘diez + y + number’: dieciséis, diecisiete, dieciocho, diecinueve.
1到10的数字是：uno, dos, tres, cuatro, cinco, seis, siete, ocho, nueve, diez。11到15有独特形式：once, doce, trece, catorce, quince。16到19遵循 ‘diez + y + 数字’ 模式：dieciséis, diecisiete, dieciocho, diecinueve。
The numbers 20 to 29 follow ‘veinti + number’: veintiuno, veintidós, veintitrés, veinticuatro, veinticinco, veintiséis, veintisiete, veintiocho, veintinueve. The number 30 is ‘treinta’ and 31 is ‘treinta y uno’. To say your age, use the verb ‘tener’: ‘Tengo doce años’ (I am twelve years old).
20到29的数字遵循 ‘veinti + 数字’：veintiuno, veintidós, veintitrés, veinticuatro, veinticinco, veintiséis, veintisiete, veintiocho, veintinueve。30是 ‘treinta’，31是 ‘treinta y uno’。表达年龄使用动词 ‘tener’：’Tengo doce años’（我十二岁）。
3. The Verb ‘Tener’ (to have) | 动词 ‘Tener’（有）
The verb ‘tener’ is one of the most important irregular verbs in Spanish. It means ‘to have’ but is also used in many set expressions that are different from English, such as telling your age or describing sensations like hunger and thirst.
动词 ‘tener’ 是西班牙语最重要的不规则动词之一。它意为“有”，但也用于许多与英语不同的固定表达，如表达年龄或描述饥饿、口渴等感受。
The full conjugation in the present tense is: yo tengo, tú tienes, él/ella/usted tiene, nosotros/nosotras tenemos, vosotros/vosotras tenéis, ellos/ellas/ustedes tienen. The forms ‘tienes’ and ‘tiene’ show the stem-change from ‘e’ to ‘ie’, which is a key irregularity to memorise.
现在时变位完整形式为：yo tengo, tú tienes, él/ella/usted tiene, nosotros/nosotras tenemos, vosotros/vosotras tenéis, ellos/ellas/ustedes tienen。’tienes’ 和 ‘tiene’ 呈现从 ‘e’ 到 ‘ie’ 的词干变化，这是需要记牢的关键不规则点。
Apart from possession, ‘tener’ is used in phrases like ‘tener hambre’ (to be hungry), ‘tener sed’ (to be thirsty), ‘tener calor’ (to be hot), and ‘tener frío’ (to be cold). You never use ‘ser’ or ‘estar’ for these expressions. Practice by forming sentences like ‘Tengo trece años y tengo hambre’ (I am thirteen years old and I am hungry).
除了表示拥有，’tener’ 还用于短语如 ‘tener hambre’（饿了）、’tener sed’（渴了）、’tener calor’（感到热）和 ‘tener frío’（感到冷）。这些表达从不用 ‘ser’ 或 ‘estar’。通过造句练习，如 ‘Tengo trece años y tengo hambre’（我十三岁，我饿了）。
4. Family Members and Possessive Articles | 家庭成员与物主冠词
Talking about your family is a core topic in Year 7. You need to learn the nouns for family members and combine them with possessive articles like ‘mi’ (my) and ‘mis’ (my, plural). The possessive article must agree only in number, not in gender, which makes it simpler than other Spanish determiners.
谈论家庭是 Year 7 的核心话题。你需要学习家庭成员名词，并与物主冠词如 ‘mi’（我的）和 ‘mis’（我的，复数）结合使用。物主冠词只需在数量上保持一致，无需匹配性别，这比其他西班牙语限定词更简单。
Key family words include: la madre (mother), el padre (father), el hermano (brother), la hermana (sister), el abuelo (grandfather), la abuela (grandmother), el tío (uncle), la tía (aunt), el primo (male cousin), la prima (female cousin). To describe your family, you say ‘En mi familia hay…’ (In my family there is/are…).
关键家庭词汇包括：la madre（母亲）、el padre（父亲）、el hermano（兄弟）、la hermana（姐妹）、el abuelo（祖父）、la abuela（祖母）、el tío（叔伯）、la tía（姑姑姨姨）、el primo（堂/表兄弟）、la prima（堂/表姐妹）。描述家庭时说 ‘En mi familia hay…’（我家有…）。
Use ‘mi’ for one person: ‘mi madre’ (my mother), and ‘mis’ for more than one: ‘mis hermanos’ (my siblings or brothers). Remember that ‘hermanos’ can mean brothers or siblings in general. You can also give names using ‘Se llama’ (He/She is called): ‘Mi hermana se llama Ana’.
单数用 ‘mi’：’mi madre’（我的母亲），复数用 ‘mis’：’mis hermanos’（我的兄弟/兄弟姐妹）。记住 ‘hermanos’ 可指兄弟或泛称兄弟姐妹。你还可以用 ‘Se llama’（他/她叫）来给出名字：’Mi hermana se llama Ana’。
5. Adjective Agreement and Descriptions | 形容词搭配与描述
In Spanish, adjectives must agree with the noun they describe in both gender and number. This rule applies to all descriptive adjectives, and getting it right is essential for accurate writing and speaking. Most adjectives end in ‘-o’ for masculine and ‘-a’ for feminine.
在西班牙语中，形容词必须在性和数上与其修饰的名词保持一致。这条规则适用于所有描述性形容词，正确使用对书写和口语的准确性至关重要。多数形容词以 ‘-o’ 结尾为阳性，以 ‘-a’ 结尾为阴性。
For a tall boy, you say ‘un chico alto’; for a tall girl, ‘una chica alta’. To make them plural, add ‘-s’: ‘unos chicos altos’, ‘unas chicas altas’. Adjectives that end in ‘-e’ or a consonant, like ‘inteligente’ or ‘fácil’, have the same form for masculine and feminine singular, but you still add ‘-s’ or ‘-es’ for the plural: ‘chicos inteligentes’.
形容高个子男孩说 ‘un chico alto’；高个子女孩说 ‘una chica alta’。变为复数时加 ‘-s’：’unos chicos altos’，’unas chicas altas’。以 ‘-e’ 或辅音结尾的形容词，如 ‘inteligente’ 或 ‘fácil’，阳性和阴性单数形式相同，但复数仍需加 ‘-s’ 或 ‘-es’：’chicos inteligentes’。
Common descriptive adjectives include: simpático/a (nice), serio/a (serious), divertido/a (funny/fun), tímido/a (shy), pequeño/a (small), grande (big), guapo/a (handsome/pretty), feo/a (ugly). Use the verb ‘ser’ to link the subject and adjective: ‘Mi amigo es divertido y muy inteligente’ (My friend is funny and very intelligent).
常见描述形容词包括：simpático/a（友善的）、serio/a（严肃的）、divertido/a（有趣的）、tímido/a（害羞的）、pequeño/a（小的）、grande（大的）、guapo/a（英俊/漂亮的）、feo/a（丑的）。使用动词 ‘ser’ 连接主语和形容词：’Mi amigo es divertido y muy inteligente’（我的朋友很有趣且非常聪明）。
6. Definite and Indefinite Articles | 定冠词与不定冠词
Articles are small words that go before nouns, and choosing the right one depends on the gender and number of the noun. The definite articles ‘el’, ‘la’, ‘los’, ‘las’ mean ‘the’, while indefinite articles ‘un’, ‘una’, ‘unos’, ‘unas’ mean ‘a/an’ or ‘some’.
冠词是名词前的小词，选择正确的冠词取决于名词的性和数。定冠词 ‘el’、’la’、’los’、’las’ 意为“这个/这些”，而不定冠词 ‘un’、’una’、’unos’、’unas’ 意为“一个/一些”。
The definite article is used when referring to a specific item: ‘el libro’ (the book), ‘la casa’ (the house), ‘los días’ (the days), ‘las mesas’ (the tables). The indefinite article introduces something non-specific: ‘un perro’ (a dog), ‘una manzana’ (an apple), ‘unos amigos’ (some friends), ‘unas flores’ (some flowers).
定冠词用于指特定事物：’el libro’（这本书）、’la casa’（这栋房子）、’los días’（这些日子）、’las mesas’（这些桌子）。不定冠词引入非特定事物：’un perro’（一只狗）、’una manzana’（一个苹果）、’unos amigos’（一些朋友）、’unas flores’（一些花）。
Every time you learn a new noun, make a habit of learning it together with its article. This helps you remember the gender. For example, learn ‘la leche’ not just ‘leche’, and ‘el problema’ not just ‘problema’. Many nouns ending in ‘-ma’ are masculine, which is a useful pattern to notice.
每次学习新名词，养成连同冠词一起记忆的习惯。这有助于记住名词的性。例如，学习 ‘la leche’ 而不仅仅是 ‘leche’，学习 ‘el problema’ 而不仅仅是 ‘problema’。许多以 ‘-ma’ 结尾的名词是阳性，这是个值得注意的有用规律。
7. Present Tense of Regular -AR Verbs | 规则 -AR 动词的现在时
The largest group of Spanish verbs ends in ‘-ar’. Building a solid understanding of how to conjugate these regular verbs in the present tense is one of the most important grammar goals in Year 7. Once you know the pattern, you can correctly use hundreds of verbs.
西班牙语中最大的一类动词以 ‘-ar’ 结尾。扎实掌握这些规则动词的现在时变位是 Year 7 最重要的语法目标之一。一旦掌握规律，你就能正确使用数百个动词。
Take ‘hablar’ (to speak) as an example. Remove the ‘-ar’ ending and add: -o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an. This gives: yo hablo, tú hablas, él/ella/usted habla, nosotros/nosotras hablamos, vosotros/vosotras habláis, ellos/ellas/ustedes hablan.
以 ‘hablar’（说话）为例。去掉 ‘-ar’ 词尾后，分别加上：-o, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an。由此得到：yo hablo, tú hablas, él/ella/usted habla, nosotros/nosotras hablamos, vosotros/vosotras habláis, ellos/ellas/ustedes hablan。
Other essential -AR verbs include: estudiar (to study), escuchar (to listen), bailar (to dance), cantar (to sing), comprar (to buy), cocinar (to cook), descansar (to rest). Create sentences like ‘Estudio español en casa y hablo con mis amigos en la clase’ (I study Spanish at home and I speak with my friends in class).
其他关键 -AR 动词包括：estudiar（学习）、escuchar（听）、bailar（跳舞）、cantar（唱歌）、comprar（买）、cocinar（烹饪）、descansar（休息）。造句如 ‘Estudio español en casa y hablo con mis amigos en la clase’（我在家学习西班牙语，在课堂上和朋友们交谈）。
8. Food, Drink and the Verb ‘Comer’ / ‘Beber’ | 饮食与动词 ‘Comer’ / ‘Beber’
Food and drink vocabulary is a favourite topic for Year 7 students. You need to name common items and express what you eat and drink using regular -ER verbs ‘comer’ (to eat) and ‘beber’ (to drink). These two verbs follow the same pattern, which makes them easy to conjugate together.
饮食词汇是 Year 7 学生最喜爱的话题。你需要说出常见饮食的名称，并使用规则 -ER 动词 ‘comer’（吃）和 ‘beber’（喝）表达吃什么、喝什么。这两个动词遵循相同规律，便于同时变位。
The conjugation for ‘comer’ is: yo como, tú comes, él/ella/usted come, nosotros/nosotras comemos, vosotros/vosotras coméis, ellos/ellas/ustedes comen. For ‘beber’: yo bebo, tú bebes, él bebe, nosotros bebemos, vosotros bebéis, ellos beben. Notice the endings: -o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en.
‘comer’ 的变位是：yo como, tú comes, él/ella/usted come, nosotros/nosotras comemos, vosotros/vosotras coméis, ellos/ellas/ustedes comen。’beber’ 的变位是：yo bebo, tú bebes, él bebe, nosotros bebemos, vosotros bebéis, ellos beben。注意词尾：-o, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en。
Key vocabulary includes: la fruta (fruit), la manzana (apple), el plátano (banana), el pan (bread), el queso (cheese), el jamón (ham), la ensalada (salad), el agua (water, feminine noun despite ‘el’), el zumo (juice), la leche (milk), el refresco (fizzy drink). Use ‘Como una manzana y bebo agua’ (I eat an apple and I drink water) to combine both verbs.
关键词汇包括：la fruta（水果）、la manzana（苹果）、el plátano（香蕉）、el pan（面包）、el queso（奶酪）、el jamón（火腿）、la ensalada（沙拉）、el agua（水，阴性名词但用 ‘el’）、el zumo（果汁）、la leche（牛奶）、el refresco（汽水）。结合两个动词造句：’Como una manzana y bebo agua’（我吃一个苹果并且喝水）。
9. School Subjects and Expressing Opinions | 学校科目与表达观点
Being able to talk about your school timetable and give opinions on subjects is a key skill. You need to learn the names of school subjects and combine them with opinion phrases using ‘gustar’ or adjectives like ‘interesante’ and ‘aburrido’. Remember that subjects are nouns and require the correct article.
能够谈论学校课程表并表达对科目的看法是一项关键技能。你需要学习学校科目的名称，并结合 ‘gustar’ 或 ‘interesante’、’aburrido’ 等形容词表达观点。记住科目是名词，需要搭配正确的冠词。
Core subjects include: el español (Spanish), el inglés (English), las matemáticas (maths), las ciencias (science), la historia (history), la geografía (geography), la educación física (PE), la música (music), la informática (ICT), el arte (art). To say ‘I study…’ use ‘Estudio…’.
核心科目包括：el español（西班牙语）、el inglés（英语）、las matemáticas（数学）、las ciencias（科学）、la historia（历史）、la geografía（地理）、la educación física（体育）、la música（音乐）、la informática（信息与通信技术）、el arte（艺术）。说“我学习…”用 ‘Estudio…’。
Give simple opinions with ‘Me gusta’ (I like) or ‘No me gusta’ (I don’t like). Add adjectives to be more detailed: ‘Me gusta la historia porque es interesante. No me gusta la educación física porque es difícil.’ (I like history because it is interesting. I don’t like PE because it is difficult). Other opinion phrases include ‘Odio’ (I hate) and ‘Me encanta’ (I love).
用 ‘Me gusta’（我喜欢）或 ‘No me gusta’（我不喜欢）表达简单观点。加上形容词使表达更细致：’Me gusta la historia porque es interesante. No me gusta la educación física porque es difícil.’（我喜欢历史，因为它有趣。我不喜欢体育，因为它难）。其他观点用语包括 ‘Odio’（我讨厌）和 ‘Me encanta’（我超喜欢）。
10. Weather Expressions with ‘Hace’ and ‘Está’ | 使用 ‘Hace’ 和 ‘Está’ 表达天气
Describing the weather is a daily conversation skill that uses a small set of fixed phrases. In Year 7, you focus on the structures with ‘hace’, ‘está’, and ‘hay’. These phrases do not translate word-for-word from English, so they need to be memorised as chunks.
描述天气是一项日常会话技能，使用一组有限的固定短语。在 Year 7，你重点学习 ‘hace’、’está’ 和 ‘hay’ 的结构。这些短语不能从英语逐字翻译，需要作为整体语块记忆。
Use ‘hace’ + noun for general weather conditions: ‘Hace sol’ (It is sunny), ‘Hace calor’ (It is hot), ‘Hace frío’ (It is cold), ‘Hace viento’ (It is windy), ‘Hace buen tiempo’ (It is good weather), ‘Hace mal tiempo’ (It is bad weather).
使用 ‘hace’ + 名词描述一般天气状况：’Hace sol’（晴天）、’Hace calor’（热）、’Hace frío’（冷）、’Hace viento’（有风）、’Hace buen tiempo’（天气好）、’Hace mal tiempo’（天气差）。
Use ‘está’ + adjective/gerund for ongoing conditions: ‘Está nublado’ (It is cloudy), ‘Está lloviendo’ (It is raining), ‘Está nevando’ (It is snowing). Use ‘hay’ + noun: ‘Hay niebla’ (It is foggy), ‘Hay tormenta’ (There is a storm). Practice with a weather report: ‘En invierno hace frío y a veces nieva. En verano hace sol y calor.’ (In winter it is cold and sometimes it snows. In summer it is sunny and hot).
使用 ‘está’ + 形容词/副动词描述正在发生的天气：’Está nublado’（多云）、’Está lloviendo’（正在下雨）、’Está nevando’（正在下雪）。使用 ‘hay’ + 名词：’Hay niebla’（有雾）、’Hay tormenta’（有暴风雨）。用天气预报练习：’En invierno hace frío y a veces nieva. En verano hace sol y calor.’（冬天很冷，有时下雪。夏天阳光明媚且炎热）。
11. Telling the Time | 说时间
Telling the time in Spanish uses the verb ‘ser’ in the form ‘es’ for 1:00 and ‘son’ for all other hours. You need to learn the phrases for o’clock, half past, quarter past and quarter to, as well as how to add minutes. Time is a practical topic that appears in the Edexcel specification for describing daily routines and school timetables.
用西班牙语说时间时，动词 ‘ser’ 在1点时用 ‘es’，其他整点用 ‘son’。你需要学习整点、半点、一刻和差一刻的说法，以及如何加上分钟。时间是一个实用话题，在 Edexcel 考纲中用于描述日常安排和学校时间表。
The structure is: ‘Es la una’ (It is one o’clock). For 2 to 12: ‘Son las dos/tres/cuatro…’ (It is two/three/four… o’clock). To add minutes, use ‘y’ (and): ‘Son las tres y diez’ (It is ten past three). For the half hour: ‘Son las cinco y media’ (It is half past five). For quarter past: ‘Son las siete y cuarto’ (It is quarter past seven).
结构为：’Es la una’（现在一点整）。2点到12点：’Son las dos/tres/cuatro…’（现在两点/三点/四点…整）。加分钟用 ‘y’（和）：’Son las tres y diez’（现在是三点十分）。半点表达：’Son las cinco y media’（现在是五点半）。一刻表达：’Son las siete y cuarto’（现在是七点一刻）。
For minutes to the hour, use ‘menos’ (less): ‘Son las dos menos cinco’ (It is five to two). For quarter to: ‘Son las nueve menos cuarto’ (It is quarter to nine). Always use the feminine article ‘las’ except for ‘la una’. Ask ‘¿Qué hora es?’ (What time is it?) to get the time in response.
差几分钟到整点用 ‘menos’（减去）：’Son las dos menos cinco’（现在是两点差五分）。差一刻表达：’Son las nueve menos cuarto’（现在是九点差一刻）。除 ‘la una’ 外，始终用阴性冠词 ‘las’。询问时间说 ‘¿Qué hora es?’（现在几点了？）。
12. Key Question Words and Forming Questions | 关键疑问词与提问
Forming questions correctly allows you to gather information and keep a conversation going. Spanish question words always carry an accent, which distinguishes them from relative pronouns. The main question words should be used at the start of a question and followed by the verb.
正确提问能让你获取信息，维持对话进行。西班牙语疑问词始终带有重音符号，以此区别于关系代词。主要疑问词应置于问句开头，其后跟动词。
The essential question words are: ¿Qué? (What?), ¿Cómo? (How?), ¿Dónde? (Where?), ¿Cuándo? (When?), ¿Quién?/¿Quiénes? (Who? singular/plural), ¿Por qué? (Why?), ¿Cuál?/¿Cuáles? (Which? singular/plural), ¿Cuánto?/¿Cuántos? (How much?/How many?). Remember that ‘por qué’ (why, two words) and ‘porque’ (because, one word) are different.
关键疑问词有：¿Qué?（什么？）、¿Cómo?（如何？）、¿Dónde?（哪里？）、¿Cuándo?（何时？）、¿Quién?/¿Quiénes?（谁？单数/复数）、¿Por qué?（为什么？）、¿Cuál?/¿Cuáles?（哪个/哪些？单数/复数）、¿Cuánto?/¿Cuántos?（多少？/多少个？）。牢记 ‘por qué’（为什么，两个词）与 ‘porque’（因为，一个词）不同。
Examples in context: ‘¿Cómo te llamas?’ (What is your name?), ‘¿Dónde vives?’ (Where do you live?), ‘¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?’ (When is your birthday?), ‘¿Cuántos años tienes?’ (How old are you?), ‘¿Quién es tu profesor?’ (Who is your teacher?). Yes/no questions can be formed by changing the intonation: ‘¿Tienes hermanos?’ (Do you have siblings?) without needing a question word.
语境例句：’¿Cómo te llamas?’（你叫什么名字？）、’¿Dónde vives?’（你住在哪里？）、’¿Cuándo es tu cumpleaños?’（你的生日是什么时候？）、’¿Cuántos años tienes?’（你几岁了？）、’¿Quién es tu profesor?’（你的老师是谁？）。是非问句可通过改变语调构成：’¿Tienes hermanos?’（你有兄弟姐妹吗？）无需使用疑问词。
Published by TutorHao | Spanish Revision Series | aleveler.com
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