Year 7 OCR Media: Key Terms Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 OCR 媒体：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 OCR Media: Key Terms Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 OCR 媒体：词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to your first steps into the world of Media Studies! This guide is designed to help you quickly learn and remember the essential terms you will encounter in Year 7 OCR Media. Understanding these keywords is like learning the alphabet before you can read a story – they are the building blocks for analysing films, TV shows, advertisements, magazines, and online content. Each term is explained with simple definitions, examples you can spot every day, and a little memory trick to make it stick. Let’s turn you into a confident media detective.

欢迎来到媒体研究的世界！本指南旨在帮助你快速学习并记住在 Year 7 OCR 媒体课程中会遇到的基础术语。理解这些关键词就像在学习阅读故事之前先学字母——它们是分析电影、电视节目、广告、杂志和网络内容的基石。每个术语都配有简单的定义、你在日常生活中就能发现的例子，以及一个让它更容易记住的小窍门。让我们一起把你变成自信的媒体小侦探吧。

1. Media | 媒体

The word ‘media’ simply means methods of communication that reach many people at once. Think of it as the bridge that carries messages from a producer to a large audience. Common forms of media include television, radio, newspapers, magazines, websites, social media apps, and video games.

“媒体”这个词就是指能够同时向很多人传播信息的方法。可以把它想象成一座桥，将信息从制作者那里传递给广大受众。常见的媒体形式包括电视、广播、报纸、杂志、网站、社交媒体应用和电子游戏。

Memory trick: Remember the word ‘medium’ means middle, so media is in the middle between a creator and the consumer. Say to yourself: ‘Media in the middle’.

记忆窍门：记住“媒介”这个词本身就意味着中间，所以媒体就是处于创作者和消费者之间的“中间人”。你可以对自己说：“媒体，媒介，中间人”。

2. Genre | 类型

Genre is a way of grouping media texts that share similar features. Just like in a library, books are sorted into horror, romance, or adventure, media texts are sorted into genres such as comedy, news, sci-fi, fantasy, or documentary. Genres follow certain rules, called conventions, which help audiences know what to expect.

类型是一种将具有相似特征的媒体文本进行分组的方式。就像在图书馆里，书籍被分为恐怖、爱情或冒险类一样，媒体文本也被分为喜剧、新闻、科幻、奇幻或纪录片等类型。每一种类型都遵循着某些规则，我们称之为惯例，这能帮助观众知道应该期待什么。

Memory trick: Think of a music playlist – you wouldn’t mix a lullaby with heavy metal. Genre sorts the ‘vibe’. Link the word ‘genre’ to ‘general feeling’.

记忆窍门：想想音乐播放列表——你不会把摇篮曲和重金属音乐混在一起。类型就是用来区分“氛围”的。可以把“类型”（genre）和“一般感觉”（general feeling）联系起来。

3. Audience | 受众

The audience is the group of people a media text is aimed at. Media producers work hard to understand their audience’s age, interests, and lifestyle. A cartoon might target children, while a financial podcast targets adults interested in money. Audiences are not passive – they respond to and make sense of media in their own ways.

受众是指媒体文本所针对的群体。媒体制作者会努力去了解受众的年龄、兴趣和生活方式。一部卡通片可能针对儿童，而一档金融播客则面向对金钱感兴趣的成年人。受众并不是被动的——他们会以自己的方式对媒体做出反应并理解其中的含义。

Memory trick: Remember ‘audio’ means hearing, so the ‘audience’ is the group that hears or sees your message. Just like a concert audience.

记忆窍门：记住“audio”是听觉的意思，所以“audience”（受众）就是指听到或看到你传达的信息的群体。就像音乐会上的观众一样。

4. Representation | 再现

Representation is how media texts show people, places, events, or ideas. It is not a mirror that reflects reality perfectly, but a careful construction. A news report about a teenager might represent them as a troublemaker or a hero depending on the story’s angle. Media representations can shape how we see the world.

再现是指媒体文本如何呈现人物、地点、事件或想法。它不是一面完美反映现实的镜子，而是一种精心构建。一篇关于青少年的新闻报道，根据叙述角度的不同，可能会将他们再现为麻烦制造者或英雄。媒体的再现可以塑造我们看待世界的方式。

Memory trick: Break it down: ‘re-presentation’ means to present something again. The media re-presents a version of reality to you.

记忆窍门：把这个词拆开来看：“re-presentation”就意味着把某样东西重新呈现一遍。媒体是把现实的一个版本重新展示给你。

5. Narrative | 叙事

Narrative simply means story. Every media text, from a 30-second advert to a feature film, has a narrative structure with a beginning, middle, and end. Narratives often follow patterns – a hero goes on a quest, faces a problem, and solves it. Understanding narrative helps you figure out why certain events are shown in a particular order.

叙事简单来说就是指故事。每一个媒体文本，从一个30秒的广告到一部故事长片，都有一个包含开头、中间和结尾的叙事结构。叙事通常会遵循一定的模式——一个英雄踏上征程，面临问题，然后解决问题。理解叙事能帮助你弄清楚为什么某些事件会以特定的顺序呈现。

Memory trick: Narrative sounds like ‘narration’, which is the voice that tells you the story. Remember that every media text has a hidden narrator shaping the tale.

记忆窍门：Narrative（叙事）和 narration（旁白）听起来很像，旁白就是给你讲故事的那个声音。记住每一个媒体文本都有一个看不见的叙述者在塑造故事。

6. Denotation and Connotation | 明示义与隐含义

Denotation is what you literally see or hear – the basic description. For example, a red rose in an image is simply a flower with red petals. Connotation is the deeper meaning or feeling attached to it – that red rose might connote love, romance, or passion. Media analysts always look at both layers.

明示义就是你实际看到的或听到的内容——也就是基本描述。例如，图片中的一朵红玫瑰，就只是一朵长着红色花瓣的花。隐含义则是与之相关的更深层次的含义或感受——那朵红玫瑰可能隐含着爱、浪漫或激情。媒体分析师总是会同时关注这两个层面。

Memory trick: D = Dictionary (denotation is the dictionary definition). C = Culture (connotation is the cultural meaning). Denotation is what it is, connotation is what it suggests.

记忆窍门：D 代表词典（Denotation 就是词典里的定义）。C 代表文化（Connotation 就是文化赋予的含义）。明示义问的是什么，隐含义问的是它暗示了什么。

7. Mise-en-scène | 场面调度

This French term means ‘placing on stage’ and covers everything you can see within a single frame of a film or image. It includes setting, props, costumes, lighting, colour, and the position of actors. A dark, shadowy street with flickering lights immediately creates a different feeling than a bright, sunny beach. Mise-en-scène is how a director builds the world of the story.

这个法语术语的意思是“放在场景中”，涵盖了你在电影或图像的一个画面中所能看到的一切。它包括场景布置、道具、服装、灯光、色彩以及演员的站位。一条阴暗、灯光忽明忽暗的街道，与一个阳光明媚的沙滩，会立刻营造出截然不同的感觉。场面调度就是导演如何构建故事世界的方式。

Memory trick: Imagine a director as a chef arranging ingredients on a plate. Every item on that plate (in the scene) is there for a reason – nothing is accidental.

记忆窍门：想象导演就像一位厨师在盘子中摆放食材。盘子（场景）里的每一样东西都有其存在的理由——没有什么是偶然的。

8. Camera Shots and Angles | 镜头景别与角度

Camera shots tell us how much of a subject we see. A close-up reveals emotion, while a long shot shows the whole setting. Angles also carry meaning: a low angle looking up makes a character look powerful, while a high angle looking down makes them seem weak or small. Learning to name shots like extreme close-up, mid-shot, or over-the-shoulder shot helps you discuss film language with precision.

镜头景别告诉我们看到了拍摄对象的多少部分。特写镜头揭示情感，而远景镜头则展现整个场景。角度也承载着意义：仰视的低角度让角色看起来强大，而俯视的高角度则让他们显得弱小或不起眼。学会说出像大特写、中景镜头或过肩镜头这样的景别名称，有助于你精确地讨论电影语言。

Memory trick: Link shot type to body parts: close-up = face, mid-shot = waist up, long shot = whole body. For angles, think of playing with action figures – looking up makes them taller.

记忆窍门：把景别和身体部位联系起来：特写=脸，中景=腰部以上，远景=整个身体。对于角度，想象你在玩公仔玩具——从下往上看会让他们显得更高大。

9. Editing | 剪辑

Editing is the process of selecting and joining shots together to create a finished media text. The pace of editing – whether cuts are fast or slow – controls the rhythm and excitement of a scene. An action sequence uses many quick cuts, while a calm conversation might use longer takes. Transitions like fade, dissolve, or wipe also shape how we move from one idea to the next.

剪辑是选择镜头并将它们连接在一起，以创造成品媒体文本的过程。剪辑的节奏——无论是快切还是慢切——控制着场景的韵律和兴奋感。动作场面会使用很多快速剪辑，而平静的对话则可能使用较长的镜头。淡入、叠化或划变等转场方式也塑造了我们从一个想法过渡到另一个想法的方式。

Memory trick: Editing is like cutting paper to make a collage. You choose the best pieces and place them in an order that tells the right story.

记忆窍门：剪辑就像剪纸制作拼贴画。你挑选出最好的部分，然后按照能够讲述正确故事的顺序把它们拼在一起。

10. Sound | 声音

Sound can be divided into two main types: diegetic and non-diegetic. Diegetic sound exists within the world of the film – characters can hear it, like dialogue, footsteps, or a ringing phone. Non-diegetic sound is added for the audience only – such as background music or a narrator’s voiceover. Sound creates mood, tension, and meaning.

声音可以分为两大类型：故事空间声音与非故事空间声音。故事空间声音存在于电影的世界里——角色能够听到它，比如对话、脚步声或电话铃声。非故事空间声音则只为观众添加——比如背景音乐或旁白的声音。声音能够营造情绪、紧张感和意义。

Memory trick: D for Diegetic and D for ‘in the Drama’. If a character in the drama could hear it, it’s diegetic. The epic music you hear but the hero doesn’t is non-diegetic.

记忆窍门：D 代表 Diegetic，也代表 “在戏剧中（Drama）”。如果戏剧中的角色能够听到，那它就是故事空间声音；而那种你能听到但主人公听不到的史诗配乐，就是非故事空间声音。

11. Stereotype | 刻板印象

A stereotype is a simplified, often exaggerated, representation of a group of people. For example, showing all scientists as wearing lab coats and glasses, or all teenagers as lazy. Media often uses stereotypes as shortcuts to communicate ideas quickly, but they can be unfair and harmful because they ignore individual differences and diversity within groups.

刻板印象是对某一类人群的一种被简化了、往往被夸张了的再现。例如，将所有科学家都描绘成穿着白大褂、戴着眼镜的样子，或者将所有的青少年都刻画成懒惰的形象。媒体常常将刻板印象作为一种快速传达想法的捷径，但它们可能是不公平且有害的，因为这会忽略群体内部的个体差异和多样性。

Memory trick: Think of a ‘stereotype’ as a ‘stamp’ that mindlessly makes the same print over and over. Media sometimes stamps the same old idea onto different people.

记忆窍门：把“stereotype”想象成一个“印章”（stamp），它总是不假思索地印出同样的图案。媒体有时就会把这种老旧的印象加盖在不同的人身上。

12. Media Language | 媒体语言

Media language is the toolkit of all the elements we have discussed – camera, editing, sound, mise-en-scène – which media producers combine to create meaning. Just as writers choose words, media producers make deliberate choices in visual and auditory language to influence the audience. When you analyse a text, you are really translating this media language back into ideas.

媒体语言是我们讨论过的所有元素的工具箱——摄影、剪辑、声音、场面调度——媒体制作者将这些元素组合起来以创造意义。就像作家选择词语一样，媒体制作者在视觉和听觉语言上做出有意识的选择来影响受众。当你分析一个文本时，你其实是在将这种媒体语言重新转译回思想和观点。

Memory trick: If each word you learn is a new tool, then media language is the full toolbox. The more tools you know, the better you can build your analysis.

记忆窍门：如果你学到的每个术语都是一个新工具，那么媒体语言就是那个完整的工具箱。你认识的工具越多，你的分析作品就能构建得越好。

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Published by TutorHao | Media Studies Revision Series | aleveler.com

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