📚 Year 7 OCR Physical Education: Core Knowledge Overview | Year 7 OCR 体育：核心知识点梳理
Welcome to the Year 7 OCR Physical Education revision guide. Physical Education is not just about playing sports; it develops the knowledge, skills, and understanding needed to lead a healthy, active lifestyle. This article outlines the core concepts you will cover in Year 7, from the components of fitness to the body systems that make movement possible.
欢迎阅读 Year 7 OCR 体育复习指南。体育不仅仅关于运动竞技，它还培养您过上健康、积极生活所需的知识、技能和理解。本文梳理了 Year 7 的核心概念，从体能的组成部分到使运动成为可能的身体系统。
1. Focus on Health and Fitness | 关注健康与体能
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease. Fitness is the ability to meet the demands of the environment. In Year 7, you learn that being fit is related to specific components, and a balanced approach to health includes regular exercise, good nutrition and mental well-being.
健康是一种身体、心理和社会完全幸福的状态，而不仅仅是没有疾病。体能是满足环境要求的能力。在 Year 7，您将学习到体能由特定组成部分构成，而平衡的健康方法包括定期锻炼、良好的营养和心理健康。
2. Health-Related Components of Fitness | 健康相关体能组成部分
There are five health-related components of fitness. Cardiovascular endurance is the ability of the heart, lungs and blood vessels to deliver oxygen to working muscles during sustained exercise. Good cardiovascular endurance allows you to run, swim or cycle for longer without tiring.
健康相关的体能组成部分共有五个。心血管耐力是指心脏、肺和血管在持续运动期间向工作肌肉输送氧气的能力。良好的心血管耐力能让您跑步、游泳或骑车更长时间而不感到疲劳。
Muscular endurance is the ability of a muscle or group of muscles to perform repeated contractions against a resistance. For example, doing many sit-ups or holding a plank position relies on muscular endurance.
肌肉耐力是指一块或一群肌肉反复对抗阻力收缩的能力。例如，做许多仰卧起坐或保持平板支撑姿势都需要肌肉耐力。
Muscular strength is the maximum force a muscle or muscle group can exert in a single effort. Lifting a heavy weight or pushing with maximum effort demonstrates muscular strength.
肌力是肌肉或肌群在一次最大用力中所能产生的最大力量。举起重物或以最大力量推动，展示的就是肌力。
Flexibility is the range of movement possible at a joint. Stretching exercises help maintain and improve flexibility, which reduces the risk of injury.
柔韧性是关节可能的运动范围。伸展运动有助于保持和提高柔韧性，从而降低受伤风险。
Body composition refers to the proportion of fat, muscle, bone and other tissues in the body. A healthy body composition usually means a lower percentage of body fat and a higher proportion of lean muscle mass.
身体组成是指体内脂肪、肌肉、骨骼和其他组织的比例。健康的身体组成通常意味着较低的体脂百分比和较高的瘦肌肉质量比例。
3. Skill-Related Components of Fitness | 技能相关体能组成部分
Skill-related components of fitness are essential for successful performance in sports and physical activities. Agility is the ability to change direction quickly and accurately, such as dodging opponents in netball.
技能相关体能组成部分对于体育活动和运动中表现出色至关重要。灵敏性是指快速准确地改变方向的能力，例如在无板篮球中躲避对手。
Balance is the ability to maintain the body’s centre of mass over its base of support, whether static (e.g. a headstand) or dynamic (e.g. landing from a jump).
平衡是在支撑面上保持身体重心的能力，无论是静态平衡（如头手倒立）还是动态平衡（如跳跃落地）。
Coordination is the smooth combination of senses and body parts to produce efficient movement. Catching a ball requires good hand-eye coordination.
协调性是指感官与身体各部位顺畅结合以产生高效动作。接球需要良好的手眼协调。
Power is the combination of strength and speed – the ability to exert maximum force in a short time. A sprinter exploding out of the blocks or a basketball player jumping for a rebound uses power.
爆发力是力量与速度的结合——在短时间内发挥最大力量的能力。短跑运动员起跑爆发或篮球运动员抢篮板跳起都使用了爆发力。
Reaction time is the time taken to respond to a stimulus. A goalkeeper reacting to a shot or a sprinter reacting to the starting gun relies on quick reaction time.
反应时是对刺激作出反应所需的时间。守门员对射门作出反应或短跑运动员对发令枪作出反应都依赖于快速的反应时。
Speed is the ability to move the body or body parts quickly. In running, speed refers to how fast you can cover a distance in a straight line.
速度是快速移动身体或身体部位的能力。在跑步中，速度指在直线上覆盖一段距离的速度。
4. The Skeletal System | 骨骼系统
The human skeleton is made up of over 200 bones. It provides support for the body, protects vital organs, allows movement by providing attachment points for muscles, stores minerals such as calcium, and produces blood cells in the bone marrow.
人体骨骼由 200 多块骨头组成。它支撑身体，保护重要器官，通过为肌肉提供附着点而允许运动，储存钙等矿物质，并在骨髓中产生血细胞。
Key bones you must know in Year 7 are listed below. You should be able to locate them and understand their functions.
Year 7 你必须认识的主要骨骼列在下方。你应该能够指出它们的位置并理解其功能。
| Bone (English) | 中文名称 | Function |
|---|---|---|
| Skull (Cranium) | 头骨（颅骨） | Protects the brain |
| Clavicle | 锁骨 | Connects arm to trunk |
| Scapula | 肩胛骨 | Provides shoulder joint mobility |
| Rib Cage | 肋骨笼 | 更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
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