📚 Year 7 OCR Statistics: Vocabulary Memorization Guide | Year 7 OCR 统计：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to your Year 7 statistics journey. This guide helps you master key statistical terms through simple explanations and clever memory tricks. You will use these words in every topic – from collecting data to drawing graphs and describing probability. Reading each pair of English and Chinese explanations side by side will help you remember them fast. Let’s turn tricky vocabulary into your strongest skill.
欢迎开启 Year 7 统计学习之旅。这份指南用简单的解释和巧妙的记忆法帮你掌握关键统计术语。从收集数据、绘制图表到描述概率，你都会用到这些词汇。逐一阅读每一对中英文解释能让你快速记住它们。让我们一起把难记的词汇变成你最拿手的本领。
1. Why Statistics Vocabulary Matters | 为何统计词汇重要
Statistics is the language of data. Just like you need the right words to tell a story, you need the correct vocabulary to describe data, spot patterns and answer questions accurately. In your OCR assessments, using terms like ‘range’ or ‘median’ correctly shows deeper understanding and gains more marks.
统计是数据的语言。正如讲故事需要恰当的词语，描述数据、发现规律和准确作答也需要正确的术语。在 OCR 测评中，正确使用 ‘range’ 或 ‘median’ 这样的术语能够体现你更深入的理解，从而获得更多分数。
A strong vocabulary also helps you understand exam questions better. When you read ‘primary data’ or ‘discrete variable’, you will instantly know what the question expects. Treat these terms like building blocks – once you memorise them, you can solve any statistics problem with confidence.
扎实的词汇基础还能让你更好地理解考题。一看到 ‘primary data’ 或 ‘discrete variable’，你就立刻明白题目要求什么。把这些术语想象成积木，一旦记住它们，你就能自信地解决任何统计问题。
2. Data Types: Qualitative vs Quantitative | 数据类型：定性与定量
Data is information you collect. It comes in two main types. Qualitative data describes qualities or categories – it is words, not numbers. Examples: favourite colour, hair type, car brand. Think ‘qualitative’ starts like ‘quality’, so it describes what kind.
数据是你收集的信息，主要分为两大类。定性数据描述的是性质或类别，是词语而非数字。例如：最喜欢的颜色、发质类型、汽车品牌。联想一下，’qualitative’ 来自 ‘quality’，所以它描述的是什么样的特征。
Quantitative data is about numbers and amounts. It tells you ‘how many’ or ‘how much’. Examples: height in cm, number of siblings, test marks. Remember ‘quantitative’ contains ‘quantity’ – it counts or measures something. In OCR Year 7, being able to spot this difference quickly saves you time.
定量数据涉及数字和数量，告诉你“多少”或“多高”。例如：身高（厘米）、兄弟姐妹数量、考试分数。记住 ‘quantitative’ 里有 ‘quantity’——它是在计数或测量。在 OCR Year 7 中，快速辨别这一区别能为你节省时间。
3. Discrete and Continuous Data | 离散数据与连续数据
Quantitative data splits further into discrete and continuous. Discrete data can only take certain values, usually whole numbers. You count discrete data. Examples: shoe size, number of pets, goals scored in a match. You cannot have 2.5 pets. The word ‘discrete’ sounds a bit like ‘discreet’ meaning separate – values are separate, with gaps in between.
定量数据又分为离散和连续两类。离散数据只能取特定的值，通常是整数，需要你数出来。例如：鞋码、宠物数量、比赛中进球数。你不可能有 2.5 只宠物。’discrete’ 这个词听起来有点像 ‘discreet’（分开的），数值是分开的，中间有间隔。
Continuous data can take any value within a range – you measure it. Examples: temperature, length, time taken to run 100 m. You can have 36.4 °C or 1.75 m. Remember: continuous is connected, like a continuous line on a graph. OCR questions often ask you to decide whether data is discrete or continuous, so link ‘measure’ with continuous and ‘count’ with discrete.
连续数据可以在一个范围内取任意值，需要你测量出来。例如：温度、长度、跑 100 米所用的时间。你可以有 36.4 °C 或 1.75 米。记住：连续数据是连贯的，就像图表上连绵不断的线。OCR 题目常要求你判断数据是离散还是连续，所以把“测量”与连续挂钩，把“计数”与离散挂钩。
4. Measures of Central Tendency: Mean | 集中趋势：平均数
The mean is the average you find by adding all values and dividing by the number of values. It balances a set of numbers. Mnemonic: Mean = Sum ÷ How Many. For example, scores 3, 5, 7: sum = 15, divide by 3 gives a mean of 5.
平均数（均值）是将所有数值相加后除以数值个数得到的平均值。它像一组数字的平衡点。记忆口诀：平均数 = 总和 ÷ 个数。例如，分数 3、5、7：总和为 15，除以 3 得到平均数为 5。
The mean is affected by extreme values – one very high number pulls the mean up. Think of a seesaw: if a heavy person sits on one end, the centre shifts. In OCR problems, you’ll often calculate the mean from a frequency table: multiply each value by its frequency, sum everything, then divide by total frequency.
平均数会受极端值影响——一个极大的数字会把平均数拉高。想象一个跷跷板：如果一头坐了个很重的人，中心就会偏移。在 OCR 题目中，你经常需要从频数表计算平均数：把每个数值乘以它的频数，全部相加，再除以总频数。
5. Measures of Central Tendency: Median | 集中趋势：中位数
The median is the middle value when data is ordered from smallest to largest. It splits the data set into two equal halves. Memory trick: Median = Middle. If there is an odd number of values, pick the centre one. For an even number, find the mean of the two middle values.
中位数是把数据从小到大排序后位于正中间的数值，将数据集分成个数相等的两半。记忆诀窍：中位数 = 正中间。如果有奇数个数值，就取正中间那个；偶数个时，求中间两个数的平均数。
The median is not affected by very high or very low outliers. That makes it useful for data like house prices or salaries where a few extreme values could distort the mean. OCR questions sometimes give a list and ask ‘What is the median?’ – just order and locate the centre.
中位数不受极高或极低异常值的影响，因此在房价或工资这类数据中非常有用，因为少数极端值可能会扭曲平均数。OCR 题目有时会给一个列表问你“中位数是多少？”——只需排序并找到中心即可。
6. Measures of Central Tendency: Mode | 集中趋势：众数
The mode is the value that appears most often. It is the only average that works for qualitative data as well – you can find the modal colour or modal favourite subject. Mnemonic: Mode = Most. Both start with ‘mo’. A data set can have one mode (unimodal), two modes (bimodal) or more.
众数是出现次数最多的数值。它也是唯一适用于定性数据的平均数——你可以找到众数颜色或众数最喜欢的科目。记忆法：Mode = Most，两者都以 ‘mo’ 开头。一组数据可以有一个众数（单峰）、两个众数（双峰）或更多。
In bar charts, the mode is the tallest bar. For grouped data, the modal class is the group with the highest frequency. Think of the word ‘popular’ – the mode is the most popular value. When OCR asks ‘which is the favourite?’, you are being asked for the mode.
在条形图中，众数就是最高的那条柱子。对于分组数据，众数类就是频数最高的组。想想 ‘popular’（受欢迎的）这个词——众数就是最受欢迎的值。当 OCR 问“哪一个是最喜欢的？”时，其实就是在问众数。
7. Measures of Spread: Range | 离散度量：极差
The range shows how spread out the data is. It is the difference between the largest and the smallest value. Formula: Range = Maximum − Minimum. A small range means data are closely packed; a large range means data are spread wide.
极差（范围）表示数据的分散程度，是最大值与最小值的差。公式：极差 = 最大值 − 最小值。极差小意味着数据紧密聚集；极差大意味着数据分布很广。
Range is quick to calculate but only uses two values, so it can be misleading if there is an outlier. For instance, class test scores 8, 9, 9, 10, 55 give a range of 47, but most scores are close together. Always check for unusual values. OCR often pairs range with median or mean to describe a data set fully.
极差计算起来很快，但只用到两个值，如果有异常值就可能误导结论。比如，班级测验分数为 8、9、9、10、55，极差是 47，但实际上大多数分数都很接近。记得检查异常值。OCR 常常让你把极差和中位数或平均数结合起来，完整地描述一组数据。
8. Data Collection Methods | 数据收集方法
Primary data is information you collect yourself, for your own purpose. Examples: a survey you design, an experiment you run, or measurements you take. ‘Primary’ sounds like ‘prime’ – you are the first to get the data. It is up-to-date but can take time.
初级数据（一手数据）是你为自己目的亲自收集的信息。例如：你设计的调查问卷、实施的实验或亲自测量的数据。’Primary’ 听起来像 ‘prime’——你是第一个获得数据的人。数据及时但收集可能耗时。
Secondary data is data someone else has already collected, like from the internet, books, or government reports. ‘Second’ means it comes to you secondhand. It saves time but may not perfectly fit your question. OCR exercises often ask you to identify whether a given scenario uses primary or secondary data – look for clues like ‘a student asked his classmates’ (primary) versus ‘she found a table online’ (secondary).
次级数据（二手数据）是别人已经收集好的数据，例如来自网络、书籍或政府报告。’Second’ 表示你是第二个得到它的人。使用起来省时，但可能不完全符合你的研究问题。OCR 练习常要求你判断给定情境使用的是初级还是次级数据——寻找线索，如“一个学生问他的同班同学”（初级数据），而“她从网上找到一张表格”（次级数据）。
9. Graphs and Charts: Bar Charts, Pictograms, Line Graphs, Pie Charts | 图表：条形图、象形图、折线图、饼图
Different graphs suit different data. Bar charts use bars to represent frequency. The bars have gaps between them, showing categories are separate. A pictogram uses small pictures or symbols; each symbol stands for a certain number. Always check the key.
不同的图表适合不同类型的数据。条形图用条形表示频数，条与条之间有间距，表示各分类是独立的。象形图使用小图片或符号，每个符号代表一定数量，务必核对图例说明。
Line graphs show change over time. Points are connected with straight lines. Use them for things like temperature during a day. Pie charts show proportions of a whole – the circle represents 100%. Each slice shows a category’s share. Pie charts always have a title and often show percentages.
折线图显示随时间的变化，各点用直线连接，适用于一天中温度变化这类情况。饼图显示各部分占整体的比例——圆代表 100%，每个扇形代表一个类别的份额。饼图总有标题，并常显示百分比。
Memory aid: Bar for categories, Line for time, Pie for proportion, Pictogram for simple counts. In OCR tasks, you may be asked to spot the best chart for a given data set. Match the chart to the story the data tells.
记忆辅助：条形看分类，折线看时间，饼图看比例，象形图看简单计数。在 OCR 任务中，你可能需要为给定的数据集选择最合适的图表。让图表去讲数据的故事。
10. Probability Vocabulary: Certain, Likely, Even Chance, Unlikely, Impossible | 概率术语：必然、可能、等可能、不太可能、不可能
Probability words describe how likely an event is. They sit on a scale from impossible to certain. Impossible means an event can never happen, like rolling a 7 on a regular six-sided die. Certain means it will definitely happen, like the sun rising tomorrow in your science observation.
概率词语描述事件发生的可能性，它们分布在从不可能到必然的标尺上。不可能意味着事件永远不会发生，比如在普通六面骰子上掷出 7。必然表示事件一定发生，类似于在科学观察中太阳明天一定会升起。
Likely means the event has a high chance but is not guaranteed. Unlikely means a low chance. Even chance means it could go either way – like flipping a coin and getting heads. Many OCR Year 7 questions ask you to link these words to numerical probabilities: impossible = 0, even chance = ½, certain = 1.
可能表示事件的概率很高但并非必然。不太可能意味着概率很低。等可能表示两种结果机会均等——比如抛硬币得到正面。很多 OCR Year 7 题目要求你把这些词语和数字概率联系起来：不可能 = 0，等可能 = ½，必然 = 1。
11. Frequency and Tally Charts | 频数与计数表
Frequency simply means how often something occurs. A tally chart helps you count frequencies quickly. You draw a vertical stroke for each occurrence, and bundle every group of five with a diagonal line through four strokes – this makes counting faster. For example, counting vehicles passing your school gate: car ||||, bus || etc.
频数就是某事物出现的次数。计数表（画记表）能帮你快速统计频数。每次出现画一条竖线，每五个用一组带斜线的四条竖线表示——这让计数更快。例如，统计经过校门口的车辆：轿车 ||||、公交车 || 等。
From a tally chart, you build a frequency table with two columns: category and frequency. Then you can draw a bar chart. The word ‘frequency’ appears all through OCR statistics. Remember: frequency = how many. Good recording in neat columns stops mistakes.
通过计数表可以制作两列的频数表：类别和频数。之后你就能画出条形图。’frequency’ 这个词贯穿 OCR 统计全程。记住：频数 = 有多少次。整齐的列表记录能避免出错。
12. Quick Memory Tips | 快速记忆技巧
Here are some snappy ways to lock definitions in your mind: ‘Mean is Mean to extreme values, Median is in the Middle, Mode is Most.’ Use the 3M chant. For data types, think ‘Quali- = Qualities, Quanti- = Quantities’. For continuous vs discrete, chant ‘You can Measure continuous, you must Count discrete.’
以下是一些把定义刻进脑子里的巧妙方法：’平均数对极端值不留情，中位数待在正中心，众数就是最多数。’ 使用 3M 口诀。数据类型记忆：’Quali- 看性质，Quanti- 看数量’。离散与连续记忆口诀：’连续靠测量，离散靠计数’。
For probability words, visualise a number line from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). Even chance sits at ½ exactly. Draw a simple thermometer with these labels on it. For range: Range = Reach, how far data reaches from smallest to largest. When you meet new terms, write them on small cards with an English sentence on one side and Chinese on the other – flip through them twice a week. This active recall fixes vocabulary faster than just reading.
对于概率术语，想象一条从 0（不可能）到 1（必然）的数轴，等可能正好在 ½ 处。画一个简单的温度计，把这些标签标上去。对于极差：Range = Reach（伸长的范围），数据从最小到最大延伸了多少。每遇到新术语，就写在卡片上，一面英文例句，一面中文，每周快速翻阅两次。这种主动回忆比单纯阅读更能坚实记住词汇。
Published by TutorHao | Statistics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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