📚 Year 7 SQA Advanced Math: Vocabulary Quick Memorisation Guide | 7年级 SQA 进阶数学：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering mathematics in Year 7 goes far beyond numbers and formulas – it begins with a firm grip on the language of the subject. For SQA Advanced Mathematics, understanding key vocabulary allows you to read questions accurately, explain your reasoning, and avoid common misunderstandings. This guide breaks down the most important terms into themed sections, pairing each English definition with its Chinese equivalent to build a bilingual mental dictionary. Short, memorable phrases and logical connections are used throughout to make recall faster and more reliable.
在7年级掌握数学，远不止数字和公式——它始于对学科语言的牢固掌握。对于SQA进阶数学，理解关键术语能让你准确读题、解释推理、避免常见误解。本指南将最重要的术语按主题分节，为每个英文定义配上中文对应，帮助你构建双语心理词典。全文使用简短易记的短语和逻辑关联，让记忆更快、更可靠。
1. Algebraic Expressions | 代数表达式
Algebra uses letters and symbols to represent numbers and relationships. Building an algebraic expression is rather like writing a recipe – you need exact ingredients and clear steps.
代数用字母和符号表示数字和关系。构建代数表达式就像写一份食谱——你需要准确的配料和清晰的步骤。
Variable – A letter that stands for a number we do not yet know, such as x or y.
变量 – 代表尚未知道的数的字母，例如 x 或 y。
Coefficient – The number in front of a variable. In 5x, 5 is the coefficient.
系数 – 变量前面的数字。在 5x 中，5 就是系数。
Constant – A fixed number on its own, like +3 in x + 3.
常数 – 一个独立的固定数值，例如 x + 3 中的 +3。
Like terms – Terms that share exactly the same variable part; 2a and 5a are like terms, 2a and 3b are not.
同类项 – 含有完全相同的变量的项；2a 和 5a 是同类项，2a 和 3b 不是。
Simplify – To combine like terms and reduce an expression to its shortest form, e.g. 3x + 2x = 5x.
化简 – 合并同类项，将表达式化为最简形式，例如 3x + 2x = 5x。
2. Equations and Inequalities | 方程与不等式
Equations state that two things are equal, while inequalities compare two values and indicate which side is larger or smaller. Both are used to solve problems by isolating the unknown.
方程说明两样东西相等，而不等式则比较两个值，指明哪一边较大或较小。两者都通过隔离未知数来解决问题。
Equation – A mathematical sentence with an equals sign, such as 2x + 1 = 7.
方程 – 含有等号的数学语句，例如 2x + 1 = 7。
Solve – To find the value of the variable that makes the equation true.
求解 – 找出使方程成立的变量值。
Inequality – A statement comparing two expressions using signs like > (greater than), < (less than), ≥ (greater than or equal to), ≤ (less than or equal to).
不等式 – 使用 >（大于）、<（小于）、≥（大于等于）、≤（小于等于）等符号比较两个表达式的语句。
Solution set – All the values that satisfy an inequality, often shown on a number line.
解集 – 所有满足不等式的值，常在数轴上表示。
3. Fractions and Decimals | 分数与小数
Fractions and decimals are two ways of representing parts of a whole. Being able to move fluently between them is a core skill in Year 7 advanced work.
分数和小数是表示整体一部分的两种方式。能够在两者之间自如转换是7年级进阶学习的核心技能。
Numerator – The top number of a fraction; it tells how many parts we have.
分子 – 分数线上方的数；表示我们拥有几份。
Denominator – The bottom number; it tells how many equal parts the whole is divided into.
分母 – 分数线下方的数；表示整体被分成多少等份。
Equivalent fractions – Fractions that represent the same value, e.g. 1/2 and 3/6.
等值分数 – 表示相同数值的分数，例如 1/2 和 3/6。
Improper fraction – A fraction where the numerator is larger than the denominator, e.g. 7/4.
假分数 – 分子大于分母的分数，例如 7/4。
Recurring decimal – A decimal that repeats forever, such as 0.333…, written with a dot or bar.
循环小数 – 不断重复的小数，例如 0.333…，用点或上划线表示。
4. Percentages | 百分比
Percent means ‘out of 100’. Percentages appear everywhere – from test scores to discounts – so knowing how to switch between fractions, decimals and percentages is essential.
百分比意思是“每一百”。百分数随处可见——从考试成绩到折扣——因此懂得在分数、小数和百分数之间转换至关重要。
Percentage – A ratio expressed as a fraction of 100; the symbol is %.
百分数 – 以100为分母的比值；符号为 %。
Percentage increase – The amount added to an original value, expressed as a percentage of the original.
百分比增加 – 在原始值上增加的数额，表示为原始值的百分数。
Percentage decrease – The amount subtracted from an original value, written as a percentage of the original.
百分比减少 – 从原始值中减去的数额，表示为原始值的百分数。
Finding a percentage of a quantity – Multiply the quantity by the percentage expressed as a decimal (e.g. 25% of 80 = 0.25 × 80).
求一个量的百分之几 – 用百分数化成小数后乘以该量（如 80 的 25%=0.25×80）。
5. Ratio and Proportion | 比与比例
Ratio compares sizes of two or more quantities, while proportion describes how one quantity changes in relation to another. These ideas are vital for scaling recipes, maps and models.
比用来比较两个或更多量的大小，比例则描述一个量如何随另一个量变化。这些概念对于缩放食谱、地图和模型至关重要。
Ratio – A way to compare quantities with the same units, written as a : b.
比 – 比较相同单位量的方式，写作 a : b。
Simplify a ratio – Divide all parts by their highest common factor, e.g. 8:12 simplifies to 2:3.
化简比 – 用各部分的最大公因数除所有项，如 8:12 化简为 2:3。
Proportion – A statement that two ratios are equal; direct proportion means both quantities increase or decrease together.
比例 – 说明两个比相等的陈述；正比例意味着两个量同时增减。
Unitary method – Finding the value of one unit first, then scaling to the required amount.
归一法 – 先求出一个单位的值，再按需放大。
6. Geometry: Angles and Shapes | 几何：角与形状
Geometry vocabulary gives you the tools to describe positions, lines, angles and 2D shapes precisely. In SQA advanced work, you will also use angle facts to reason rather than just measure.
几何词汇为你提供了精确描述位置、直线、角度和二维形状的工具。在SQA进阶学习中，你还会利用角度规律进行推理，而不仅是测量。
Acute angle – An angle less than 90°.
锐角 – 小于 90° 的角。
Obtuse angle – An angle between 90° and 180°.
钝角 – 大于 90° 且小于 180° 的角。
Reflex angle – An angle greater than 180° but less than 360°.
优角 – 大于 180° 且小于 360° 的角。
Polygon – A closed 2D shape with straight sides. Triangles, quadrilaterals and pentagons are all polygons.
多边形 – 由直线段围成的封闭二维图形。三角形、四边形和五边形都是多边形。
Regular polygon – All sides and all angles are equal.
正多边形 – 所有边和所有角都相等。
Vertically opposite angles – When two lines cross, opposite angles are equal.
对顶角 – 两直线相交时，相对的角相等。
7. Perimeter, Area and Volume | 周长、面积和体积
Measuring the space inside or around a shape leads to three key concepts: perimeter, area and volume. Each has its own unit of measurement, and confusing them is a classic mistake.
测量形状内部或周围的空间引出了三个核心概念：周长、面积和体积。每个概念有各自的计量单位，混淆它们是经典的错误。
Perimeter – The total distance around the outside of a 2D shape; measured in units such as cm, m.
周长 – 沿二维图形外缘一周的总距离；以 cm、m 等长度单位计量。
Area – The amount of surface covered by a 2D shape; measured in square units, e.g. cm², m².
面积 – 二维图形所占表面的大小；以平方单位计量，如 cm²、m²。
Volume – The amount of space a 3D object occupies; measured in cubic units, e.g. cm³, m³.
体积 – 三维物体所占空间的大小；以立方单位计量，如 cm³、m³。
Compound shape – A shape made by combining simpler shapes; area is found by splitting it into basic parts.
组合图形 – 由简单图形组合而成的形状；可通过拆分成基本图形来求面积。
8. Coordinates and Graphs | 坐标与图形
Coordinates allow us to pinpoint exact locations on a grid, and graphs turn algebraic expressions into visual patterns. The language here is all about position and movement.
坐标让我们能在网格上精确定位，而图形则将代数表达式转化为视觉图案。这里的语言全都与位置和移动相关。
Origin – The point (0,0) where the x-axis and y-axis cross.
原点 – x 轴与 y 轴相交的点 (0,0)。
x-axis – The horizontal number line.
x 轴 – 水平的数轴。
y-axis – The vertical number line.
y 轴 – 垂直的数轴。
Coordinates / Ordered pair – A pair of numbers (x,y) that fix a location; the first number tells how far across, the second how far up.
坐标 / 有序数对 – 确定位置的一对数 (x,y)；第一个数表示横向距离，第二个数表示纵向距离。
Plot – To mark a point on a graph given its coordinates.
描点 – 根据坐标在图上标出一点。
9. Statistics | 统计
Statistics is the art of collecting, organising and making sense of data. Key terms describe the ‘centre’ of data and how spread out it is.
统计学是收集、整理并理解数据的艺术。关键术语描述了数据的“中心”及其分散程度。
Mean – The average; sum of all values divided by the number of values.
平均数 – 平均值；所有数值之和除以数值的个数。
Median – The middle value when data is ordered from smallest to largest.
中位数 – 数据按从小到大排序后位于最中间的值。
Mode – The value that appears most often.
众数 – 出现次数最多的数值。
Range – The difference between the largest and smallest values; a measure of spread.
极差 – 最大值与最小值之差；衡量离散程度的一个量。
Frequency – How often something occurs.
频数 – 某事件发生的次数。
10. Probability | 概率
Probability describes how likely an event is to happen. It is written as a fraction, decimal or percentage between 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain).
概率描述某事件发生的可能性大小。它用介于 0（不可能）和 1（必然）之间的分数、小数或百分数来表示。
Probability scale – A line from 0 to 1 showing the chance of an event.
概率标尺 – 一条从 0 到 1 的线段，显示事件发生的可能性。
Even chance – A probability of 1/2 or 0.5, meaning just as likely to happen as not.
等可能性 – 概率为 1/2 或 0.5，意味着发生与不发生的可能性相同。
Outcome – A possible result of a probability experiment.
结果 – 概率实验的一个可能发生的情况。
Sample space – The set of all possible outcomes.
样本空间 – 所有可能结果的集合。
Mutually exclusive – Events that cannot happen at the same time.
互斥事件 – 不可能同时发生的事件。
11. Number Patterns and Sequences | 数列与规律
Sequences crop up in every corner of mathematics. Being able to spot a rule and use it to find the next term is a powerful skill that links directly to algebra.
数列在数学的各个角落都会出现。能够发现规律并用它求出下一项，是一项直接通向代数的强大技能。
Term – Each number or element in a sequence.
项 – 数列中的每一个数或元素。
Term-to-term rule – The rule that tells you how to move from one term to the next (e.g. add 3).
逐项规则 – 告诉你如何从前一项得到后一项的规则（如加 3）。
Position-to-term rule / nth term – A formula that lets you calculate any term directly, for example Tₙ = 2n + 1.
通项公式 / 第 n 项 – 能直接计算任意项的公式，例如 Tₙ = 2n + 1。
Arithmetic sequence – A sequence with a constant difference between terms, e.g. 4, 7, 10, 13, … (add 3).
等差数列 – 相邻两项之差为常数的数列，如 4, 7, 10, 13, …（加 3）。
Geometric sequence – A sequence with a constant ratio between terms, e.g. 2, 6, 18, 54, … (multiply by 3).
等比数列 – 相邻两项之比为常数的数列，如 2, 6, 18, 54, …（乘以 3）。
12. Tips for Memorisation | 速记技巧总结
Memorising vocabulary does not mean staring at a list for hours. The brain remembers best through connections, pictures and active use. Here are some quick techniques used by top-performing students.
记忆词汇并不意味着盯着单词表看几个小时。大脑通过联系、图像和主动使用记得最牢。下面是一些优秀学生都在用的快速记忆技巧。
Create bilingual flash cards – Put the English term on one side and the Chinese explanation on the other. Shuffle and test yourself daily for five minutes.
制作双语闪卡 – 一面写英文术语，另一面写中文解释。打乱顺序每天自测五分钟。
Use mnemonics – Turn acronyms into silly sentences. For ‘numerators on top, denominators down’, imagine a ‘Nummy’ climbing a roof.
使用记忆术 – 将首字母缩写变成有趣的句子。比如用“分上母下”想象一只叫“分分”的猫爬在屋顶上。
Draw concept diagrams – Link new terms to images. For ‘equation’, draw a balanced seesaw; for ‘area’, shade a rectangle and count squares.
画概念图 – 把新术语与图像联系起来。“方程”画一个平衡的跷跷板；“面积”给一个矩形涂色并数方格。
Explain to someone else – Teach a family member three words a day in your own words. If you can teach it, you truly know it.
向别人解释 – 每天用自己的话教一位家人三个单词。能教会别人，自己才算真正掌握。
Use the words in writing – When solving a problem, write a short sentence using the new term, e.g. ‘I know these are equivalent fractions because…’
在写作中运用 – 解题时用新术语写一个短句，例如 ‘我知道它们是等值分数，因为…’。
Published by TutorHao | Advanced Mathematics Revision Series | aleveler.com
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