Year 7 SQA Chinese: Core Knowledge Points Review | SQA 七年级中文：核心知识点梳理

📚 Year 7 SQA Chinese: Core Knowledge Points Review | SQA 七年级中文：核心知识点梳理

The Year 7 SQA Chinese course introduces students to the fundamentals of Mandarin Chinese, covering essential pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar, and cultural insights. This revision guide organises the core knowledge points to help learners build a solid foundation in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. By mastering these building blocks, you will feel more confident in class and better prepared for assessments.

SQA 七年级中文课程向学生介绍普通话的基础知识，包括发音、词汇、语法和文化常识。本复习指南梳理核心知识点，帮助学习者在听、说、读、写方面打下扎实基础。掌握这些基本模块后，你会在课堂上更自信，考试也准备得更充分。

1. Pinyin and Tones | 拼音和声调

Pinyin is the official romanisation system for Standard Mandarin, using the Latin alphabet to represent sounds. Every Chinese syllable is composed of an initial (consonant), a final (vowel), and a tone. Accurate pronunciation of tones is essential because the same syllable with different tones can have completely different meanings.

拼音是标准汉语的官方罗马化系统，使用拉丁字母表示读音。每个中文音节由声母、韵母和声调组成。准确掌握声调至关重要，因为同一个音节用不同的声调读出来，意思可能完全不同。

There are four main tones plus a neutral tone in Mandarin.

普通话有四个主要声调和一个轻声。

First tone (high level): represented by a macron, e.g. mā (妈, mother). The pitch stays high and flat.

第一声（高平调）：用长音符号表示，如 mā（妈）。音高保持高而平。

Second tone (rising): represented by an acute accent, e.g. má (麻, hemp). The pitch rises from middle to high, like asking a question.

第二声（升调）：用锐音符表示，如 má（麻）。音高从中升到高，就像在提问。

Third tone (dipping): represented by a caron, e.g. mǎ (马, horse). It dips low and then rises slightly. In normal speech it is often a low tone.

第三声（降升调）：用抑扬符号表示，如 mǎ（马）。音高先降后升。在语流中通常发成低调。

Fourth tone (falling): represented by a grave accent, e.g. mà (骂, scold). The pitch drops sharply from high to low.

第四声（降调）：用沉音符表示，如 mà（骂）。音高从高迅速下降。

Neutral tone: no tone mark, light and short, e.g. ma (吗, question particle). Its pitch depends on the preceding tone.

轻声：无调号，轻而短，如 ma（吗）。音高取决于前一个声调。

The tone marks are always placed on the main vowel of the final. Learning to read and pronounce pinyin correctly is the first step to speaking clearly.

声调符号总是标在韵母的主元音上。学会正确拼读拼音是说清楚普通话的第一步。

2. Basic Greetings and Self-introductions | 基本问候与自我介绍

Being able to greet someone and introduce yourself is one of the most rewarding early skills. The simplest and most common greeting is ‘Nǐ hǎo’ (Hello), which can be used at any time of day. The reply is also ‘Nǐ hǎo’.

能够打招呼和自我介绍是最有成就感的早期技能之一。最简单常用的问候是“你好”，任何时候都可以用。回答也是“你好”。

For a polite closing, use ‘Zàijiàn’ (Goodbye). To thank someone, say ‘Xièxie’ (Thank you), and the response is ‘Bú kèqì’ (You’re welcome) or ‘Bú yong xiè’ (Don’t mention it). To apologise, say ‘Duìbuqǐ’ (Sorry), and the reply is often ‘Méi guānxi’ (It doesn’t matter).

礼貌的告别用“再见”。道谢说“谢谢”，回答是“不客气”或“不用谢”。道歉说“对不起”，回答常常是“没关系”。

When introducing yourself, start with ‘Nǐ hǎo’ and then ‘Wǒ jiào …’ (My name is …) or ‘Wǒ shì …’ (I am …). To ask someone’s name, say ‘Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi?’ (What is your name?). You can also ask ‘Nǐ shì shéi?’ (Who are you?) but it is more polite to use ‘Niň guì xìng?’ (What is your surname? – respectful).

自我介绍时，先说“你好”，然后“我叫……”或“我是……”。问对方姓名可以说“你叫什么名字？”。也可以用“你是谁？”，但更礼貌的是“您贵姓？”。

To express nationality, use ‘Wǒ shì … rén’, for example ‘Wǒ shì Yin̄gguó rén’ (I am British). To talk about age, say ‘Wǒ … suì le’ (I am … years old).

表达国籍用“我是……人”，例如“我是英国人”。说年龄用“我……岁了”。

These basic exchanges form the backbone of classroom interaction and real-life communication.

这些基本对话是课堂互动和真实交流的支柱。

3. Numbers and Counting System | 数字与计数系统

Numbers in Chinese follow a very logical pattern once you learn the first ten digits. Learning to count opens the door to telling time, giving your phone number, and handling money.

掌握了前十个数字后，中文的数字系统非常有规律。学会数数可以帮助你报时间、说电话号码和购物。

0 líng, 1 yī, 2 èr, 3 sān, 4 sì, 5 wǔ, 6 liù, 7 qī, 8 bā, 9 jiǔ, 10 shí.

0 零, 1 一, 2 二, 3 三, 4 四, 5 五, 6 六, 7 七, 8 八, 9 九, 10 十。

From 11 to 19, you simply combine ten and the unit: 11 is shíyī (ten-one), 12 is shí’èr (ten-two), up to 19 shíjiǔ (ten-nine).

11到19只需要把“十”和个位数组合：11是十一，12是十二，一直到19是十九。

For multiples of ten: 20 èrshí (two-ten), 30 sānshí, and so on. Numbers like 21 are èrshiyī (two-ten-one). The pattern extends to 99 jǐushijiǔ.

几十的表示法：20二十，30三十，以此类推。21是二十一。这个规律一直延伸到99九十九。

100 is yībǎi (one hundred). Larger numbers such as 101 are yībǎi líng yī (one hundred zero one). The system is entirely regular, so once you know the building blocks, you can form any number up to 999.

100是一百。更大的数字如101是一百零一。这个系统完全有规律，所以一旦你掌握了基本部件，就能说出最多到999的任何数字。

Counting objects requires measure words, which will be covered later. For now, just remember the bare numbers and the word for ‘half’: bàn (半).

数东西需要量词，稍后会讲。现在只需记住纯数字和“半”字。

4. Days of the Week, Months, and Dates | 星期、月份和日期

Talking about time is an essential life skill. Days of the week in Chinese are formed by adding a number after the word for week: xīngqī (星期). Monday is xīngqīyī (week-1), Tuesday xīngqī’èr (week-2), all the way to Saturday xīngqīliù. Sunday can be xīngqītiān or xīngqīrì.

谈论时间是一项基本生活技能。中文的星期是用“星期”后面加数字来表示：星期一是星期一，星期二是星期二，一直到星期六是星期六。星期天可以说星期天或星期日。

Months are also numbered using the word yuè (月, month). January is yīyuè, February èryuè, up to December shí’èryuè. Notice that month names are simply ‘number + month’.

月份也是用数词加“月”来表示：一月，二月，直到十二月。注意月份名称就是“数字+月”。

When giving a full date, the order is year – month – day. For example, ’23rd April 2025′ is èr líng èr wǔ nián sì yuè èrshisān rì. The year is read digit by digit, and the day uses the full number plus rì (日, day) or hào (号).

表达完整日期时，顺序是年、月、日。例如2025年4月23日读作二零二五年四月二十三日。年份要一个一个数字读，日子用数字加“日”或“号”。

To ask what day it is, say ‘Jīn tiān xīngqī jǐ?’ (What day is it today?). To ask the date, say ‘Jīn tiān jǐ hào?’ or ‘Jīn tiān shénme rìzi?’.

问今天星期几，说“今天星期几？”。问日期，说“今天几号？”或“今天什么日子？”。

5. Telling the Time and Daily Routines | 时间表达与日常作息

Telling time in Chinese uses the word diǎn (点, o’clock) for hours and fēn (分, minute) for minutes. The structure is: number + diǎn + number + fēn. For example, 3:10 is sān diǎn shí fēn.

中文表示时间用“点”表示小时，“分”表示分钟。结构是：数字 + 点 + 数字 + 分。例如3:10是三点十分。

Key time words include bàn (半, half past) and kè (刻, quarter). 2:30 can be èr diǎn bàn or èr diǎn sānshí fēn. 3:15 is sān diǎn shíwǔ fēn or sān diǎn yī kè. 3:45 is sān diǎn sìshiwǔ fēn or sān diǎn sān kè.

重要的时间词包括“半”和“刻”。2:30可以是两点半或两点三十分。3:15三点十五分或三点一刻。3:45三点四十五分或三点三刻。

To ask the time, say ‘Jǐ diǎn le?’ (What time is it?). You can also ask ‘Xiànzài jǐ diǎn?’ (What time is it now?).

问时间，说“几点了？”。也可以说“现在几点？”。

Daily routine phrases typically start with a time expression followed by an activity. For example, ‘Wǒ qī diǎn qǐchuáng’ (I get up at 7 o’clock). ‘Wǒ qī diǎn bàn chī zǎofàn’ (I eat breakfast at 7:30). Use ‘shǔiyāng’ for sleeping, ‘qù xuéxiào’ for going to school, and ‘xìngzuò yè’ for doing homework.

日常作息短语通常以时间开头，然后是活动。例如“我七点起床”。“我七点半吃早饭”。睡觉用“睡觉”，上学用“去学校”，做作业用“做作业”。

6. Family Members and Personal Pronouns | 家庭成员与人称代词

Family vocabulary is some of the first words children learn, and Chinese makes a clear distinction between elder and younger siblings, and between maternal and paternal relatives at more advanced levels. For Year 7, focus on the immediate family.

家庭词汇是孩子最先学习的词语，中文里对长幼和亲戚称谓区分明显，更高年级会学。七年级先掌握核心家庭成员。

bàba (dad), māma (mum), gēge (elder brother), dìdi (younger brother), jiějie (elder sister), mèimei (younger sister). To talk about your family, use the possessive particle ‘de’: wǒ de bàba (my dad).

爸爸、妈妈、哥哥、弟弟、姐姐、妹妹。谈论家庭时，用领属助词“的”：我的爸爸。

Grandparents can be introduced simply: yéye (paternal grandpa), nǎinai (paternal grandma), lǎoye (maternal grandpa), lǎolao (maternal grandma). Even if students mix them up at first, recognising the terms is valuable.

祖父母可以这样介绍：爷爷、奶奶、姥爷、姥姥。即使一开始会混淆，认识这些词汇也很有用。

Personal pronouns are straightforward: wǒ (I, me), nǐ (you), tā (he/him, she/her, it). The plural is formed by adding ‘men’: wǒmen (we, us), nǐmen (you plural), tāmen (they/them). Note that the written character for ‘tā’ differs: 他 for he, 她 for she, 它 for it, but they sound the same.

人称代词非常直接：我、你、他。复数加“们”：我们、你们、他们。注意“他”这个字的写法会区分性别：他、她、它，但读音相同。

7. Classroom Objects and School Subjects | 课堂用品与学校科目

Knowing the names of everyday classroom objects helps you follow instructions and ask for items. Key nouns include shū (book), jìsuànjī (calculator), bǐ (pen), qiānbǐ (pencil), xiàngpí (eraser), chǐzi (ruler), shūbāo (schoolbag), kèběn (textbook), and liànxíběn (exercise book).

了解日常课堂用品的名称可以帮你听懂指令和借东西。重点名词有：书、计算器、笔、铅笔、橡皮、尺子、书包、课本和练习本。

Furniture terms are also important: zhuōzi (desk/table) and yǐzi (chair). Teacher is lǎoshī, student is xuésheng. Classmate is tóngxué.

家具词语也重要：桌子、椅子。老师是老师，学生是学生。同学是同学。

School subjects are often formed with the word kè (subject/lesson). Subjects include shùxué (Maths), Yīngyǔ (English), Hànyǔ or Zhōngwén (Chinese), kēxué (Science), tǐyù (PE), yin̄yuè (Music), měishù (Art), and lìshǐ (History).

学校科目通常用“课”字。科目有：数学、英语、汉语/中文、科学、体育、音乐、美术和历史。

To say what subject you like, use xǐhuan (to like): ‘Wǒ xǐhuan shùxué’ (I like Maths). You can also use zuì xǐhuan (favourite): ‘Wǒ zuì xǐhuan Yīngyǔ’ (My favourite subject is English).

表达喜欢某科目用“喜欢”：我喜欢数学。也可以用“最喜欢”：我最喜欢英语。

8. Basic Adjectives and Describing People/Things | 基本形容词与描述人物

Adjectives in Chinese do not change form and are often linked to the noun with ‘de’ or used after the verb ‘shì’. Common adjectives in Year 7 include dà (big), xiǎo (small), gāo (tall/high), ǎi (short in height), piàoliang (pretty), hǎokàn (good-looking), hǎochī (delicious), kuàilè (happy), hǎo (good), and rènào (lively, bustling).

中文形容词不发生变化，通常用“的”与名词连接，或用在“是”之后。七年级常用形容词有：大、小、高、矮、漂亮、好看、好吃、快乐、好和热闹。

To describe someone, you can say ‘Tā hěn gāo’ (He is very tall) or ‘Zhè ge pínguǒ hěn hǎochī’ (This apple is delicious). The word ‘hěn’ (very) is often used as a link between the subject and the adjective, even if ‘very’ is not strongly emphasised.

描述人可以说“他很高”，“这个苹果很好吃”。“很”字常常用作主语和形容词之间的连接词，即使“非常”的意思不那么强。

When describing a noun directly, place the adjective before the noun and add ‘de’: ‘dà de pínguǒ’ (a big apple), ‘piàoliang de yīfu’ (pretty clothes). Without a noun, you can simply say ‘Zhè ge hěn dà’ (This one is big).

直接描述名词时，把形容词放名词前加“的”：大的苹果，漂亮的衣服。如果没有名词，可以说“这个很大”。

Comparisons are made using bǐ (than): ‘Gēge bǐ dìdi gāo’ (Elder brother is taller than younger brother). The pattern ‘A bǐ B + adjective’ is essential.

比较用“比”：哥哥比弟弟高。“A比B + 形容词”句型是重点。

9. Key Sentence Patterns | 关键句型

Several basic sentence structures form the backbone of early Mandarin. The simplest is the ‘shì’ (是, to be) sentence: ‘Wǒ shì xuésheng’ (I am a student). ‘Zhè shì shū’ (This is a book). Negation uses ‘bú shì’: ‘Tā bú shì lǎoshī’ (He is not a teacher).

几个基本句型是早期普通话的支柱。最简单的是“是”字句：我是学生。这是书。否定用“不是”：他不是老师。

Possession is expressed with ‘yǒu’ (有, to have): ‘Wǒ yǒu yī gě gēge’ (I have an elder brother). To say ‘there is/there are’, Chinese uses ‘yǒu’ as well: ‘Jiàoshì lǐ yǒu hěn duo xuésheng’ (There are many students in the classroom). The negative is ‘méiyǒu’: ‘Wǒ méiyǒu dìdi’ (I don’t have a younger brother).

表示拥有用“有”：我有一个哥哥。表示存在也用“有”：教室里有很多学生。否定是“没有”：我没有弟弟。

Location is expressed with ‘zài’ (在): ‘Shū zài zhuōzi shang’ (The book is on the table). Common position words include shàng (on/above), xià (under/below), lǐ (inside), and pángbiān (next to).

位置用“在”：书在桌子上。常用方位词包括：上、下、里、旁边。

Questions can be formed with the particle ‘ma’ (吗) at the end of a statement: ‘Nǐ shì xuésheng ma?’ (Are you a student?). Another pattern uses the tag ‘ne’ (呢) to ask ‘And you? What about you?’: ‘Wǒ xǐhuan sānkè. Nǐ ne?’ (I like science. What about you?).

疑问句可以用“吗”放在陈述句末尾：你是学生吗？另一种用“呢”来反问“你呢？”：我喜欢科学。你呢？

10. Measure Words | 量词

When counting nouns, Chinese always requires a measure word (classifier) between the number and the noun. The general pattern is: Number + Measure Word + Noun. The most common, all-purpose measure word is gè (个), which can be used with people and many objects: yī gè rén (one person), sān gè pínguǒ (three apples).

数名词时，中文总要在数词和名词之间加一个量词。通用结构是：数字 + 量词 + 名词。最常用的万能量词是“个”，用于人和很多物体：一个人，三个苹果。

For long, thin objects such as pens, rulers, or rivers, use zhī (支/枝): yī zhī bǐ (one pen). For bound volumes like books and notebooks, use běn (本): liǎng běn shū (two books).

长条状物品如笔、尺子、河流，用“支”：一支笔。成册的书本用“本”：两本书。

For flat objects such as paper, tickets, or tables, use zhāng (张): sān zhāng zhǐ (three sheets of paper). For clothing items, use jiàn (件): yī jiàn chènshān (one shirt). For animals, the measure word is zhī (只) with a different character: yī zhī māo (one cat).

平面的东西如纸、票、桌子，用“张”：三张纸。衣物用“件”：一件衬衫。动物用“只”：一只猫。

Some nouns use special measure words. For a pair of chopsticks, say yī shuáng kuàizi (一双筷子). Learning the right measure word makes your Chinese sound much more natural, but if you forget, gè is usually understood.

有些名词有自己的量词。一双筷子。学会正确的量词会让你的中文更地道，但忘记时用“个”通常也能被理解。

11. Useful Everyday Expressions | 日常实用表达

Beyond textbook dialogues, a few key expressions help you navigate real situations. When you want something, use ‘Wǒ xiǎng yào …’ (I would like …) or ‘Wǒ yào …’ (I want …). For example, ‘Wǒ xiǎng yào yī bēi shuǐ’ (I’d like a glass of water).

除了课本对话，几个关键表达能帮你应对真实场景。想要什么东西，用“我想要……”或“我要……”。例如“我想要一杯水”。

When shopping, ask ‘Duōshǎo qián?’ (How much money?) or ‘Zhè ge duōshǎo qián?’ (How much is this?). The seller might reply ‘Wǔ kuài qián’ (Five yuan).

买东西时问“多少钱？”或“这个多少钱？”。卖家可能回答“五块钱”。

To get someone’s attention politely, say ‘Qǐng wèn’ (May I ask…). To express gratitude for a favour, ‘Xièxie nǐ’ or

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Year 7 SQA Chinese: Core Knowledge Points Review | SQA 七年级中文：核心知识点梳理