📚 Year 7 SQA Computing: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | SQA 七年级计算机：暑期预习与衔接课程
Welcome to the Year 7 SQA Computing summer preparation and bridging course! This resource is designed to help you make a smooth transition from primary school to secondary computing science under Scotland’s Curriculum for Excellence. You will explore essential topics such as computational thinking, hardware, algorithms, programming with Scratch, and online safety. By previewing these concepts over the summer, you will build confidence and a solid foundation for the S1/S2 computing classroom.
欢迎来到七年级 SQA 计算机暑期预习与衔接课程！本资源旨在帮助你在苏格兰卓越课程体系下，从小学顺利过渡到中学计算机科学学习。你将探索计算思维、硬件、算法、Scratch 编程以及网络安全等重要主题。通过在暑期预习这些概念，你将建立信心，为 S1/S2 阶段的计算机课堂打下坚实基础。
1. What is Computing Science? | 什么是计算机科学？
Computing science is the study of how computers work, how they process information, and how we can use them to solve problems. It involves logical thinking, creativity, and understanding systems. In Year 7, you will learn that computing is not just about using a computer, but about designing solutions and understanding the principles behind digital technology. This includes areas like programming, electronics, and the ethical use of technology.
计算机科学是研究计算机如何工作、如何处理信息以及如何利用它们解决问题的学科。它涉及逻辑思维、创造力和系统理解。在七年级，你将了解到计算机不仅仅关乎使用电脑，更关乎设计解决方案以及理解数字技术背后的原理。这包括编程、电子学和技术的道德使用等领域。
2. Computer Hardware and Software | 计算机硬件与软件
Hardware refers to the physical parts of a computer that you can touch, such as the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and the internal components like the CPU, RAM, and hard drive. Software is the set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do; examples include operating systems like Windows or macOS, and applications like web browsers or games. Understanding the difference is crucial. The CPU (central processing unit) processes instructions, RAM (random-access memory) holds temporary data, and storage devices save your files permanently.
硬件指你可以触摸的计算机物理部件，如显示器、键盘、鼠标，以及CPU、内存和硬盘等内部组件。软件是指告诉硬件要做什么的指令集；例如Windows或macOS等操作系统，以及网页浏览器或游戏等应用程序。理解二者的区别至关重要。CPU（中央处理器）处理指令，RAM（随机存取存储器）保存临时数据，而存储设备则永久保存你的文件。
3. Input, Output and Storage Devices | 输入、输出与存储设备
Input devices allow us to send data to the computer. Common examples are the keyboard, mouse, touchscreen, microphone, and scanner. Output devices display or produce results from the computer, such as the monitor, speakers, and printer. Storage devices keep data for later use: hard disk drives (HDD), solid-state drives (SSD), USB flash drives, and cloud storage. In class, you will identify different devices and explore how they connect to the system unit through ports and wireless connectivity.
输入设备让我们能将数据发送到计算机。常见例子有键盘、鼠标、触摸屏、麦克风和扫描仪。输出设备则显示或产生计算机的结果，如显示器、扬声器和打印机。存储设备保存数据以备后用：硬盘驱动器（HDD）、固态硬盘（SSD）、USB闪存盘和云存储。在课堂上，你将识别不同设备，并探索它们如何通过端口和无线连接与系统单元相连。
4. Introduction to Algorithms | 算法入门
An algorithm is a step-by-step set of instructions designed to perform a task or solve a problem. You use algorithms every day – for example, following a recipe, giving directions, or even a morning routine. In computing, algorithms are essential for programming because they provide a clear plan before coding begins. We will practise writing simple algorithms in everyday language and then learn to express them more formally using flowcharts and pseudocode.
算法是一组用于执行任务或解决问题的分步指令。你每天都在使用算法——例如按照食谱做饭、指路，甚至完成早晨的例行程序。在计算机领域，算法是编程的基础，因为它们在编码前提供了清晰的计划。我们将练习用日常语言编写简单算法，然后学习用流程图和伪代码更正式地表达它们。
5. Flowcharts and Pseudocode | 流程图与伪代码
Flowcharts use standard symbols to represent steps and decisions in an algorithm. An oval shows the start or end, a rectangle represents a process or action, a diamond indicates a decision (yes/no), and arrows show the flow of execution. Pseudocode is a simplified, human-readable description of an algorithm that resembles programming code but without strict syntax. For example, a pseudocode for making tea might be: ‘IF water is boiled THEN pour into cup ELSE wait’. Mastering these tools helps you design logic before writing actual code.
流程图使用标准符号来表示算法中的步骤和判断。椭圆表示开始或结束，矩形表示过程或操作，菱形表示判断（是/否），箭头表示执行流程。伪代码是一种简化的、便于人类理解的算法描述，类似于编程代码但没有严格的语法。例如，泡茶的伪代码可能是：“如果水烧开了，那么倒入杯中，否则等待”。掌握这些工具能帮助你在编写实际代码之前设计逻辑。
6. Binary and Data Representation | 二进制与数据表示
Computers store all data as binary digits (bits) – 0s and 1s. A group of 8 bits makes a byte. Using binary, we can represent numbers, text, images, and sound. In Year 7, you will learn how to convert small decimal numbers (e.g., 5 to 101₂) and understand why binary is fundamental. We will also touch on how characters are represented using codes like ASCII. This knowledge is vital for appreciating how digital devices store and process everything from your name to photos.
计算机将所有数据存储为二进制数字（比特）——0和1。8个比特组成一个字节。通过二进制，我们可以表示数字、文本、图像和声音。在七年级，你将学习如何转换小的十进制数字（例如，5转换成101₂），并理解二进制为何如此基础。我们还会涉及如何使用像ASCII这样的代码表示字符。这一知识对于理解数字设备如何存储和处理从你的名字到照片等一切信息至关重要。
7. Programming with Scratch | Scratch 编程
Scratch is a block-based visual programming language developed by MIT. It is perfect for beginners because you snap together code blocks like puzzle pieces rather than typing complex syntax. You can create interactive stories, games, and animations. In the bridging course, we will explore sprites, backdrops, motion, looks, events, and control blocks. You will design a simple project, such as a cat chasing a mouse, to understand sequences, loops, and conditional statements while building computational thinking.
Scratch 是由麻省理工学院开发的一种基于积木的可视化编程语言，非常适合初学者，因为你像拼图一样拼接代码块，而不需要输入复杂的语法。你可以创作交互式故事、游戏和动画。在衔接课程中，我们将探索角色、背景、运动、外观、事件和控制积木。你将设计一个简单的项目，例如猫捉老鼠，以此来理解顺序、循环和条件语句，同时培养计算思维。
8. Introduction to Python | Python 入门
Python is a text-based programming language widely used in industry and education. While you will start with Scratch, it is beneficial to glimpse Python syntax: simple print statements, variables, and basic input. For example, print("Hello, world!") displays text on the screen. Python uses clear, readable commands, making it an excellent next step after block coding. A summer taster will familiarise you with an IDE (integrated development environment) and the concept of running a script.
Python 是一种基于文本的编程语言，广泛应用于工业和教育领域。虽然你将先从 Scratch 开始，但瞥一眼 Python 的语法很有益：简单的 print 语句、变量和基本输入。例如，print("Hello, world!") 会在屏幕上显示文本。Python 使用清晰、易读的命令，是积木式编程后的绝佳进阶。暑期体验将让你熟悉 IDE（集成开发环境）和运行脚本的概念。
9. Networks and the Internet | 网络与互联网
A network connects computers and devices so they can share resources and communicate. The internet is a global network of networks. Key concepts include LAN (Local Area Network), WAN (Wide Area Network), routers, switches, and network cables or Wi-Fi. You will learn about IP addresses, domain names, and how web pages are fetched using HTTP/HTTPS. Understanding the client-server model helps you appreciate how streaming, online gaming, and email work behind the scenes.
网络将计算机和设备连接起来，使它们可以共享资源并进行通信。互联网是一个全球性的网络之网络。关键概念包括局域网（LAN）、广域网（WAN）、路由器、交换机、网线或 Wi-Fi。你将学习 IP 地址、域名，以及如何使用 HTTP/HTTPS 获取网页。了解客户端-服务器模型有助于你理解流媒体、在线游戏和电子邮件在幕后是如何工作的。
10. E-safety and Digital Citizenship | 电子安全与数字公民
Being a responsible digital citizen means using technology safely, respectfully, and legally. You must protect personal information, recognise cyberbullying, and identify scams like phishing. We will cover strong passwords, privacy settings, and the importance of not sharing passwords. Remember the rules: think before you post, treat others kindly online, and report anything that makes you uncomfortable. Schools and the SQA expect learners to understand the impact of their digital footprint and to stay safe on social media and gaming platforms.
成为一名负责任的数字公民意味着安全、尊重、合法地使用技术。你必须保护个人信息，识别网络欺凌，并识别网络钓鱼等诈骗行为。我们将涵盖强密码、隐私设置以及不分享密码的重要性。请记住规则：发布前三思，在网上善待他人，遇到任何让你不舒服的事情都要报告。学校和 SQA 期望学习者了解其数字足迹的影响，并在社交媒体和游戏平台上保持安全。
11. Computational Thinking Skills | 计算思维技能
Computational thinking is a problem-solving approach that uses techniques such as decomposition (breaking a problem into smaller parts), pattern recognition (finding similarities), abstraction (focusing on important information, ignoring irrelevant details), and algorithm design (creating step-by-step solutions). These skills are not only for computing lessons; they help you in maths, science, and everyday life. During the summer, practise by decomposing a task like organising a party or designing a game level.
计算思维是一种解决问题的方法，运用了分解（将问题拆解成更小的部分）、模式识别（发现相似之处）、抽象（专注于重要信息，忽略无关细节）和算法设计（创建分步解决方案）等技术。这些技能不仅用于计算机课堂，还能帮助你在数学、科学和日常生活中解决问题。暑期里，你可以通过分解诸如组织派对或设计游戏关卡等任务来进行练习。
12. Bridging the Gap: From Primary to Secondary | 衔接差距：从小学到中学
Moving up to secondary school can feel daunting, but computing science will be an exciting journey. Primary school may have introduced you to tablets, coding clubs, and basic digital literacy; now you will dive deeper into theory, practical programming, and collaborative projects. To bridge the gap over summer, explore Scratch, watch educational videos, and try simple algorithms on paper. Keep a curiosity journal: note any tech questions you have. This proactive approach will ensure you start S1 with confidence and enthusiasm.
升入中学可能会让人觉得忐忑，但计算机科学将是一段激动人心的旅程。小学可能让你接触了平板电脑、编程俱乐部和基础的数字素养；现在你将更深入地学习理论、实践编程和协作项目。为了在暑期弥合差距，你可以探索 Scratch，观看教育视频，并在纸上尝试简单的算法。保持一份好奇心日记：记录下你遇到的任何技术问题。这种积极主动的方法将确保你满怀信心和热情地开启 S1 的学习。
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