📚 Year 7 WJEC Engineering: Complete Curriculum Overview | Year 7 WJEC 工程：课程大纲全面解析
Welcome to your first step into the world of engineering. The Year 7 WJEC Engineering curriculum is designed to spark curiosity, build practical skills, and introduce you to the fascinating ways engineers solve real-world problems. Over the year, you will explore everything from materials and mechanisms to electronics and sustainable design. This overview unpacks every key topic, helping you understand what you will learn and why it matters.
欢迎迈入工程世界的第一步。Year 7 WJEC 工程课程旨在激发好奇心，培养实践技能，并引导你了解工程师解决现实问题的方式。在这一年中，你将探索从材料、机构到电子和可持续设计等各个领域。本概述将拆解每个重点主题，帮助你理解将要学习的内容及其重要性。
1. Introduction to Engineering | 工程导论
Engineering is the creative application of science and maths to design, build, and improve structures, machines, and systems. In Year 7, you will discover that engineers are not just people wearing hard hats – they shape everything from smartphones to sports equipment. You will learn to think like an engineer by identifying needs, generating ideas, and turning concepts into working solutions.
工程学是对科学和数学的创造性应用，用于设计、建造和改进结构、机器和系统。在 Year 7，你会发现工程师不仅仅是戴安全帽的人——他们塑造了从智能手机到运动器材的一切。你将学会像工程师一样思考，识别需求、产生创意，并将概念转变为可行的解决方案。
The course begins by exploring the roles of different types of engineer – civil, mechanical, electrical, and structural – and how their work impacts daily life. You will look at iconic engineering achievements and begin to appreciate the iterative process behind every product we use.
课程从探索不同类型工程师的角色开始——土木、机械、电气和结构工程师——以及他们的工作如何影响日常生活。你将观察标志性的工程成就，并开始理解我们使用的每一件产品背后反复迭代的过程。
2. The Engineering Design Cycle | 工程设计循环
The engineering design cycle is a five-stage problem-solving model you will use throughout Year 7: ASK, IMAGINE, PLAN, CREATE, and IMPROVE. First, you ASK questions to define the problem and identify constraints. Then you IMAGINE possible solutions by brainstorming and researching existing products. Next, you PLAN by sketching and selecting the best idea, before you CREATE a prototype. Finally, you test and IMPROVE your design through evaluation.
工程设计循环是一个五阶段的问题解决模型，你将在 Year 7 全程使用：提问、设想、规划、创造和改进。首先，你通过提问来界定问题并识别约束条件。然后通过头脑风暴和研究现有产品来设想可能的解决方案。接着，在创造原型之前，通过绘制草图并选定最佳方案来进行规划。最后，通过评估测试并改进你的设计。
Teachers will guide you through mini-projects where you apply this cycle, such as designing a bridge from limited materials or a container to protect an egg. Each step is recorded in a design portfolio, which helps you reflect on your thinking. This method mirrors how professional engineers work in industry, making it an essential foundation for all later topics.
教师将指导你完成应用这一循环的微型项目，例如用有限材料设计一座桥或一个保护鸡蛋的容器。每一步都记录在设计档案中，帮助你反思自己的思维。这种方法反映了专业工程师在行业中的工作方式，使其成为所有后续主题的重要基础。
3. Materials and Their Properties | 材料及其特性
Selecting the right material is one of the most critical decisions an engineer makes. In Year 7, you will explore timber, metals, plastics, and composites. You will learn to classify materials by their working properties: hardness, toughness, tensile strength, ductility, and conductivity. For example, copper is used in electrical wires because of its excellent conductivity, while mild steel is chosen for structural frames because of its high tensile strength.
选择正确的材料是工程师做出的最关键的决策之一。在 Year 7，你将探索木材、金属、塑料和复合材料。你将学会根据材料的工作特性进行分类：硬度、韧性、抗拉强度、延展性和导电性。例如，铜因其优异的导电性被用于电线，而低碳钢因其高抗拉强度被选择用于结构框架。
You will conduct simple experiments to test properties, such as stretching a rubber band to observe elasticity or immersing materials in water to test buoyancy. Sustainability also comes into play: you will discuss why using recycled aluminium saves energy and how bioplastics are developed. A typical vocabulary list includes words like ‘brittle’, ‘flexible’, ‘ferrous’, and ‘non-ferrous’.
你将进行简单的实验来测试特性，例如拉伸橡皮筋观察弹性，或将材料浸入水中测试浮力。可持续性也参与进来：你将讨论为什么使用再生铝可以节省能源，以及生物塑料是如何开发的。典型的词汇表包括“脆性”、“柔性”、“含铁的”和“非铁的”等词。
Typical Material Properties Table | 典型材料特性表
| Material | Key Property | Example Use |
|---|---|---|
| Mild Steel | High toughness, ferrous | Bicycle frame |
| Acrylic (PMMA) | Transparent, brittle | Display screens |
| Aluminium | Lightweight, non-ferrous | Drinks cans |
| Plywood | High strength-to-weight ratio | Furniture panels |
4. Tools and Workshop Safety | 工具与车间安全
Before you make anything, you must learn to work safely. The Year 7 workshop induction covers personal protective equipment (PPE): safety goggles, aprons, and sturdy footwear. You will identify common hand tools – saws, files, squares, and clamps – and learn correct grips and body positions to prevent injury. Power tool use is introduced only under direct supervision, typically a bench drill or sanding machine.
在你开始制作任何东西之前，你必须学会安全地工作。Year 7 车间入门培训涵盖个人防护装备：护目镜、围裙和结实的鞋子。你将认识常用的手动工具——锯、锉刀、角尺和夹钳——并学习正确的握法和身体姿势以预防伤害。电动工具仅在直接监督下进行介绍，通常是台钻或砂光机。
Safety rules are discussed in detail: always tie back long hair, never leave tools on the edge of a bench, and switch off machines after use. You will also learn the meaning of safety signs (mandatory, prohibition, warning, emergency) and how to respond to accidents. A short safety test ensures every student can identify risks before practical work begins.
安全规则被详细讨论：始终将长发扎在后面，切勿将工具留在工作台边缘，使用后关闭机器。你还将了解安全标志的含义（强制、禁止、警告、紧急出口），以及如何应对事故。一个简短的安全测试确保每位学生在实践工作开始前都能识别风险。
5. Mechanical Systems and Levers | 机械系统与杠杆
Mechanisms make work easier by changing the direction or size of a force. You will investigate three classes of levers, using the mnemonic FLE (Fulcrum, Load, Effort) to position them correctly. Class 1 levers, like scissors, have the fulcrum in the middle; class 2 levers, like a wheelbarrow, have the load in the middle; class 3 levers, like a fishing rod, have the effort in the middle.
机构通过改变力的方向或大小使工作更轻松。你将研究三类杠杆，使用助记符 FLE（支点、负载、力）正确放置它们。第 1 类杠杆，如剪刀，支点在中间；第 2 类杠杆，如独轮手推车，负载在中间；第 3 类杠杆，如鱼竿，力在中间。
You will build simple linkages using card strips and split pins, observing how output motion differs from input motion. The concepts of rotary, linear, reciprocating, and oscillating motion are introduced. Gears, pulleys, and belts are demonstrated so you understand how a small driver gear can increase torque or speed in a robot arm project.
你将使用卡纸条和开口销构建简单的连杆机构，观察输出运动与输入运动的不同。介绍旋转运动、直线运动、往复运动和摆动运动的概念。展示齿轮、滑轮和皮带，这样你能了解在机器人手臂项目中小型主动齿轮如何增加扭矩或速度。
Mechanical Advantage (MA) = Load / Effort
6. Electrical Components and Circuits | 电子元件与电路
Every engineered product that moves or lights up relies on electricity. In this unit, you begin by learning circuit symbols for a cell, bulb, switch, buzzer, motor, and resistor. You will draw circuit diagrams and then build simple series and parallel circuits on breadboards. Measuring voltage and current with multimeters gives you hands-on experience with Ohm’s law (V = I × R).
每一个能移动或发光的工程产品都依赖于电。本单元你将从学习电池、灯泡、开关、蜂鸣器、电机和电阻器的电路符号开始。你将绘制电路图，然后在面包板上搭建简单的串联和并联电路。使用万用表测量电压和电流，为你提供欧姆定律 (V = I × R) 的动手实践经验。
You will explore how a variable resistor can dim an LED and investigate why household circuits are wired in parallel. The concept of a short circuit and the importance of fuses for safety are also covered. By the end, you will create a functional electronic product, such as a steady-hand game or a light-activated alarm, integrating a sensor input and an output device.
你将探索可变电阻器如何让 LED 变暗，并探究家庭电路为何采用并联布线。还涵盖短路的概念以及保险丝对安全的重要性。到最后，你将创建一个功能性的电子产品，例如一个稳手游戏或一个光控报警器，集成传感器输入和输出设备。
7. Structural Engineering and Forces | 结构工程与力
Structures must withstand forces without failing. You will learn about tension, compression, torsion, bending, and shear forces, and identify where they act in everyday objects like bridges, chairs, and towers. Through paper and straw challenges, you will discover how triangulation adds rigidity to frameworks and why a triangle is the strongest shape in construction.
结构必须承受力而不损坏。你将学习拉力、压力、扭力、弯曲力和剪切力，并识别它们在桥梁、椅子和塔楼等日常物体中的作用位置。通过纸和吸管挑战，你将发现三角形支撑如何增加框架的刚度，以及为什么三角形是建筑中最坚固的形状。
The unit delves into arch bridges, suspension bridges, and beam bridges, examining how each distributes loads. You might calculate a simple load-to-mass ratio and test your own balsa-wood structure to destruction, recording the maximum force it held using a newton meter. This practical link to mathematics is directly relevant to the WJEC numeracy component.
本单元深入研究拱桥、吊桥和梁桥，考察每种桥如何分配负载。你可能会计算一个简单的负载 – 质量比，并测试自己的桐木结构直至破坏，使用牛顿计记录其承受的最大力。这一与数学的实践联系直接与 WJEC 算术能力部分相关。
8. Sustainable Engineering and Recycling | 可持续工程与回收
Good engineers design with the planet in mind. Year 7 introduces the 6 R’s of sustainability: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle, and Rethink. You will analyse product life cycles – from raw material extraction to disposal – and assess the environmental and social impact of common items such as a plastic bottle or a mobile phone.
优秀的工程师设计时考虑地球。Year 7 介绍可持续发展的 6 个 R：拒绝、减少、重复使用、修理、回收和重新思考。你将分析产品生命周期——从原材料提取到处置——并评估常见物品（如塑料瓶或手机）的环境和社会影响。
Through a mini-project, you may design a product using only recycled or waste materials, justifying your choices with a simple eco-audit. You will learn that engineered obsolescence is a problem and why modular design (where parts can be replaced) is considered more sustainable. The circular economy model is contrasted with the traditional linear ‘take-make-dispose’ approach.
通过一个微型项目，你可能会仅使用回收或废弃材料来设计产品，并用简单的生态审计来证明你的选择。你将了解到工程化的过时是一个问题，以及为什么模块化设计（部件可更换）被认为是更可持续的。循环经济模型与传统的线性“取用 – 制造 – 丢弃”方式形成对比。
9. Computer-Aided Design (CAD) Basics | 计算机辅助设计基础
Modern engineers use software to model their ideas before building anything. You will be introduced to 2D CAD programs such as TinkerCAD or 2D Design, learning how to draw precise shapes using grid snap and dimension tools. Key commands include line, circle, trim, and extrude, enabling you to create accurate technical drawings of components like gears or brackets.
现代工程师在建造任何东西之前，会使用软件来模拟他们的想法。你将接触 TinkerCAD 或 2D Design 等二维 CAD 程序，学习如何使用网格捕捉和尺寸工具精确绘制形状。关键命令包括直线、圆、修剪和拉伸，使你能为齿轮或支架等部件创建精确的技术图纸。
You will also explore the fundamentals of 3D modelling by adding thickness to a 2D sketch. The course touches on the relationship between CAD and CAM (Computer-Aided Manufacture), showing how your digital design can be exported to a laser cutter or 3D printer. Understanding file formats like STL and DXF becomes practical as you produce your own key fob or coaster.
你还将通过为二维草图增加厚度来探索三维建模的基础。课程触及 CAD 与 CAM（计算机辅助制造）之间的关系，展示你的数字设计如何导出到激光切割机或 3D 打印机。当你制作自己的钥匙扣或杯垫时，理解 STL 和 DXF 等文件格式变得具有实践性。
10. Testing and Evaluating Designs | 测试与评估设计
Evaluation is not just the final step – it runs throughout the design cycle. You will learn to write clear test criteria and use them to judge your project’s success. For instance, ‘The bridge must support a 2 kg mass without deflecting more than 10 mm’ is a measurable specification. Peer assessment and self-reflection forms are used to gather feedback.
评估不仅是最后一步——它贯穿整个设计周期。你将学习撰写清晰的测试标准，并用它们来评判项目的成功。例如，“桥梁必须支撑 2 公斤的质量而不偏转超过 10 毫米”是一个可测量的规格。同伴评估和自我反思表格被用来收集反馈。
You will record data in tables, draw bar charts, and suggest targeted improvements. Understanding the difference between a design failing because of a poor concept and one failing because of craftsmanship is a key analytical skill. This process connects directly to WJEC’s emphasis on iterative development and real-world problem-solving.
你将在表格中记录数据，绘制条形图，并提出有针对性的改进建议。理解设计因概念不佳而失败与因工艺不佳而失败之间的区别是一项关键的分析技能。这一过程直接与 WJEC 强调的迭代开发和现实问题解决相连。
11. Career Links in Engineering | 工程职业联系
Throughout the year, you will look at how the skills you develop – teamwork, creativity, analytical thinking, and technical drawing – link to genuine careers. From automotive engineers who design electric vehicles to biomedical engineers who create prosthetic limbs, the possibilities are vast. You might watch virtual tours of factories or listen to guest speakers explain their day-to-day roles.
在整个学年中，你将关注所培养的技能——团队合作、创造力、分析思维和技术绘图——如何与真实的职业相联系。从设计电动汽车的汽车工程师到制造假肢的生物医学工程师，可能性广阔。你可能会观看工厂的虚拟参观，或听嘉宾讲解他们的日常角色。
WJEC resources often include careers-linked videos and worksheets, showing you typical entry routes such as GCSE Engineering, Level 2 qualifications, and apprenticeships. By the end of Year 7, you will have a clear picture of what engineering can lead to and how the subject prepares you for further study.
WJEC 资源通常包括与职业相关的视频和工作表，向你展示典型的入学途径，如 GCSE 工程、2 级资格证书和学徒制。到 Year 7 结束时，你将清楚地了解工程学能带来什么，以及该学科如何为你进一步学习做好准备。
12. Key Skills and Projects | 关键技能与项目
Bringing everything together, the final term focuses on a longer integrated project – perhaps a moving toy, a wind turbine model, or a phone stand with a built-in LED circuit. You will apply the full design cycle, select materials based on properties, create a production plan, and build a high-quality prototype. The project folder becomes a showcase of your engineering journey.
将一切融会贯通，最后一个学期专注于一个较长的综合项目——可能是一个移动玩具、一个风力涡轮机模型，或一个带内置 LED 电路的手机支架。你将应用完整的设计循环，根据特性选择材料，制定生产计划，并构建一个高质量的原型。项目文件夹成为你工程旅程的展示。
Core skills assessed include accurate measuring and marking, safe use of tools, clear circuit assembly, and thorough evaluation. Feedback is provided using WJEC-style success criteria, helping you understand strengths and targets. This hands-on experience builds confidence for future STEM challenges and reinforces the real-world relevance of engineering.
评估的核心技能包括精确的测量和标记、安全使用工具、清晰的电路组装和全面的评估。使用 WJEC 风格的成功标准提供反馈，帮助你了解自己的优势和目标。这一动手实践经验为未来的 STEM 挑战建立了信心，并强化了工程在现实世界中的相关性。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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