Year 7 WJEC Media Studies: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | 七年级 WJEC 媒体研究：暑期预习与衔接课程

📚 Year 7 WJEC Media Studies: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | 七年级 WJEC 媒体研究：暑期预习与衔接课程

Welcome to the exciting world of Media Studies. This bridging course is designed to help you make a smooth transition from primary school learning into the Year 7 WJEC Media Studies curriculum. You will explore the key ideas, skills, and vocabulary that underpin the subject, giving you a confident start in September. Media Studies is about much more than watching films or scrolling through social feeds. It teaches you how to read the media critically, understand how messages are created, and become a creative producer yourself. Over the summer, you can work through these sections at your own pace, completing the activities to build a solid foundation.

欢迎来到激动人心的媒体研究世界。这门衔接课程旨在帮助你从小学学习平稳过渡到七年级 WJEC 媒体研究课程。你将探索构成这门学科的核心概念、技能和词汇，使你在九月份能够自信起步。媒体研究远不止于看电影或刷社交媒体动态。它教会你如何批判性地解读媒体，理解信息是如何被创造出来的，并让你自己成为一名富有创造力的制作者。在这个夏天，你可以按照自己的节奏学习以下各部分，完成活动以打下坚实基础。

1. What Is Media Studies? | 什么是媒体研究？

Media Studies is the subject that examines the content, history, and effects of various media, in particular mass media. The word ‘media’ is plural for ‘medium’, meaning a channel of communication. Media include television, film, radio, newspapers, magazines, music, video games, advertising, and the vast digital world of the internet and social media. In Year 7, you will learn to look beyond the surface of a YouTube video or a Instagram post and ask questions: Who made this? Why was it made? Who is it for? How does it try to grab my attention? You will start to see that every media text is constructed using a set of choices, and those choices shape our understanding of the world.

媒体研究是审视各种媒体（尤其是大众媒体）的内容、历史和影响的学科。“媒体”一词是“媒介”的复数形式，意指沟通渠道。媒体包括电视、电影、广播、报纸、杂志、音乐、电子游戏、广告以及互联网和社交媒体的广阔数字世界。在七年级，你将学会透过 YouTube 视频或 Instagram 帖子的表象进行观察，并提出问题：谁制作了它？为什么要制作它？它面向谁？它如何试图吸引我的注意力？你将开始发现，每一个媒体文本都是通过一系列选择构建起来的，而这些选择塑造了我们对世界的理解。

In WJEC Media Studies, the curriculum is organised around a framework of key concepts: media language, representation, audience, and institution or industry. You will use these ideas like lenses to analyse everything from a Netflix series poster to a TikTok trend. The subject is both academic and practical. You will write analytical essays and design your own media products, such as film posters, magazine covers, or short video sequences. This mix of theory and creativity makes Media Studies one of the most relevant and engaging subjects you can study in secondary school.

在 WJEC 媒体研究中，课程围绕一个关键概念框架组织：媒体语言、表征、受众和机构或产业。你将像使用透镜一样运用这些概念来分析从 Netflix 剧集海报到 TikTok 潮流的一切。这门学科既具有学术性又具有实践性。你将撰写分析性短文，并设计自己的媒体产品，例如电影海报、杂志封面或短视频片段。这种理论与创意的结合，使媒体研究成为你在中学阶段可以学习的最相关、最吸引人的科目之一。

2. Key Concept: Media Language | 核心概念：媒体语言

Media language is the toolbox that media producers use to communicate meaning. Just as writers use words and grammar, media creators use codes and conventions. Codes are the technical and symbolic elements that create meaning, such as camera shots, lighting, colour, sound, and editing. Conventions are the generally accepted ways of doing things in a particular media form. For example, a news broadcast has conventions like a presenter sitting behind a desk, a headline strapline, and dramatic music. If you see those elements together, your brain instantly recognises ‘this is the news’. Learning to identify and name these codes and conventions is the first step in becoming media literate.

媒体语言是媒体制作者用来传达意义的工具箱。就像作家使用词汇和语法一样，媒体创作者使用符码和惯例。符码是创造意义的技术性和象征性元素，例如镜头拍摄角度、灯光、色彩、声音和剪辑。惯例是在特定媒体形式中被普遍接受的做法。例如，新闻广播的惯例包括主持人坐在办公桌后、标题字幕条和戏剧性的音乐。如果你看到这些元素组合在一起，你的大脑会立刻识别出“这是在播新闻”。学会识别并命名这些符码和惯例，是成为具备媒体素养者的第一步。

3. Analysing Camera Work | 分析镜头运作

Camera work is one of the most powerful tools in moving image media. In Year 7, you will learn to describe shot types such as extreme long shot, long shot, mid-shot, close-up, and extreme close-up. Each shot type creates a different relationship between the viewer and the subject. A close-up on a character’s face can show emotion, while an extreme long shot can make the character look small and vulnerable in a vast landscape. Camera angles also carry meaning: a low-angle shot looking up at a character can make them seem powerful or threatening; a high-angle shot looking down can make them appear weak or insignificant.

镜头运作是动态影像媒体中最强大的工具之一。在七年级，你将学会描述各种景别，例如极远景、远景、中景、特写和极特写。每种景别都会在观众和主体之间建立不同的关系。对角色面部的特写可以展现情感，而极远景可以让角色在广阔的风景中显得渺小而脆弱。拍摄角度也承载着意义：从低角度仰拍一个角色，会让他们看起来强大或具有威胁性；从高角度俯拍则会让他们显得软弱或微不足道。

Movement is another key aspect. A pan is when the camera moves horizontally from left to right (or vice versa) from a fixed position. A tilt moves vertically. A tracking shot physically moves with the action, often on rails. A zoom lens changes the focal length to move closer or further from the subject without the camera itself moving. As you watch television or films over the summer, pay attention to these choices. Try pausing a scene and ask: Why did the director use this shot? What does it make me feel?

运动是另一个关键方面。横摇是指摄像机从固定位置从左向右水平移动（反之亦然）。纵摇是垂直移动。推轨镜头是摄像机随动作进行物理移动，通常在轨道上进行。变焦镜头改变焦距以拉近或拉远与主体的距离，而摄像机本身并不移动。当你在这个夏天观看电视或电影时，注意这些选择。尝试暂停一个场景并问：导演为什么使用这个镜头？它让我产生什么感觉？

4. Sound and Editing in Moving Image | 动态影像中的声音与剪辑

Sound is half the picture. In media studies, we distinguish between diegetic sound and non-diegetic sound. Diegetic sound is any noise whose source is visible on screen or implied to be present in the world of the film, such as characters talking, the sound of a car engine, or footsteps. Non-diegetic sound is added during post-production for the audience’s benefit only; the characters cannot hear it. Examples include the musical score, a voiceover narrator, and added sound effects like a dramatic boom. Understanding this difference helps you see how emotion and tension are built. A horror scene is far scarier with a low, rumbling soundtrack, even though that music does not exist in the fiction’s reality.

声音是画面的一半。在媒体研究中，我们区分剧情声音和非剧情声音。剧情声音是指声源在屏幕上可见或暗示存在于影片世界中的任何声音，例如角色说话、汽车引擎声或脚步声。非剧情声音是在后期制作中添加的，仅为了观众而存在；角色听不到它们。例子包括配乐、画外音旁白以及例如戏剧性的轰响等添加的音效。理解这种区别有助于你了解情感和张力是如何建立的。一个恐怖场景配上一段低沉隆隆的配乐会恐怖得多，尽管在虚构现实中并不存在这种音乐。

Editing refers to how shots are put together. The most common transition is the cut, an instant change from one shot to another. A fade to black can signal the end of a scene or a passage of time. The pace of editing affects mood: fast, short shots create excitement or chaos, while long takes where the camera holds on a single shot for a while can build suspense or allow the audience to soak in a setting. In your summer viewing, try counting the number of cuts in a 30-second action trailer compared to a quiet conversation scene.

剪辑指的是镜头如何组合在一起。最常见的转场是切，即从一个镜头瞬间切换到另一个镜头。淡入黑场可以标志一场戏的结束或时间的流逝。剪辑的节奏会影响情绪：快速、短促的镜头创作出兴奋或混乱感，而长镜头——摄像机长时间保持一个镜头——则可以建立悬疑或让观众沉浸于环境之中。在你夏季的观看中，尝试数一数一段 30 秒动作预告片中的切换次数，并与一段安静的对话场景进行比较。

5. Key Concept: Audience | 核心概念：受众

Every media product is made for someone. That ‘someone’ is the target audience. Media producers define their target audience using demographics such as age, gender, occupation, income, and education, as well as psychographics like interests, hobbies, and lifestyle. A company making a new cartoon series will target children aged 6–11 and their parents. A luxury car advertisement will target affluent adults aged 35–55. The choices the producer makes—from the fonts and colours used on a poster to the actors cast in a film—are all designed to appeal to that specific group.

每一个媒体产品都是为某个人而制作的。那个“某人”就是目标受众。媒体制作者使用人口统计学特征（如年龄、性别、职业、收入和教育程度）以及心理统计学特征（如兴趣、爱好和生活方式）来界定目标受众。制作新卡通系列的公司会以 6 至 11 岁的儿童及其父母为目标。豪华汽车广告则会以 35 至 55 岁的富裕成年人为目标。制作者做出的每一个选择——从海报上使用的字体和色彩，到电影中选用的演员——都是为了吸引那一特定群体。

As a media student, you also need to consider how audiences actually use and respond to media. The uses and gratifications theory suggests that audiences use media to fulfil needs: to be informed, to identify with characters, to socialise with friends, or to be entertained. When you scroll through TikTok, you might be seeking entertainment and a sense of connection. When your parents watch the evening news, they seek information. Recognising these needs will help you create media with purpose.

作为一名媒体学生，你还需要考虑受众实际上如何使用和回应媒体。使用与满足理论认为，受众使用媒体是为了满足需求：获取信息、认同角色、与朋友社交或获得娱乐。当你刷 TikTok 时，你可能是在寻求娱乐和一种联系感。当你的父母观看晚间新闻时，他们在寻求信息。认识到这些需求将有助你创作出有目的的媒体。

6. Key Concept: Representation | 核心概念：表征

Representation is about how media shows people, places, events, and ideas. The media does not present reality directly; it re-presents it. Every image, article, or video is a constructed version of the truth, edited and shaped by the creator’s choices and cultural values. When you see a character in a TV drama, think about what aspects are emphasised. Are they portrayed as a hero or a villain? What does their costume, accent, or body language suggest about their personality? Media representations can reinforce stereotypes, which are simplified and often exaggerated ideas about a particular group of people.

表征是关于媒体如何呈现人物、地点、事件和观念的。媒体并不直接呈现现实；它再现现实。每一幅图像、每一篇文章或每一段视频都是真相的构建版本，由创作者的选择和文化价值观编辑和塑造。当你在电视剧中看到一个角色时，思考哪些方面被强调了。他们被描绘成英雄还是恶棍？他们的服装、口音或肢体语言暗示了他们怎样的性格？媒体表征可以强化刻板印象，即对特定人群的简化和往往被夸张化的观念。

Stereotypes are not always negative, but they can be limiting and harmful. For example, historically, action movies often stereotyped women as damsels in distress needing rescue by a male hero. In your analysis, you will learn to spot when stereotypes are being used and consider whether representations are fair, balanced, and diverse. A useful summer activity is to watch an episode of a family sitcom and list the different characters, noting how each is represented through visual and dialogue clues.

刻板印象并不总是负面的，但可能具有局限性和伤害性。例如，从历史上看，动作片常常将女性刻板地描绘成需要男性英雄搭救的困境少女。在你的分析中，你将学会发现刻板印象何时被使用，并思考表征是否公平、平衡和多样化。一个有用的夏季活动是观看一集家庭情景喜剧，列出不同的角色，并记下每个角色是如何通过视觉和对白线索被表征的。

7. Print Media and Advertising | 印刷媒体与广告

Print media includes newspapers, magazines, posters, and advertising. Even though we live in a digital age, the analysis of printed texts forms a huge part of the Year 7 WJEC course because the same principles apply to digital layouts. When you analyse a magazine cover or a film poster, you examine layout, colour palette, font choice, use of images, and the relationship between text and image. The masthead of a magazine—the title—is carefully designed in a distinctive font that becomes a brand. Cover lines, which are short teasers, tell you what articles are inside and are written to sell the edition.

印刷媒体包括报纸、杂志、海报和广告。尽管我们生活在数字时代，对印刷文本的分析仍构成七年级 WJEC 课程的很大一部分，因为相同的原则也适用于数字版面。当你分析一本杂志封面或一张电影海报时，你要审视版面布局、色彩搭配、字体选择、图像运用以及图文关系。杂志的报头——即标题——用一种别具特色的字体精心设计，成为一个品牌。封面文字即简短的引语，告诉你里面有哪些文章，并旨在促进当期销量的语言。

Advertising is everywhere. A successful advert grabs attention, holds interest, creates desire, and prompts action—often remembered by the acronym AIDA. Adverts use persuasive techniques such as slogans, celebrity endorsement, emotional appeal, and humour. Over the summer, collect a few print adverts or screenshots of online ads. For each one, annotate who the target audience is and what techniques are being used to persuade them. You’ll be amazed at how much thought goes into every pixel and word.

广告无处不在。一则成功的广告会抓住注意力、维持兴趣、创造欲望并促使行动——通常用首字母缩略词 AIDA 来记忆。广告运用说服技巧，例如口号、名人代言、情感诉求和幽默。在这个夏天，收集几则印刷广告或在线广告的截图。对于每一则，标注它的目标受众是谁，以及使用了哪些技巧来说服他们。你会惊讶地发现，每一个像素和文字背后都蕴含了多少心思。

8. Introduction to Media Institutions | 媒体机构入门

An institution in media terms is the organisation or company that creates and distributes media products. Think of the BBC, Disney, Netflix, or News Corporation. Institutions are important because they have their own values, target markets, and funding models that influence the type of media they produce. The BBC is a public service broadcaster funded by the licence fee, so its remit is to inform, educate, and entertain all audiences. Disney is a commercial conglomerate focused on family entertainment and profit. Understanding the institution behind a product helps you ask why certain creative decisions were made.

在媒体术语中，机构指创作和发行媒体产品的组织或公司。想想 BBC（英国广播公司）、迪士尼、Netflix 或新闻集团。机构之所以重要，是因为它们有自己的价值观、目标市场和资金模式，这些都会影响它们制作的媒体类型。BBC 是一家由执照费资助的公共服务广播机构，因此它的职责是向所有受众提供信息、教育和娱乐。迪士尼是一家专注于家庭娱乐和利润的商业集团。了解产品背后的机构有助于你追问为什么做出了某些创意决定。

In Year 7, you will also explore how media industries are regulated. In the UK, organisations like Ofcom (the Office of Communications) set rules about what can be shown on television and radio, including the watershed period after 9 p.m. when more adult content can be broadcast. The BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) gives age ratings to films. These regulatory frameworks exist to protect audiences, particularly young people. Discussing these rules with your family can be an excellent way to bring your learning to life.

在七年级，你还将探索媒体产业是如何被监管的。在英国，像 Ofcom（通信管理局）这样的组织制定了关于电视和广播可播出内容的规则，包括晚上 9 点之后的宵禁时段，此时可以播出更多成人内容。BBFC（英国电影分级委员会）为电影提供年龄评级。这些监管框架的存在是为了保护受众，特别是年轻人。与家人讨论这些规则，是让学习变得生动起来的绝佳方式。

9. Genre and Narrative | 类型与叙事

Genre is a French word meaning ‘type’ or ‘category’. Media products are grouped into genres based on shared conventions and expectations. Common film genres include horror, science fiction, comedy, action, and fantasy. Within a genre, you will find a repertoire of elements: typical characters, settings, narrative patterns, and visual styles. For example, a horror film might feature a dark, isolated house, a group of teenagers, and a monster or threat. Spotting these patterns helps audiences quickly know what kind of story they are experiencing. However, the most interesting media products often play with or subvert generic conventions—they surprise us by breaking the rules.

类型（Genre）是一个法语词，意为“类别”。媒体产品根据共享的惯例和期望被归入不同类型。常见的电影类型包括恐怖片、科幻片、喜剧片、动作片和奇幻片。在一个类型内部，你会发现一系列元素：典型角色、场景、叙事模式以及视觉风格。例如，一部恐怖片可能以一栋黑暗、孤立的房子、一群青少年以及一个怪物或威胁为特征。识别这些模式有助于观众迅速了解他们正在体验哪种故事。然而，最有趣的媒体产品往往玩弄或颠覆类型惯例——它们通过打破规则给我们带来惊喜。

Narrative is simply the story. Every media text that tells a story has a narrative structure. A classic Hollywood narrative follows a linear pattern: beginning (equilibrium), middle (disruption), and end (new equilibrium). The disruption is when something happens to upset the balance, and the rest of the story is about restoring order. Another important narrative theorist, Todorov, proposed this structure. Propp studied folk tales and found recurring character types such as the villain, the donor (who gives the hero something), the helper, the princess, and the false hero. These roles are still found in countless films and video games today. As a summer task, take a favourite film and map its characters onto Propp’s roles and its story onto the equilibrium—disruption—resolution structure.

叙事简单来说就是故事。每一个讲述故事的媒体文本都有一个叙事结构。经典的好莱坞叙事遵循线性模式：开始（平衡）、中间（破坏）和结局（新平衡）。破坏是指发生了一些事情打破了平衡，而故事的其余部分则是关于恢复秩序。另一位重要的叙事理论家托多罗夫提出了这一结构。普洛普研究了民间故事，发现了反复出现的角色类型，如反派、捐赠者（给予英雄某物的人）、助手、公主和伪英雄。这些角色至今仍然出现在无数电影和电子游戏中。作为一项暑期任务，选取一部你最喜爱的电影，将其中的人物对应到普洛普的角色上，并将故事对应到平衡—破坏—解决的结构上。

10. Moving from Analysis to Creation | 从分析走向创作

One of the best parts of Media Studies is the practical production work. The WJEC course will give you opportunities to create your own media using the same concepts you have learned for analysis. You might be asked to design the front cover of a magazine for a specific target audience, storyboard a 30-second television advertisement, or film and edit a short sequence using your phone. The production process mirrors real-world media practices. It usually involves stages: research and planning, drafting, producing the final outcome, and evaluating what worked and what could be improved.

媒体研究最精彩的部分之一就是实践制作工作。WJEC 课程将给予你机会，运用你所学到的用于分析的那些相同概念来创作你自己的媒体。你可能会被要求为特定目标受众设计杂志封面、为一则 30 秒的电视广告绘制故事板，或者使用你的手机拍摄并剪辑一个短片片段。制作过程模仿了真实的媒体实践。它通常包括几个阶段：研究与规划、草稿、制作最终成果，以及评估哪些方面有效、哪些方面可以改进。

Technology is your friend for these projects. Free software tools like Canva for graphic design, iMovie or CapCut for video editing, and Audacity for audio recording are all excellent. However, technology is secondary to ideas. The most important thing is to have a clear media language plan: define your target audience, choose appropriate codes and conventions, and craft a representation that suits your purpose. Start a summer scrapbook of creative ideas. Whenever you see an advert or a thumbnail you find clever, save it and write a note about why it works. This will become a valuable resource when you start your own projects.

科技是这些项目的好帮手。像 Canva 这样的免费图形设计软件、iMovie 或剪映（CapCut）这样的视频编辑软件，以及 Audacity 这样的音频录制软件，都非常出色。然而，技术是次于创意的。最重要的是要有一个清晰的媒体语言计划：界定你的目标受众，选择合适的符码和惯例，并创作出符合你目的的表征。从夏天开始，建立一个创意剪贴簿。每当你看到觉得聪明的广告或缩略图时，就把它保存下来，并写下它为什么有效的笔记。这将在你开始自己的项目时成为宝贵的资源。

11. Media Literacy and Staying Safe Online | 媒体素养与网络安全

Media Studies empowers you with critical thinking skills that are essential for navigating the digital world safely. Media literacy is the ability to access, analyse, evaluate, and create media in a variety of forms. A media-literate person understands that online information is not neutral. News can be fake, images can be digitally manipulated, and influencers often promote products because they are paid to do so. Learning to question sources, check the credibility of what you see, and distinguish fact from opinion is a lifelong skill that begins in Year 7.

媒体研究赋予你批判性思维技能，这对于安全地畅游数字世界至关重要。媒体素养是指以多种形式获取、分析、评估和创造媒体的能力。一个具备媒体素养的人理解在线信息并非中立。新闻可能是假的，图像可能经过数字处理，而网红们推销产品往往是因为他们收了报酬。学会质疑消息来源，核实所见内容的可信度，并区分事实与观点，是一项从七年级开始的终身技能。

This also ties into staying safe online. You will discuss how social media platforms are designed to hold your attention, how algorithms shape your feed, and why you should keep personal information private. Understanding that you are both a consumer and a producer of media content—and that what you post creates your own digital footprint—is a vital part of becoming a responsible digital citizen. Talk to your parents or carers about the media you consume and share your developing insights. They might learn something from you too.

这也与保持网络安全息息相关。你将讨论社交媒体平台是如何被设计来吸引你的注意力的，算法如何塑造你的信息流，以及为什么你应保持个人信息私密。理解你既是媒体内容的消费者也是生产者——并且你发布的内容会创造你自己的数字足迹——是成为负责任的数字公民的关键部分。与你的父母或监护人谈谈你所消费的媒体，并分享你日益增长的见解。他们也可能从你身上学到一些东西。

12. Your Summer Media Journal: A Bridging Task | 你的夏季媒体日记：衔接任务

To prepare fully for the start of Year 7 Media Studies, the best thing you can do is to start keeping a Media Journal. Buy a cheap notebook and designate it as your summer media diary. Every day for two weeks (you decide the period), write an entry about any media you have consumed that day. It could be a film, a YouTube video, a billboard, a video game, a news headline, or even a cereal box. For each entry, attempt to answer the five key questions we have explored:

为了全面准备七年级媒体研究的开始，你能做的最好的事情就是开始记一本媒体日记。买一本便宜的笔记本，指定它为你的夏季媒体日记。在两周的时间里（时间段由你决定），每天写一篇日记，记录你当天消费的任何媒体。可以是一部电影、一段 YouTube 视频、一块广告牌、一款电子游戏、一条新闻标题，甚至是一个麦片盒。对于每则日记，尝试回答我们已探讨过的五个关键问题：

Who made it? (Institution)
How does it use media language? (Camera, colour, sound, etc.)
Who is the target audience, and how does it appeal to them?
What representation of people or places is being offered?
What is the story or message? (Narrative)

谁制作了它？（机构）
它如何运用媒体语言？（镜头、色彩、声音等）
谁是目标受众，它如何吸引他们？
它提供了对人或地方的什么表征？
故事或信息是什么？（叙事）

Don’t worry about writing perfectly. The aim is to get you thinking like a media student, noticing the constructed nature of everything you see. When you arrive in your first Media Studies lesson, you will already have a head full of observations and your journal to share. Your teacher will be impressed by your curiosity and your ability to use key terms. Welcome to the subject that will change the way you see the world forever.

不必担心写得完美。目的是让你像一名媒体学生一样思考，注意到你所看到的一切的构建性本质。当你进入第一节媒体研究课时，你已经有了满脑子的观察和你的日记可以分享。你的老师会为你的好奇心和运用关键术语的能力印象深刻。欢迎来到这门将永远改变你看待世界方式的学科。

Published by TutorHao | Media Studies Revision Series | aleveler.com

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Year 7 WJEC Media Studies: Summer Preparation and Bridging Course | 七年级 WJEC 媒体研究：暑期预习与衔接课程