Year 7 WJEC Psychology: Key Points for Experiment/Practical Assessment | WJEC 7年级心理学：实验/实践考核要点

📚 Year 7 WJEC Psychology: Key Points for Experiment/Practical Assessment | WJEC 7年级心理学：实验/实践考核要点

In Year 7 WJEC Psychology, you start exploring how psychologists understand human behaviour through experiments and practical activities. This assessment focuses on your ability to design, carry out, and evaluate simple investigations. You need to know the key terms, how to identify variables, choose a design, handle ethics, and present your findings clearly. This guide walks you through the essential points you will need for your practical assessment.

在WJEC 7年级心理学中，你开始探索心理学家如何通过实验和实践活动来理解人类行为。这项考核重点考察你设计、实施和评价简单研究的能力。你需要了解关键术语，知道如何识别变量、选择实验设计、处理伦理问题并清晰地呈现你的发现。本指南将带你梳理实践考核所必需的要点。

1. What is a Psychology Experiment? | 什么是心理学实验？

An experiment is a research method where a psychologist changes one factor (the independent variable) to see if it affects another factor (the dependent variable), while keeping everything else the same. For example, you might test whether listening to music affects how well you remember a list of words.

实验是一种研究方法，心理学家改变一个因素（自变量）以观察它是否影响另一个因素（因变量），同时保持其他所有条件不变。例如，你可以测试听音乐是否会影响你对单词表的记忆效果。

In a practical assessment, you will often be asked to plan and carry out a simple experiment like the ‘Stroop test’ or a memory task. The key is that you must have a clear aim and a way to measure your results.

在实践考核中，你经常会被要求计划并实施一个简单的实验，如“斯特鲁普测验”或记忆任务。关键是你必须有一个明确的目的和衡量结果的方法。

2. Identifying Variables | 识别变量

Every experiment has at least two main variables: the independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV). The IV is the factor that you change or manipulate. The DV is the factor that you measure – it is the outcome that depends on the IV.

每个实验至少有两个主要变量：自变量（IV）和因变量（DV）。自变量是你改变或操纵的因素。因变量是你测量的因素——它是取决于自变量的结果。

For example, if you are testing whether the time of day affects reaction time, the IV is the time of day (morning vs afternoon) and the DV is the reaction time measured in seconds.

例如，如果你在测试一天中的时间是否影响反应时间，自变量就是时间（早上 vs 下午），因变量就是以秒为单位测量的反应时间。

You also need to think about extraneous variables – things that could affect the DV if you don’t control them, like background noise or participants’ tiredness. In an assessment, you should be able to spot these and suggest how to keep them constant.

你还需要考虑额外变量——如果不加以控制，它们可能会影响因变量，比如背景噪音或参与者的疲劳程度。在考核中，你应该能够发现这些因素，并建议如何让它们保持恒定。

3. Formulating a Hypothesis | 提出假设

A hypothesis is a testable prediction about the relationship between the IV and the DV. In Year 7, you will usually write a simple directional hypothesis, such as ‘Participants will remember fewer words when listening to music than in silence’.

假设是关于自变量和因变量之间关系的一个可检验的预测。在7年级，你通常要写出一个简单的方向性假设，例如“参与者在听音乐时记住的单词会比安静状态下少”。

Make sure your hypothesis includes both variables and states clearly what you think will happen. It should not be a question; it is a statement you can test.

确保你的假设包含两个变量，并清楚地陈述你认为会发生什么。它不应该是问句；它是一个你可以检验的陈述句。

4. Controlling Variables and Standardisation | 控制变量与标准化

To make an experiment fair, you must keep all other variables constant. This is called control. For instance, if you are testing memory, you should use the same list of words for all participants, give the same amount of time, and test them in the same room.

为了使实验公平，你必须保持其他所有变量不变。这叫做控制。例如，如果你在测试记忆力，你应该对所有参与者使用同样的单词表、给予相同的时间，并在同一个房间进行测试。

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