📚 Year 7 CAIE Engineering: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 7 CAIE 工程：词汇术语速记指南
Mastering engineering starts with the right words. This guide breaks down key Year 7 CAIE Engineering terms into bite-sized explanations and memory tricks. Each section pairs essential vocabulary with clear bilingual notes so you can build a solid foundation with ease.
掌握工程学从正确的词汇开始。本指南将七年级 CAIE 工程学的关键术语拆解成易消化的解释与记忆窍门。每个部分都用清晰的双语注释对核心词汇进行配对，帮助你轻松打下坚实基础。
1. Forces and Motion | 力与运动
A force is a push or a pull that can make an object start moving, stop, or change direction.
力是一种推或拉，能让物体开始运动、停下或改变方向。
Motion tells us how an object’s position changes compared to a fixed point over time.
运动描述物体相对于固定点随时间的位置变化。
Speed is how fast something travels. Speed = distance ÷ time.
速度是物体移动的快慢。速度 = 距离 ÷ 时间。
Friction is a force that resists sliding motion between two surfaces in contact.
摩擦力是抵抗两个接触面之间滑动的力。
Gravity pulls all objects with mass towards the centre of the Earth. Its strength is called weight.
重力将所有有质量的物体拉向地心，其大小称为重量。
Speed (s) = d / t
Memory tip: Think of friction as ‘grippy hands’ that slow things down, and speed as ‘distance per tick’.
记忆技巧：把摩擦力想象成减慢物体的“抓抓手”，速度是“每嘀嗒走的距离”。
2. Structures and Loads | 结构与载荷
A structure is a designed arrangement of parts that supports loads and resists forces.
结构是经过设计的部件组合，用来支撑载荷并抵抗外力。
A load is a force applied to a structure; it can be static (steady) or dynamic (changing).
载荷是施加在结构上的力，可以是静态的（稳定的）或动态的（变化的）。
Tension pulls materials apart, like a cable in a suspension bridge.
张力将材料向两边拉，就像悬索桥中的缆绳。
Compression pushes materials together, like a column under a roof.
压力将材料向内挤压，就像屋顶下的柱子。
Torsion twists a component around its axis, like a screwdriver turning a screw.
扭转力使构件绕轴线扭曲，如螺丝刀转动螺丝。
Bending combines tension on one side and compression on the other, as in a beam.
弯曲使一侧受拉、另一侧受压，就像横梁受力一样。
3. Materials and Properties | 材料与特性
A material is any substance used to build. Engineers choose materials by their properties.
材料是用于建造的任何物质。工程师根据材料的特性进行选择。
Strength measures how well a material resists breaking under load.
强度衡量材料在载荷下抵抗断裂的能力。
Stiffness tells you how much a material bends or stretches under a given force.
刚度说明材料在给定力下弯曲或拉伸的程度。
Hardness is resistance to surface indentation or scratching. Diamond is very hard.
硬度是抵抗表面压入或刮擦的能力。金刚石非常硬。
Ductility means a material can be drawn into wires without breaking, like copper.
延展性指材料能被拉成丝而不断裂，例如铜。
Conductivity shows how easily heat or electricity flows through a material.
导电/导热性表示热或电通过材料的难易程度。
4. Simple Machines | 简单机械
A lever is a rigid bar that pivots on a fulcrum to lift a load with less effort.
杠杆是一根刚性杆，绕支点转动，能以较小的力举起负载。
A pulley uses a grooved wheel and rope to change the direction of a force or gain mechanical advantage.
滑轮利用带槽的轮子和绳索来改变力的方向或获得机械效益。
An inclined plane is a flat surface set at an angle; it reduces the force needed to raise an object.
斜面是倾斜的平面，能减少举起物体所需的力。
The wheel and axle consist of a large wheel fixed to a smaller axle; turning one turns the other.
轮轴由一个大轮和固定的小轴组成，转动一个就会带动另一个。
A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder, converting rotary motion into linear motion.
螺旋是缠绕在圆柱体上的斜面，将转动转换为直线运动。
Mechanical advantage is the ratio of output force to input force; a higher ratio means less effort needed.
机械效益是输出力与输入力的比值，比值越高意味着越省力。
5. Measurement and Units | 测量与单位
Engineers use SI units: length in metres (m), mass in kilograms (kg), time in seconds (s).
工程师使用国际单位制：长度用米 (m)，质量用千克 (kg)，时间用秒 (s)。
Force is measured in newtons (N); 1 N is the force needed to accelerate 1 kg at 1 m/s².
力以牛顿 (N) 为单位；1 N 是使 1 kg 物体以 1 m/s² 加速所需的力。
Area = length × width, in square metres (m²).
面积 = 长 × 宽，单位是平方米 (m²)。
Volume = length × width × height, in cubic metres (m³).
体积 = 长 × 宽 × 高，单位是立方米 (m³)。
Density = mass ÷ volume (kg/m³); it tells how tightly packed matter is.
密度 = 质量 ÷ 体积 (kg/m³)；它表示物质的密集程度。
Always check zero error on measuring instruments before recording readings.
读取读数前，一定要检查测量仪器的零位误差。
6. Energy and Power | 能量与功率
Energy is the ability to do work. It exists in many forms: kinetic, potential, thermal, electrical.
能量是做功的本领，以多种形式存在：动能、势能、热能、电能。
Kinetic energy is the energy of motion; the faster something moves, the more kinetic energy it has.
动能是运动的能量；物体移动得越快，动能越大。
Gravitational potential energy is stored energy due to an object’s height above the ground.
重力势能是由于物体离地高度而储存的能量。
Work is done when a force moves an object: Work = force × distance (J).
当力使物体移动时就做了功：功 = 力 × 距离 (焦耳)。
Power is the rate of doing work: Power = work ÷ time, measured in watts (W).
功率是做功的快慢：功率 = 功 ÷ 时间，以瓦特 (W) 为单位。
Efficiency compares useful output energy to total input energy; no machine is 100% efficient.
效率比较有用的输出能量与总输入能量；没有机器能达到 100% 的效率。
7. Mechanical Components | 机械部件
A gear is a toothed wheel that meshes with another gear to transmit torque and change speed or direction.
齿轮是一种带齿的轮子，与另一个齿轮啮合以传递扭矩并改变速度或方向。
A cam is a shaped disc or cylinder that converts rotary motion into a follower’s linear motion.
凸轮是特殊形状的圆盘或圆柱，将转动转化为从动件的直线运动。
A crank is an arm attached at a right angle to a rotating shaft; it changes circular motion into reciprocating motion.
曲柄是一个与转轴垂直相连的臂，将圆周运动转变为往复运动。
A slider moves back and forth inside a guide; combined with a crank, it forms a slider-crank mechanism.
滑块在导槽内来回移动，与曲柄组合形成曲柄滑块机构。
A linkage is a series of rigid links connected by joints to transmit force and motion.
连杆机构是由铰链连接的一系列刚性杆，用于传递力和运动。
Bearings reduce friction between moving parts and support rotating shafts.
轴承减少运动部件间的摩擦，并支撑旋转轴。
8. Electronics Basics | 基础电子
A circuit is a closed loop through which electric current can flow, powered by a cell or battery.
电路是一个闭合回路，电流可以在电池供电下流过。
Voltage (V) is the push that drives current around a circuit, measured in volts.
电压 (V) 是推动电流在电路中流动的“推力”，单位是伏特。
Current (I) is the flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A).
电流 (I) 是电荷的流动，单位是安培 (A)。
Resistance (R) opposes current; it is measured in ohms (Ω).
电阻 (R) 阻碍电流，单位是欧姆 (Ω)。
An LED (Light Emitting Diode) glows when current passes through it in the correct direction.
LED（发光二极管）在有正确方向电流通过时会发光。
A switch opens or closes a circuit; series circuits have one path, parallel circuits have branches.
开关用于接通或断开电路；串联电路只有一条路径，并联电路有多条分支。
9. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺
Cutting removes material using tools like saws, shears or laser cutters to shape a workpiece.
切削用锯、剪或激光切割机等工具去除材料，使工件成形。
Drilling creates round holes using a rotating drill bit pressed against the material.
钻孔用旋转的钻头压在材料上加工出圆孔。
Joining connects parts together: methods include welding, soldering, gluing and bolting.
连接将零件组合在一起，常见方法有焊接、锡焊、粘接和螺栓连接。
Forming shapes materials without removing material, such as bending, stamping or casting.
成形在不切削材料的情况下改变形状，例如弯曲、冲压或铸造。
Casting pours molten material into a mould; when it solidifies, the part takes the mould’s shape.
铸造将熔融材料倒入模具，冷却凝固后零件就具有模具的形状。
Finishing processes, like sanding or painting, improve surface quality and protect against corrosion.
精加工工艺如打磨或喷漆，可改善表面质量并防止腐蚀。
10. Design and Drawing | 设计与绘图
Orthographic projection shows a 3D object through 2D views: front, top and side.
正投影图通过二维视图（前视、俯视、侧视）来表达三维物体。
Isometric drawing uses 30˚ angles to create a 3D-like view on 2D paper.
等轴测图利用 30 度角在二维纸上呈现类似三维的视图。
Scale reduces or enlarges a drawing proportionally; e.g. 1:2 means half actual size.
比例将图纸按比例缩小或放大，如 1:2 表示实际尺寸的一半。
Dimension lines show the exact size and location of features; always include units.
尺寸线标明特征的确切大小和位置，一定要标注单位。
CAD (Computer-Aided Design) allows engineers to create, modify and test designs digitally.
CAD（计算机辅助设计）让工程师能以数字方式创建、修改和测试设计。
Always check grid alignment and line weights to make drawings clear and readable.
务必检查网格对齐和线型粗细，使图纸清晰易读。
11. Safety Terminology | 安全术语
A hazard is anything with the potential to cause harm, like sharp edges or hot surfaces.
危险源是任何可能造成伤害的事物，如锐边或热表面。
Risk is the likelihood that a hazard will actually cause harm, combined with severity.
风险是危险源实际造成伤害的可能性与严重程度的结合。
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) includes safety glasses, gloves, aprons and steel-toe boots.
PPE（个人防护装备）包括安全眼镜、手套、围裙和钢头靴。
Guards are barriers that shield users from moving parts; never remove a guard while a machine is running.
护罩是保护使用者远离运动部件的屏障；机器运转时绝对不要卸下护罩。
Emergency stop buttons immediately cut power; know their location in every workshop.
急停按钮能立即切断电源；在每个车间都要知道它们的位置。
Always tie back long hair, remove dangling jewellery and roll up sleeves before working.
操作前一定要扎起长发、摘掉垂挂的首饰并卷起袖子。
12. Revision Tips and Mnemonics | 复习技巧与记忆法
Create flashcards: write the term on one side and its definition with a sketch on the other.
制作闪卡：一面写术语，另一面写定义并配上简图。
Use the ‘FASST’ mnemonic for material properties: (F)orce resistance, (A)esthetics, (S)trength, (S)tiffness, (T)oughness.
用“FASST”记忆材料特性：Force（受力）、Aesthetics（美观）、Strength（强度）、Stiffness（刚度）、Toughness（韧性）。
Link new words to real objects: ‘lever’ with a seesaw, ‘compression’ with a spring being pressed.
把新词汇与实物联系起来：将“杠杆”与跷跷板联系，“压缩”与被按压的弹簧联系。
Teach someone else the terms – explaining out loud solidifies memory.
把术语教给别人——大声解释能巩固记忆。
Draw simple diagrams next to each definition; visual memory is powerful in engineering.
在每个定义旁画简单的示意图；工程学中视觉记忆非常强大。
Review regularly: a quick five-minute recap each day beats a long cramming session.
定期复习：每天五分钟快速回顾，效果远胜长时间突击。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
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