Year 7 CAIE Music: A Quick Guide to Vocabulary and Terms | Year 7 CAIE 音乐：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 7 CAIE Music: A Quick Guide to Vocabulary and Terms | Year 7 CAIE 音乐：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering music vocabulary is the first step towards becoming a confident performer, composer, and listener. This guide breaks down the essential terms you will encounter in CAIE Year 7 Music, with memory tricks and clear explanations for every concept. Remember that consistent revision of these words will help you analyse pieces more accurately and communicate your musical ideas effectively.

掌握音乐词汇是成为自信的演奏者、作曲者和聆听者的第一步。本指南梳理了你在CAIE Year 7音乐课程中将遇到的核心术语，每个概念都配有清晰的解释和记忆窍门。请记住，持续复习这些词汇将帮助你更准确地分析作品，并有效地传达自己的音乐想法。

1. Notes and Rest Values | 音符与休止符时值

In music, the length of a sound is shown by a note, and the length of silence is shown by a rest. For Year 7, you need to know the semibreve (whole note), minim (half note), crotchet (quarter note), quaver (eighth note), and semiquaver (sixteenth note). A useful trick is to imagine a pizza: a semibreve is the whole pizza, a minim is half, and so on.

在音乐中，声音的长度用音符表示，休止符表示无声的长度。Year 7需要掌握全音符（semibreve）、二分音符（minim）、四分音符（crotchet）、八分音符（quaver）和十六分音符（semiquaver）。一个实用的窍门是想象一个披萨：全音符是整个披萨，二分音符是半个，以此类推。

English name	Note symbol	Rest symbol	Relative value
Semibreve	𝅝	𝄻	4 beats
Minim	𝅗𝅥	𝄼	2 beats
Crotchet	𝅘𝅥	𝄽	1 beat
Quaver	𝅘𝅥𝅮	𝄾	½ beat
Semiquaver	𝅘𝅥𝅯	𝄿	¼ beat

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2. Pitch and the Stave | 音高与五线谱

The stave (or staff) consists of five lines and four spaces. Notes placed higher on the stave sound higher in pitch. We use a clef to fix the pitch of the lines: the treble clef (𝄞) is for higher-sounding instruments like the flute and violin, and the bass clef (𝄢) is for lower instruments like the cello and trombone. A mnemonic for the treble clef lines is ‘Every Good Boy Deserves Football’ (E, G, B, D, F), and for spaces ‘FACE’.

五线谱由五条线和四个间组成。音符在谱上的位置越高，音高也越高。我们使用谱号来固定各线的音高：高音谱号（𝄞）用于长笛、小提琴等较高音域的乐器，低音谱号（𝄢）用于大提琴、长号等较低音乐器。记忆高音谱号各线上音符的顺口溜是’Every Good Boy Deserves Football’（E, G, B, D, F），各间的音符是’FACE’。

In the bass clef, the line notes can be remembered with ‘Great Big Dragons Fly Around’ (G, B, D, F, A), and the spaces with ‘All Cows Eat Grass’ (A, C, E, G). Being able to quickly name notes in both clefs is a vital skill for reading and writing music.

在低音谱号中，线上的音可以用’Great Big Dragons Fly Around’（G, B, D, F, A）来记忆，各间的音是’All Cows Eat Grass’（A, C, E, G）。快速识读两种谱号上的音符是读谱和写谱的重要技能。

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3. Dynamics: How Loud or Soft | 力度记号：强与弱

Dynamics tell performers how loudly or softly to play. The most common Italian terms are piano (p) for soft and forte (f) for loud. By adding mezzo (m) we get medium soft (mp) and medium loud (mf). Getting very quiet requires pianissimo (pp), and very loud is fortissimo (ff). A gradual increase in volume is called a crescendo (cresc.), and a gradual decrease is a diminuendo (dim.) or decrescendo.

力度记号告诉演奏者该多强或多弱地演奏。最常见的意大利术语是piano（p）表示弱，forte（f）表示强。加上mezzo（m）得到中弱（mp）和中强（mf）。更弱是pianissimo（pp），更强是fortissimo（ff）。渐强称为crescendo（cresc.），渐弱称为diminuendo（dim.）或decrescendo。

Imagine dynamics as a staircase: pp at the bottom, p, mp, mf, f, and ff at the top. Linking the terms to English words helps: piano sounds like ‘soft and peaceful’, while forte sounds like ‘force’. Examiners often ask you to identify dynamic changes in a short extract, so practise drawing the hairpin symbols on your scores.

可以把力度想象成阶梯：最下面是pp，依次是p、mp、mf、f，最上面是ff。把这些术语和英语联系起来也很有用：piano听起来像’peaceful’（平和），forte则与’force’（力量）相关。考官经常要求你在一段短小的谱例中辨认力度变化，因此练习在乐谱上画出渐强和渐弱的发卡形记号会很有帮助。

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4. Tempo: The Speed of the Beat | 速度：节拍的快慢

Tempo describes the speed of the underlying pulse in a piece. It is usually written in Italian at the start of the score. Very slow tempos include Largo (broad and slow) and Adagio (slow and stately). Andante means at a walking pace, Moderato is moderate, Allegro is fast and lively, and Presto is very fast. A metronome marking, such as ♩ = 120, tells you exactly the number of crotchet beats per minute.

速度描述了一首作品节拍脉动的快慢。它通常用意大利语写在乐谱开头。非常慢的速度包括Largo（宽广缓慢）和Adagio（慢而庄严）。Andante意为行板，像走路的速度，Moderato是中板，Allegro是快板，活泼的，Presto是急板，非常快。节拍器标记，如♩=120，准确告诉你每分钟四分音符的拍数。

Changes in tempo are also important. Accelerando (accel.) means gradually getting faster, while Ritardando (rit.) or Rallentando (rall.) means gradually slowing down. To remember the difference, think: ‘accelerate’ for accelerando, and ‘rit.’ sounds like ‘relax’ — slow down. A tempo marking tells the performer to return to the original speed after a tempo change.

速度的变化也很重要。Accelerando（accel.）表示逐渐加快，而Ritardando（rit.）或Rallentando（rall.）表示逐渐放慢。为了区分它们，可以联想：accelerando就像英语的’accelerate’（加速），而’rit.’听起来有点像’relax’（放松）——放慢下来。a tempo标记则告诉演奏者在速度变化后回到原速。

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5. Key Signatures and the Circle of Fifths | 调号与五度循环圈

A key signature is a group of sharps (♯) or flats (♭) found at the beginning of every stave, which tells you which notes are consistently raised or lowered. The order of sharps is F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯, and the order of flats is the reverse: B♭, E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, C♭, F♭. Use the mnemonic ‘Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle’ for sharps and ‘Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles’ Father’ for flats.

调号是出现在每一行五线谱开头的一组升号（♯）或降号（♭），它告诉你哪些音符需要持续升高或降低半音。升号的出现顺序是F♯、C♯、G♯、D♯、A♯、E♯、B♯，降号的顺序与之相反：B♭、E♭、A♭、D♭、G♭、C♭、F♭。可以用顺口溜’Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle’来记升号顺序，降号用逆序版’Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles’ Father’。

For Year 7, you will work with keys up to two sharps or two flats: G major (1 sharp: F♯), D major (2 sharps: F♯, C♯); F major (1 flat: B♭), and B♭ major (2 flats: B♭, E♭). To find the relative minor key, go down three semitones from the major tonic. For example, the relative minor of G major is E minor. This relationship helps you understand the mood of a piece.

在Year 7中，你会学习到两个升号或两个降号之内的调性：G大调（1个升号：F♯），D大调（2个升号：F♯, C♯）；F大调（1个降号：B♭），B♭大调（2个降号：B♭, E♭）。要找到关系小调，从大调主音向下数三个半音。比如，G大调的关系小调是E小调。掌握这一关系有助于你理解作品的色彩和情绪。

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6. Intervals: The Distance Between Notes | 音程：音符之间的距离

An interval is the difference in pitch between two notes. Intervals are named with a number (2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc.) and a quality (major, minor, perfect). In Year 7, focus on recognising steps and leaps: a step (2nd) moves to the neighbouring note, while a leap (3rd or larger) skips at least one note. Perfect intervals include the unison, 4th, 5th, and octave, and they sound very stable and hollow.

音程是两个音之间的音高差距。音程由数字（二度、三度、四度等）和性质（大、小、纯）来命名。Year 7重点认识级进和跳进：级进（二度）移动到相邻的音，而跳进（三度或更大）至少跳过一个音。纯音程包括同度、四度、五度和八度，它们听起来非常稳定和空旷。

A quick way to identify an interval is to count how many letter names are involved, including both the starting and ending notes. For example, C to E is a 3rd (C-D-E). Listening practice is just as important: a Perfect 5th sounds like the opening of ‘Twinkle Twinkle Little Star’, and a Major 3rd can be heard in ‘Kum-ba-yah’. These songs help your ear training.

快速识别音程的方法是数出包含起始音、结束音在内的音名字母个数。例如，C到E是三度（C-D-E）。听力练习同样重要：纯五度听起来像’一闪一闪亮晶晶’的开头，大三度可以在’来吧来吧’（Kum-ba-yah）中听到。这些歌曲能帮助训练你的耳朵。

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7. Chords and Harmony | 和弦与和声

A chord is two or more notes sounded together. The most common chord is a triad, which has three notes stacked in thirds: the root, the third, and the fifth. In major keys, the primary triads are built on the 1st (tonic, I), 4th (subdominant, IV), and 5th (dominant, V) degrees of the scale. For example, in C major, the tonic chord is C-E-G, the subdominant is F-A-C, and the dominant is G-B-D.

和弦是两个或更多音一起发响的结合。最常见的和弦是三和弦，由根音、三音和五音三个音按三度叠置而成。在大调中，最重要的三个和弦是第I级（主和弦）、第IV级（下属和弦）和第V级（属和弦）。例如在C大调中，主和弦是C-E-G，下属和弦是F-A-C，属和弦是G-B-D。

Cadences are the punctuation marks of music. A perfect cadence (V–I) sounds final and complete, like a full stop. An imperfect cadence (?–V) sounds unfinished, like a question. Practise recognising these two cadence types in simple chord progressions; your teacher will often play them for you to identify by ear.

终止式是音乐中的标点符号。正格终止（V–I）听起来完满、终止，就像一个句号。半终止（?–V）听起来未完待续，像一个问句。练习在简单的和弦进行中辨识这两种终止式——老师经常会在课堂上弹奏它们，让你通过听觉来辨认。

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8. Articulation and Expression | 演奏技法与表情

Articulation describes how individual notes are performed. Legato means smooth and connected, often indicated by a slur (a curved line over or under the notes). Staccato means short and detached, written as a small dot above or below the note head. Accent (>) means to stress a particular note, playing it with extra force. These markings transform a dull series of notes into a shaped musical phrase.

演奏技法描述各个音符如何被奏出。Legato表示圆滑连贯，通常用连线（音符上方或下方的弧线）标示。Staccato表示短促跳跃，在符头上下方加一个小圆点。重音(>)则表示强调某个音符，用额外的力度奏出。这些记号能把一串呆板的音符变成有形状的乐句。

Beyond articulation, expression terms give character to the music. Dolce means sweetly, cantabile in a singing style, and maestoso majestic. A phrase should always be played with a sense of direction, often rising towards a climax and then falling away. Think of a phrase as a musical sentence — it needs breathing and punctuation just like our speech.

在演奏技法之外，表情术语赋予音乐性格。Dolce意为甜美地，cantabile如歌地，maestoso庄严地。演奏乐句时始终要有方向感，常常是先扬起到高潮然后逐渐落下。把乐句想象成音乐中的句子——它和我们的语言一样需要呼吸和标点。

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9. Time Signatures and Metre | 拍号与节拍

A time signature appears at the beginning of a piece, right after the key signature. It consists of two numbers: the top number tells you how many beats are in each bar, and the bottom number tells you what type of note gets one beat. For example, 4/4 means four crotchet beats per bar; 3/4 means three crotchet beats; 2/4 means two crotchet beats. Simple time signatures have a main beat that divides into two equal parts (e.g. 4/4, 3/4, 2/4).

拍号出现在乐曲开头，紧接在调号之后。它由两个数字组成：上方数字告诉你每小节的拍数，下方数字告诉你以哪种音符为一拍。例如，4/4表示每小节有四拍，以四分音符为一拍；3/4是三拍；2/4是两拍。单拍子的主要拍子可以分成两个相等部分（如4/4、3/4、2/4）。

In Year 7, you also encounter compound time, where each beat divides into three equal parts. The most common compound time signatures are 6/8 (two dotted crotchet beats per bar), 9/8 (three), and 12/8 (four). Clap the rhythms while counting aloud: in 6/8, say ‘1-and-a 2-and-a’ to feel the two main beats.

Year 7也会接触到复拍子，此时每一拍分成三个相等部分。最常见的复拍子是6/8（每小节两个附点四分音符拍）、9/8（三拍）和12/8（四拍）。你可以边拍节奏边大声数拍：在6/8中，念’1-and-a 2-and-a’来感受那两拍主拍。

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10. Ornaments and Decoration | 装饰音与装饰法

Ornaments are extra notes added to a melody to make it more interesting. The trill (tr) is a rapid alternation between the written note and the note above. A mordent (a short squiggle) means to play the written note, the note above or below, and return quickly. The turn (sideways S shape) involves playing the note above, the written note, the note below, and the written note again.

装饰音是添加在旋律中的额外音符，使之更加生动。Trill（tr，颤音）是主音与其上方音快速交替演奏。Mordent（波音，短的波浪线记号）表示演奏主音、上方或下方邻音，然后迅速回到主音。Turn（回音，躺着的S形记号）涉及依次演奏上方音、主音、下方音和主音。

In the CAIE syllabus, you might not yet need to perform trills perfectly, but you should recognise their symbols on a score and understand how they affect the character of the music. When listening, ornaments often make a melody sound more decorated, playful, or expressive. Linking a symbol to its name quickly becomes automatic with flashcards and regular score-reading.

在CAIE大纲中，你可能暂时还不需要完美地奏出颤音，但应该能在乐谱上辨认它们的符号，并理解它们如何影响音乐的性格。在聆听时，装饰音常常让旋律听起来更华丽、俏皮或富有表现力。把符号和名称联系起来，通过抽认卡片和经常读谱，很快就能做到条件反射。

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11. Musical Form and Structure | 曲式与结构

Musical form describes how a piece is built from its sections. Binary form (AB) has two contrasting sections, each often repeated. Ternary form (ABA) has three sections, where the opening A section returns after a contrasting B section. Rondo form (ABACADA) has a recurring theme (A) alternating with different episodes. Recognising these structures helps you follow the journey of a piece and prepares you for analytical questions in the exam.

曲式描述了作品如何由各个段落构建而成。二段体（AB）有两个对比的乐段，每段常重复演奏。三段体（ABA）有三段，开头的A段在对比的B段之后返回。回旋曲式（ABACADA）有一个不断出现的主题（A），与不同的插部交替出现。识别这些结构有助于你跟随作品的音乐旅程，也为考试中的分析题做好准备。

Other terms to know are introduction, verse, chorus, bridge, and coda (tail). These are especially relevant in song forms. A coda gives a sense of closure, much like the final sentences of an essay. When you listen to music, try to draw a simple diagram labelling the sections you hear — this active listening will cement your understanding.

其他需要了解的术语还有引子、主歌、副歌、桥段和尾声（coda）。这些在歌曲形式中特别常见。尾声带来收束感，好比文章的结尾句。你在听音乐时，可以尝试画出简单的结构图示，标注出听到的各个段落——这种主动聆听会巩固你的理解。

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12. Instruments of the Orchestra | 管弦乐队乐器

Knowing the families of the orchestra helps you describe timbre and texture in listening tasks. The four main families are strings (violin, viola, cello, double bass, harp), woodwind (flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon), brass (trumpet, French horn, trombone, tuba), and percussion (timpani, cymbals, snare drum). Each family produces sound differently: strings by bowing or plucking, woodwinds by blowing across or into a reed, brass by buzzing lips, and percussion by striking.

了解管弦乐队中的乐器家族有助于你在聆听任务中描述音色和织体。四个主要家族是弦乐组（小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、低音提琴、竖琴）、木管组（长笛、单簧管、双簧管、大管）、铜管组（小号、圆号、长号、大号）和打击乐组（定音鼓、钹、小军鼓）。每个家族的发声方式不同：弦乐通过拉弓或拨弦，木管通过吹气过边棱或簧片，铜管通过嘴唇振动，打击乐通过敲击。

For Year 7, you should be able to identify the sound of at least one instrument from each family in a listening extract. Use adjectives like ‘bright’ for trumpet, ‘warm’ for cello, or ‘breathy’ for flute to build your descriptive vocabulary. Associating each instrument with a character or colour from a famous piece (e.g. the clarinet in Prokofiev’s ‘Peter and the Wolf’) is a powerful memory aid.

对于Year 7，你应该能够在听辨片段中认出每个家族中至少一件乐器的音色。使用形容词来丰富你的描述性词汇，比如小号的’嘹亮’，大提琴的’温暖’，长笛的’气息感’。将每件乐器与一部著名作品中的角色或色彩联系起来（例如普罗科菲耶夫《彼得与狼》中的单簧管），是非常有效的记忆手段。

Published by TutorHao | Music Revision Series | aleveler.com

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