📚 Year 8 Edexcel Chinese: Core Knowledge Review | Year 8 Edexcel 中文：核心知识点梳理
This article offers a complete overview of the essential knowledge points for Year 8 Edexcel Chinese. By consolidating key vocabulary, grammar rules, and cultural understandings, students can strengthen their Mandarin foundation and gain confidence for assessments.
本文全面梳理了 Year 8 Edexcel 中文课程的核心知识点。通过巩固重点词汇、语法规则和文化理解，学生能够夯实普通话基础，增强应对评估的信心。
1. Pinyin and Tones | 拼音与声调
Pinyin is the official romanisation system for Standard Chinese. It uses the Latin alphabet to represent sounds and is essential for learning pronunciation and typing Chinese characters.
拼音是标准汉语的官方罗马化系统，用拉丁字母表示语音，对学习发音和输入汉字至关重要。
There are four main tones plus a neutral tone. The first tone is high and level (a), the second tone rises (a), the third tone dips and rises (a), and the fourth tone falls sharply (a). A neutral tone is light and short without a tone mark.
共有四个主要声调和一个轻声。第一声高而平（ā），第二声上扬（á），第三声先降后升（ǎ），第四声急促下降（à）。轻声轻短，不标调号。
- First tone: ma (mother)
- 第二声：ma (hemp)
- Third tone: ma (horse)
- 第四声：ma (scold)
- Neutral tone: ma (question particle)
Incorrect tones can change meaning entirely, so regular listening and speaking practice is vital.
声调错误可能完全改变词义，因此规律性的听说练习至关重要。
2. Basic Strokes and Character Writing | 基本笔画与汉字书写
Chinese characters are built from a set of basic strokes. The main strokes include horizontal (heng), vertical (shu), left-falling (pie), right-falling (na), dot (dian), and hook (gou). Correct stroke order helps memorise characters and write them neatly.
汉字由一组基本笔画构成，主要笔画包括横、竖、撇、捺、点、钩。正确的笔顺有助于记忆汉字并写得工整。
Most characters are compounds of a semantic radical and a phonetic component. Recognising common radicals such as ‘mouth’ (kou) or ‘water’ (shui) can help guess meaning and look up words in a dictionary.
大多数汉字由表意的偏旁和表音的部分组合而成。识别如’口’、’氵’等常见偏旁，有助于推测含义和查字典。
Practice writing at least 5 characters a day and focus on balanced proportions within the imaginary square.
每天至少练习书写五个汉字，并注意在虚宫格内保持比例均衡。
3. Greetings and Self-introductions | 问候与自我介绍
Basic greetings form the cornerstone of social interaction. ‘Ni hao’ (hello), ‘Zao shang hao’ (good morning), ‘Xie xie’ (thank you), ‘Bu ke qi’ (you’re welcome), ‘Dui bu qi’ (sorry), and ‘Mei guan xi’ (it’s okay) are among the first phrases to master.
基本问候语是社交互动的基石。’你好’、’早上好’、’谢谢’、’不客气’、’对不起’、’没关系’是需要首先掌握的短语。
When introducing yourself, use ‘Wo jiao …’ (I am called …) or ‘Wo shi …’ (I am …). You can add your age with ‘Wo … sui’ and your nationality with ‘Wo shi … ren’.
自我介绍时，使用’我叫……’或’我是……’。可以用’我……岁’加上年龄，用’我是……人’表达国籍。
Example exchange: A: ‘Ni hao, wo jiao Tom. Ni jiao shenme mingzi?’ B: ‘Wo jiao Li Ming. Hen gao xing ren shi ni.’
对话示例：A：’你好，我叫Tom。你叫什么名字？’ B：’我叫李明。很高兴认识你。’
4. Numbers, Dates and Telling Time | 数字、日期与时间表达
Cardinal numbers from 0 to 100 are built systematically. Learn 0-10 first: ling, yi, er, san, si, wu, liu, qi, ba, jiu, shi. 11-19 use shi (ten) plus the unit: shi yi (11), shi er (12). Multiples of ten use the unit before shi: er shi (20), san shi (30). 100 is yi bai.
基数词0到100有规律地构成。先学0-10：零、一、二、三、四、五、六、七、八、九、十。11-19用十加个位数：十一、十二。整十用个位数在十前：二十、三十。100是一百。
For dates, the order is year, month, day: ‘nian’ (year), ‘yue’ (month), ‘hao’ (day). Weekdays use ‘xing qi’ plus number, with Monday as xing qi yi.
日期顺序为年、月、日：’年’、’月’、’号’或’日’。星期用’星期’加数字，星期一为星期一。
Time expression: ‘dian’ (o’clock) and ‘fen’ (minutes). Half past is ‘… dian ban’, a quarter past is ‘… dian yi ke’. The structure is ‘X dian Y fen’.
时间表达：’点’和’分’。半点为’……点半’，一刻为’……点一刻’。结构是’X点Y分’。
5. Family and Pets | 家庭与宠物
Family member vocabulary: ba ba (dad), ma ma (mum), ge ge (older brother), di di (younger brother), jie jie (older sister), mei mei (younger sister), ye ye (grandpa), nai nai (grandma). Use ‘you’ (to have) to say how many family members you have.
家庭成员词汇：爸爸、妈妈、哥哥、弟弟、姐姐、妹妹、爷爷、奶奶。用’有’表达有多少家庭成员。
To describe pets, common animals are gou (dog), mao (cat), jin yu (goldfish), tu zi (rabbit). The measure word for most animals is ‘zhi’.
描述宠物时，常见动物有狗、猫、金鱼、兔子。大多数动物的量词是’只’。
Example: ‘Wo jia you wu kou ren: ba ba, ma ma, jie jie, wo he wo de gou.’ (There are five people in my family: dad, mum, older sister, me and my dog.)
例如：’我家有五口人：爸爸、妈妈、姐姐、我和我的狗。’
6. School Life | 学校生活
School subject vocabulary: shu xue (Maths), ying yu (English), ke xue (Science), li shi (History), di li (Geography), ti yu (PE), yin yue (Music). The verb ‘xue xi’ (to study) or ‘shang ke’ (to have class) can be used.
学校科目词汇：数学、英语、科学、历史、地理、体育、音乐。动词可用’学习’或’上课’。
Classroom objects: shu (book), ben zi (notebook), qian bi (pencil), gang bi (pen), chi zi (ruler), xiang pi (eraser). Location words like ‘shang mian’ (on top), ‘xia mian’ (under), ‘li mian’ (inside) are frequently used.
教室物品：书、本子、铅笔、钢笔、尺子、橡皮。方位词如’上面’、’下面’、’里面’经常使用。
Talking about timetables: ‘Di yi jie ke shi shu xue.’ (The first lesson is Maths.) ‘Wo zui xi huan ti yu ke.’ (I like PE most.)
谈论课程表：’第一节课是数学。’ ‘我最喜欢体育课。’
7. Food and Drink | 饮食
Staple foods and drinks: mi fan (rice), mian tiao (noodles), jiao zi (dumplings), mian bao (bread), shui (water), cha (tea), guo zhi (fruit juice). Phrases for ordering: ‘Wo yao …’ (I want …), ‘Qing gei wo …’ (Please give me …).
主食和饮品：米饭、面条、饺子、面包、水、茶、果汁。点餐用语：’我要……’、’请给我……’。
Tastes and preferences: hao chi (delicious), tian (sweet), suan (sour), la (spicy), xian (salty). Use ‘xi huan’ (like) and ‘bu xi huan’ (dislike) to express opinions.
口味与偏好：好吃、甜、酸、辣、咸。用’喜欢’和’不喜欢’表达看法。
The structure ‘chi …’ (eat) and ‘he …’ (drink) is essential. Measure words: ge (general), wan (bowl), bei (cup), ping (bottle).
动词’吃’和’喝’是关键。量词：个、碗、杯、瓶。
8. Hobbies and Sports | 爱好与运动
Hobby vocabulary: kan dian shi (watch TV), kan shu (read), ting yin yue (listen to music), da dian nao (play computer), ti zu qiu (play football), da lan qiu (play basketball), you yong (swimming), pao bu (running).
爱好词汇：看电视、看书、听音乐、打电脑（玩电脑）、踢足球、打篮球、游泳、跑步。
The modal verb ‘hui’ (can, know how to) is used for skills: ‘Wo hui you yong.’ (I can swim.) For frequency, use ‘mei tian’ (every day), ‘chang chang’ (often), ‘you shi hou’ (sometimes).
能愿动词’会’表示技能：’我会游泳。’ 频率副词：’每天’、’常常’、’有时候’。
When expressing likes, the structure ‘Wo xi huan + activity’ is common. To ask about hobbies, say ‘Ni de ai hao shi shen me?’ (What are your hobbies?)
表达喜好时，常用’我喜欢 + 活动’。询问爱好：’你的爱好是什么？’
9. Weather and Seasons | 天气与季节
Weather adjectives: tian qi hao (good weather), re (hot), leng (cold), nuan huo (warm), liang kuai (cool), xia yu (rainy), xia xue (snowy), yin tian (cloudy). The sentence pattern ‘Jin tian tian qi hen hao.’ (Today the weather is very good.) is a basic expression.
天气形容词：天气好、热、冷、暖和、凉快、下雨、下雪、阴天。句型’今天天气很好。’是基本表达。
Seasons: chun tian (spring), xia tian (summer), qiu tian (autumn), dong tian (winter). Describe a season using ‘… tian qi …’ e.g. ‘Xia tian hen re.’ (Summer is hot.)
季节：春天、夏天、秋天、冬天。用’……天气……’描述季节，如’夏天很热。’
Temperature can be expressed with ‘… du’, for example ‘Jin tian er shi wu du.’ (Today is 25°C.) Learn to describe what you wear according to weather: chuan (wear), yi fu (clothes).
温度用’……度’表达，如’今天二十五度。’ 学会根据天气描述穿着：穿、衣服。
10. Key Grammar Structures | 核心语法结构
Basic word order is Subject–Verb–Object, similar to English: ‘Wo chi ping guo.’ (I eat apples.) Adjectives come before nouns and can also be predicates with ‘hen’: ‘Da ping guo’ (big apple), ‘Ping guo hen da.’ (The apple is big.)
基本语序为主谓宾，与英语相似：’我吃苹果。’ 形容词在名词前，也可用’很’作谓语：’大苹果’，’苹果很大。’
The verb ‘shi’ (to be) links nouns: ‘Ta shi xue sheng.’ (He is a student.) ‘You’ (to have) expresses possession: ‘Wo you yi zhi mao.’ (I have a cat.)
动词’是’连接名词：’他是学生。’ ‘有’表示拥有：’我有一只猫。’
The particle ‘de’ is used for possession and modification: ‘Wo de shu’ (my book), ‘Lan se de tian’ (blue sky). The particle ‘le’ indicates completed action: ‘Wo chi le fan.’ (I ate.) and change of state: ‘Tian hei le.’ (It’s dark now.)
助词’的’用于所属和修饰：’我的书’，’蓝色的天’。助词’了’表示完成：’我吃了饭。’ 和状态变化：’天黑了。’
11. Asking Questions and Negation | 提问与否定
Yes-no questions can be formed by adding ‘ma’ at the end: ‘Ni hao ma?’ (How are you?) Alternatively, use the verb-not-verb pattern: ‘Ni shi bu shi xue sheng?’ (Are you a student?) ‘Ni you mei you gou?’ (Do you have a dog?)
是非问句可在句尾加’吗’：’你好吗？’ 或者使用’动词-不-动词’结构：’你是不是学生？’ ‘你有没有狗？’
Question words: shen me (what), shei (who), na li / nar (where), shen me shi hou (when), wei shen me (why), zen me (how). The word order stays the same as a statement, just replace the unknown with the question word.
疑问词：什么、谁、哪里/哪儿、什么时候、为什么、怎么。语序与陈述句相同，只需用疑问词替换未知部分。
Negation is primarily with ‘bu’ for present/future and adjectives: ‘Wo bu shi.’ (I am not.), ‘Bu hao.’ (Not good.) Use ‘mei’ (or ‘mei you’) for past negation of ‘you’: ‘Wo mei you shu.’ (I don’t have a book.) ‘Ta mei lai.’ (He didn’t come.)
否定主要用’不’表示现在/将来和形容词否定：’我不是。’ ‘不好。’ 用’没（有）’表示’有’的过去否定：’我没有书。’ ‘他没来。’
12. Measure Words and Descriptive Sentences | 量词与描述性句子
Measure words are used between a number/demonstrative and a noun. Common ones include ‘ge’ (general), ‘zhi’ (animals), ‘ben’ (books), ‘zhang’ (flat objects like paper/ticket), ‘jian’ (clothing), ‘liang’ (vehicles). Learn the correct pairing.
量词用于数词/指示代词和名词之间。常见的有个（通用）、只（动物）、本（书）、张（平面物如纸/票）、件（衣物）、辆（车辆）。学习正确搭配。
Descriptive sentences using adjectives often include ‘hen’ even if not meaning ‘very’ strongly: ‘Ta hen gao.’ (He is tall.) For comparison, use ‘bi’: ‘Wo bi di di gao.’ (I am taller than younger brother.)
形容词谓语句常包含’很’，即使不强调’非常’：’他很高。’ 比较用’比’：’我比弟弟高。’
To link clauses sequentially, use ‘ran hou’ (then) and ‘yin wei … suo yi …’ (because … therefore …). These conjunctions make narratives clearer.
用’然后’连接先后动作，用’因为……所以……’表达因果关系。这些连词使叙述更清晰。
Cultural note: when talking about ages or counting objects, the polite form of ‘two’ is ‘liang’ before a measure word, not ‘er’. E.g. ‘liang ge ren’ (two people).
文化提示：谈论年龄或数数时，在量词前用’两’而非’二’，如’两个人’。
Published by TutorHao | Chinese Revision Series | aleveler.com
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