📚 Year 8 WJEC Maths: Key Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Guide | Year 8 WJEC 数学：词汇术语速记指南
Welcome to this quick guide for Year 8 WJEC maths vocabulary. Mastering key terms is like learning the alphabet of mathematics — once you know them, problem‑solving becomes much easier. This article covers twelve essential terms you will meet in number, algebra, geometry and statistics, with clear definitions, examples and clever memory hooks.
欢迎阅读 Year 8 WJEC 数学词汇速记指南。掌握核心术语就像学习数学的字母表——一旦熟悉它们，解题将变得轻松许多。本文涵盖了你在数、代数、几何和统计中会遇到的十二个关键术语，配有清晰定义、示例和巧妙的记忆方法。
1. Integer | 整数
An integer is any whole number that is not a fraction or a decimal. Integers include positive numbers, negative numbers and zero.
整数是指任何不是分数或小数的完整数，包括正数、负数和零。
Examples: −8, 0, 23, 1001. Non-examples: ½, 4.7, −0.9.
示例：−8、0、23、1001。非示例：½、4.7、−0.9。
Memory hook: The word ‘integer’ shares its root with ‘integrity’ — think of whole, complete numbers, nothing broken off.
记忆法：’integer’ 与 ‘integrity’（完整）同源——想象完整无缺的数字。
2. Prime Number | 质数
A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 that has exactly two distinct factors: 1 and itself. The number 1 is not prime because it has only one factor.
质数是大于 1 且恰好有两个不同因数的整数：1 和它本身。数字 1 不是质数，因为它只有一个因数。
Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19. Note that 2 is the only even prime number.
示例：2、3、5、7、11、13、17、19。注意 2 是唯一的偶质数。
Memory hook: Think of a prime as a ‘proud’ number — it refuses to be divided by anything other than 1 and itself.
记忆法：把质数想象成 ‘骄傲’ 的数——它拒绝被除 1 和自身以外的任何数整除。
3. Square Root | 平方根
The square root of a number is a value that, when multiplied by itself, gives the original number. We use the symbol √ to represent the principal (non‑negative) square root.
一个数的平方根是某个值，它与自身相乘后得到原数。我们用符号 √ 表示主（非负）平方根。
√25 = 5 because 5 × 5 = 25
√25 = 5 因为 5 × 5 = 25
Examples: √16 = 4, √100 = 10, √2 ≈ 1.414 (an irrational number).
示例：√16 = 4，√100 = 10，√2 ≈ 1.414（无理数）。
Memory hook: Picture a square with area 49 m²; the side length is the square root, √49 = 7 m. The root ‘grows’ the square.
记忆法：想象一个面积为 49 平方米的正方形，其边长就是平方根 √49 = 7 米。根 ‘长出’ 正方形。
4. Multiple | 倍数
A multiple of a number is the product of that number and any integer. In other words, multiples are what you get when you multiply the number by 1, 2, 3, and so on.
一个数的倍数就是这个数与任何整数的乘积。换句话说，倍数就是用这个数分别乘以 1、2、3……得到的结果。
Examples: Multiples of 6: 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, … Multiples of 9: 9, 18, 27, 36, …
示例：6 的倍数：6、12、18、24、30……；9 的倍数：9、18、27、36……
Memory hook: ‘Multiple’ sounds like ‘multiply’. The multiples of a number appear in its times table.
记忆法：’Multiple’（倍数）与 ‘multiply’（乘）发音相近。一个数的倍数就出现在它的乘法表中。
5. Factor | 因数
A factor of a number is a whole number that divides exactly into that number, leaving no remainder. Factors always come in pairs unless the number is a perfect square.
一个数的因数是可以整除该数且没有余数的整数。因数通常成对出现，除非该数是完全平方数。
Examples: Factors of 12 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12. Factor pairs: (1,12), (2,6), (3,4).
示例：12 的因数有 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12。因数对：(1,12)、(2,6)、(3,4)。
Memory hook: Think of a ‘factor’ as a ‘factory’ that produces the number when paired with another factor. Every factor has a partner.
记忆法：把 ‘factor’（因数）想象成一个 ‘工厂’，当它与另一个因数配对时就能生产出原数。每个因数都有一个伙伴。
6. Equation | 方程
An equation is a mathematical statement that shows two expressions are equal, using the equals sign ‘=’. Solving an equation means finding the value(s) that make it true.
方程是一个数学陈述，用等号 ‘=’ 表示两个表达式相等。解方程意味着找到使它成立的数值。
2x + 5 = 13
In the equation above, the unknown x is on one side, and we can isolate it to find x = 4.
在上面的方程中，未知数 x 在一边，我们可以解出 x = 4。
Memory hook: Equation sounds like ‘equal‑action’ — both sides must balance, just like a seesaw.
记忆法：’Equation’（方程）听起来像 ‘equal‑action’——两边必须平衡，就像跷跷板一样。
7. Variable | 变量
A variable is a symbol, usually a letter, that stands for an unknown value or a value that can change. In algebra, we use variables to write general rules and formulas.
变量是一个符号，通常是字母，代表未知数或可以变化的数值。在代数中，我们用变量书写通用规则和公式。
Examples: In the expression 5n + 2, n is a variable. The value of the expression depends on n.
示例：在表达式 5n + 2 中，n 是变量。表达式的值取决于 n。
Memory hook: ‘Variable’ comes from ‘vary’ — its value can vary. It is a placeholder waiting to be replaced by a number.
记忆法：’Variable’（变量）源于 ‘vary’（变化）——它的值可以改变。它是一个等待被数字取代的占位符。
8. Coefficient | 系数
A coefficient is the numerical factor in a term that contains a variable. It tells you how many times the variable is being multiplied.
系数是一个含有变量的项中的数字因数。它告诉你变量被乘了多少次。
Examples: In 7y, the coefficient is 7. In −3a², the coefficient is −3. In the term x, the coefficient is 1 (implied).
示例：在 7y 中，系数是 7；在 −3a² 中，系数是 −3；在项 x 中，系数是 1（隐含的）。
Memory hook: ‘Co‑efficient’ hints at ‘cooperating’ — the number works together with the variable. It is the number riding along with the letter.
记忆法：’Co‑efficient’ 暗示 ‘合作’——数字与变量一起运作。它就是跟在字母旁的数字。
9. Acute Angle | 锐角
An acute angle is any angle that measures greater than 0° and less than 90°. Acute angles look sharp and narrow.
锐角是任何大于 0° 且小于 90° 的角。锐角看起来尖锐而狭窄。
Examples: 30°, 45°, 60°, 89°. A right angle is exactly 90°, so it is not acute.
示例：30°、45°、60°、89°。直角正好是 90°，因此不是锐角。
Memory hook: Think of ‘a cute’ little angle, small and sharp. A cute puppy is small, just like an acute angle is the smallest type of angle.
记忆法：联想到 ‘a cute’（可爱的）小角，又小又尖。可爱的小狗是小巧的，锐角也是最小的角类型。
10. Perimeter | 周长
The perimeter of a 2D shape is the total distance around its outer edge. It is found by adding up the lengths of all the sides.
二维形状的周长是其外边缘的总长度。通过将所有边长相加得到。
For a rectangle: Perimeter = 2 × (length + width). For a square with side s: Perimeter = 4s.
对于长方形：周长 = 2 × (长 + 宽)；对于边长为 s 的正方形：周长 = 4s。
Memory hook: ‘Peri’ means around (like ‘perimeter’ of a field) and ‘meter’ suggests measure. Walk around the shape and measure the distance.
记忆法：’Peri’ 表示周围（如场地 perimeter），’meter’ 表示测量。绕着形状走一圈测量距离。
11. Mean | 平均数
The mean (or arithmetic average) of a set of numbers is calculated by adding all the values together and then dividing by the number of values.
一组数的平均数（算术平均值）通过将所有数值相加然后除以数值的个数来计算。
Mean = (Sum of values) ÷ (Number of values)
Example: Find the mean of 4, 8, 6, 2. Sum = 20, number of values = 4, so mean = 20 ÷ 4 = 5.
示例：求 4, 8, 6, 2 的平均数。总和 = 20，数值个数 = 4，所以平均数 = 20 ÷ 4 = 5。
Memory hook: ‘Mean’ rhymes with ‘between’ — the mean is the balancing point, the value that lies at the middle in a fair share.
记忆法：’Mean’（平均数）与 ‘between’（在……之间）押韵——平均数是平衡点，是公平分享时的中间值。
12. Probability | 概率
Probability measures how likely an event is to happen. It is a number between 0 and 1, often written as a fraction, decimal or percentage. 0 means impossible; 1 means certain.
概率衡量一个事件发生的可能性。它是一个介于 0 和 1 之间的数字，通常写成分数、小数或百分数。0 表示不可能，1 表示必然。
P(event) = (Number of favourable outcomes) ÷ (Total number of possible outcomes)
Example: When rolling a fair die, P(getting a 4) = 1/6, since there is 1 way out of 6.
示例：抛掷一个均匀骰子，P(得到 4) = 1/6，因为六种可能中只有一种情况。
Memory hook: ‘Probability’ and ‘possible’ share the same Latin root. Think of it as how ‘probable’ the event is. The scale runs from ‘no chance’ (0) to ‘yes, always’ (1).
记忆法：’Probability’ 和 ‘possible’ 有相同的拉丁词根。想想事件 ‘很可能’ 的程度。尺度从 ‘不可能’ (0) 到 ‘一定’ (1)。
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