Year 9 AQA Drama: Quick-Fire Glossary & Memory Guide | AQA 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 9 AQA Drama: Quick-Fire Glossary & Memory Guide | AQA 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南

Welcome to your Year 9 AQA Drama glossary. This guide breaks down the essential terms you will encounter when devising, performing, and analysing drama. Each section pairs an English explanation with its Chinese equivalent so you can build your vocabulary confidently. Use the mnemonics, quick tables, and practical examples to lock these words into long-term memory.

欢迎来到九年级 AQA 戏剧词汇指南。本文将你在创作、表演和分析戏剧时遇到的关键术语分解开来。每一节都配有英文解释和中文对应，助你自信地积累词汇。借助记忆口诀、速查表和实际案例，将这些词语牢牢印入长期记忆中。

1. The Stage and Its Areas | 舞台及其区域

Imagine you are standing on the stage facing the audience. The area nearest the audience is downstage, and the area farthest away is upstage. This comes from the old raked stages that actually sloped upwards away from the audience. Stage left and stage right are always from the actor’s point of view when facing the audience. Central area is centre stage. Combine these to describe any position: upstage right, downstage centre, etc.

想象你站在舞台上，面对观众。离观众最近的区域是舞台前区，最远的区域是舞台后区。这源于老式倾斜舞台，确实向后上方倾斜。舞台左侧和右侧始终从演员面对观众时的视角而定。中心区域是舞台中央。组合起来可以描述任何位置：右后区、中前区等。

Downstage (DS) – area nearest the audience. / 舞台前区，离观众最近。
Upstage (US) – area farthest from the audience. / 舞台后区，离观众最远。
Stage Left (SL) – actor’s left when facing the audience. / 舞台左侧，演员面向观众时的左边。
Stage Right (SR) – actor’s right when facing the audience. / 舞台右侧，演员面向观众时的右边。
Centre Stage (CS) – middle of the acting area. / 舞台中央。
Wings – offstage areas to the left and right, hidden from the audience. / 侧台，左右两侧观众看不见的区域。

Memory trick: Think “down is close to the audience, up is up and away.”

记忆技巧：想到“down”离观众近，“up”则远离观众。

2. Vocal Skills | 声音技巧

Your voice is a flexible instrument. Actors adjust volume, pitch, pace, tone, and articulation to convey character and emotion. Projection means making your voice fill the space without shouting. Emphasis stresses certain words for meaning. A pause can be more powerful than a line. Intonation is the rise and fall that shows attitude.

你的声音是一件灵活的乐器。演员通过调整音量、音高、语速、语气和咬字来传达角色与情感。投射是指不用喊叫就让声音充盈空间。重音强调某些词语以表达含义。停顿有时比台词更有力量。语调的升降展现态度。

Term	Definition	中文
Volume	Loudness or softness of voice.	音量
Pitch	Highness or lowness of sound.	音高
Pace/Tempo	Speed of speech – fast can show urgency; slow can show thought.	语速 / 节奏
Tone	Emotional quality of voice (warm, cold, sarcastic).	语气 / 音色
Articulation	Clarity of speech – pronouncing consonants clearly.	吐字发音
Projection	Using breath support to reach the whole audience.	声音投射
Intonation	Pattern of pitch changes – like a question going up at the end.	语调
Pause	A deliberate silence for dramatic effect.	停顿 / 静场

3. Physical Skills | 身体技巧

Your body tells the story as much as your words. Posture can show age and status. Gait is the manner of walking. Gesture is a movement of hands or head to express meaning. Facial expression reveals emotion. Eye contact connects with other characters or the audience. Blocking is the planned movement around the stage.

你的身体与语言同样能讲述故事。体态能展现年龄和地位。步态是走路的方式。手势是用手或头表达含义的动作。面部表情揭示情感。眼神交流与对手或观众建立连接。舞台调度是在舞台上有计划地移动。

Posture – how you hold your body (slumped, upright, rigid). / 体态
Gait – the way a character walks. / 步态
Gesture – expressive movement of hands/arms. / 手势
Facial expression – how the face shows emotion. / 面部表情
Eye contact – looking at someone to build tension or connection. / 眼神交流
Proxemics – use of distance between characters to show relationship. / 空间关系学（人物间距离）
Levels – height of body on stage (standing, sitting, lying). / 身体高度层次
Blocking – planned movement, entrances, and exits. / 走位与调度

Remember the acronym PGF LEG – Posture, Gait, Facial expression, Level, Eye contact, Gesture.

记住 PGF LEG 口诀：Posture, Gait, Facial expression, Level, Eye contact, Gesture。

4. Character and Relationships | 角色与关系

Building a character goes beyond learning lines. Status is the power a character holds in a scene – high status can be shown through confident posture and direct eye contact. Objective is what a character wants in the scene. A character’s arc is their journey of change. Relationships are shaped by proxemics, touch, and vocal tone.

塑造角色不只是背台词。地位是一个角色在场景中拥有的权力——高地位可通过自信的体态和直接的眼神交流展现。角色目标是角色在场景中想要得到的东西。角色弧光是其变化的旅程。关系由空间距离、身体接触和声音语气塑造。

Status – level of power or importance. / 地位
Objective – what a character desires at that moment. / 角色目标
Subtext – the unspoken meaning beneath the words. / 潜台词
Portrayal – the actor’s creation of a role. / 演绎
Character arc – the transformation a character undergoes. / 角色发展弧
Motivation – the reason behind a character’s actions. / 动机

5. Rehearsal and Devising Terms | 排练与创编术语

Devising means creating original theatre from a stimulus such as a poem, image, or news story. A stimulus sparks ideas. Improvisation is unscripted acting to explore a scenario. Rehearsal techniques like hot-seating (interviewing a character in role) and thought-tracking (speaking inner thoughts aloud) help deepen understanding. A tableau is a frozen picture created by actors’ bodies.

创编是指根据一首诗、一幅图或一则新闻等刺激物创作原创戏剧。刺激物激发灵感。即兴表演是无剧本的表演，用来探索情境。排练技巧如角色坐针毡（以角色身份接受采访）和思维追踪（大声说出内心想法）有助于深化理解。静态画面是由演员身体构成的定格画面。

Devising – creating an original piece of theatre collaboratively. / 创编
Stimulus – starting point for creative ideas (music, text, object). / 刺激物
Improvisation – acting without a script. / 即兴表演
Hot-seating – questioning a character in role. / 角色坐针毡
Thought-tracking – speaking a character’s inner thoughts. / 思维追踪
Tableau / Still image – a frozen stage picture. / 静态画面
Cross-cutting – interweaving two or more scenes on stage. / 交叉剪辑
Marking the moment – highlighting a key moment, often with slow motion or tableau. / 关键时刻定格

6. Script and Structure Terms | 剧本与结构术语

A script is the written text of a play. Scenes divide the action, often numbered. Dialogue is the spoken conversation. A monologue is a long speech by one character to others, while a soliloquy is spoken alone, revealing inner thoughts. A duologue is a scene with two characters. Stage directions are the playwright’s instructions, often in italics, indicating action, setting, or delivery.

剧本是戏剧的书面文本。场景划分动作，常以数字编号。对白是角色间的对话。独白是一个角色对他人说的长篇台词，而内心独白是角色独自诉说，展露内心想法。双人戏是有两个角色的场景。舞台提示是剧作家的说明，常以斜体字出现，指示动作、场景或表演方式。

Script – the written play. / 剧本
Dialogue – spoken exchanges between characters. / 对白
Monologue – extended speech to other characters. / 独白（对他人）
Soliloquy – speech where character is alone, sharing thoughts. / 内心独白
Duologue – scene for two actors. / 双人戏
Stage directions – instructions for actors and director. / 舞台提示
Act – a large division of a play. / 幕
Scene – a smaller division within an act. / 场

7. Drama Genres and Styles | 戏剧体裁与风格

Genre tells you what kind of play you are watching or making. Tragedy features a noble character’s downfall. Comedy aims to make the audience laugh, often ending in celebration. Farce uses exaggerated physical humour and unlikely situations. Melodrama has clear heroes and villains with exaggerated emotions. Physical theatre tells stories primarily through movement, not words. Naturalism tries to recreate real life on stage.

体裁告诉你正在观看或创作的剧作类型。悲剧展现高尚人物的衰落。喜剧旨在逗观众发笑，常以庆祝收场。闹剧使用夸张的肢体幽默和荒诞情境。情节剧有分明的好人和坏人，情感夸张。肢体剧场主要通过动作而非语言讲述故事。自然主义试图在舞台上再造真实生活。

Tragedy – serious downfall, often due to a fatal flaw. / 悲剧
Comedy – humorous, usually with a happy ending. / 喜剧
Farce – exaggerated, silly, fast-paced comedy. / 闹剧
Melodrama – exaggerated emotions, clear moral divisions. / 情节剧
Physical theatre – storytelling through movement and body. / 肢体剧场
Naturalism – theatre that mirrors everyday life. / 自然主义
Epic theatre – Brechtian style that reminds audience they’re watching a play. / 史诗剧
Verbatim theatre – using real people’s words from interviews. / 文献纪实剧

8. Design Elements: Set, Props, Costume | 设计元素：布景、道具、服装

Design tells the audience where and when the action happens. A set is the physical surroundings on stage – it can be realistic (a full room) or symbolic (a single chair). Props are objects handled by actors. Costume is what the character wears, indicating period, status, personality. Make-up and hair further build the character. A rostrum is a raised platform. Flats are wooden frames covered with canvas used to represent walls.

设计告诉观众故事发生的时间地点。布景是舞台上的物理环境——可以是现实的（一间完整的房间）或象征的（一把椅子）。道具是演员手里拿的物件。服装是角色穿着的衣物，显示时代、地位和个性。化妆与发型进一步塑造角色。平台是升高的台面。景片是用来代表墙壁的木框蒙布结构。

Set – the stage environment. / 布景
Props – portable objects used by actors. / 道具
Costume – clothing and accessories. / 服装
Make-up – cosmetics and effects on skin. / 化妆
Rostrum – a platform to create levels. / 平台
Flat – a lightweight wall panel. / 景片
Sight lines – what the audience can see from different seats. / 视线

9. Lighting and Sound | 灯光与音效

Lighting creates mood, focuses attention, and indicates time. A gobo is a metal stencil placed in a lantern to project patterns. A wash is a broad, even coverage of light. Blackout is a sudden cutting of all lights. Cross-fade smoothly transitions between lighting states. Sound can be diegetic (heard by characters, like a phone ring) or non-diegetic (heard only by audience, like scary music). A soundscape layers noises to create atmosphere.

灯光营造氛围，集中注意力，指示时间。图案片是放在灯具里的金属模板，用来投射图案。铺光是宽广均匀的光照。黑场是所有灯光突然切断。交叉淡变是灯光状态间的平滑过渡。声音可以是剧情内的（角色能听到，如电话铃声）或剧情外的（只有观众听到，如恐怖音乐）。声音景观将多种声音层叠以营造气氛。

Wash – broad, unfocused light. / 铺光
Gobo – metal pattern to project shapes. / 图案片
Blackout – instant darkness. / 黑场
Cross-fade – gradual change from one lighting cue to another. / 交叉淡变
Diegetic sound – sound from within the world of the play. / 剧情内声音
Non-diegetic sound – added for audience effect, not heard by characters. / 剧情外声音
Soundscape – collage of sounds. / 声音景观
Live sound – sound created on stage (door slam, footstep). / 现场音效

10. Performance and Audience Terms | 表演与观众术语

The relationship between performer and audience is essential. The fourth wall is the imaginary wall between stage and audience; breaking it means addressing the audience directly. Audience interaction involves the crowd in the action. A flashback goes back in time, and a flash-forward jumps ahead. Tension is the build-up of suspense. Dramatic irony occurs when the audience knows something characters do not.

表演者与观众的关系至关重要。第四堵墙是舞台与观众之间的想象之墙；打破它意味着直接向观众说话。观众互动让观众参与到行动中。倒叙回到过去，前跳跳到未来。张力是悬念的累积。戏剧性反讽是指观众知道某些角色不知道的事情。

Fourth wall – invisible barrier between stage and audience. / 第四堵墙
Breaking the fourth wall – speaking directly to audience. / 打破第四堵墙
Audience interaction – inviting audience participation. / 观众互动
Flashback / Flash-forward – shifting time. / 倒叙 / 前跳
Tension – sense of conflict or anticipation. / 张力
Dramatic irony – audience knows more than characters. / 戏剧性反讽
Suspension of disbelief – audience accepts the stage reality. / 悬念搁置
Catharsis – emotional release experienced by audience. / 情感净化

11. Directing and Staging Configurations | 导演与舞台形式

Directors shape the entire production, guiding actors and designers to fulfil a vision. Staging configurations change how the audience experiences the piece. Proscenium arch frames the stage like a picture. Thrust stage extends into the audience. In the round means audience on all sides. Traverse has audience on two opposite sides. A black box is a flexible plain room. Site-specific theatre uses a non-theatre space.

导演塑造整部作品，引导演员和设计师实现某个构想。舞台形式改变观众的体验。镜框式舞台像画框一样框住舞台。伸出式舞台延伸到观众中。环形舞台意味着观众在四面。通道式舞台观众在两对面坐着。黑匣子是一个灵活的空房间。特定场域剧使用非剧场空间。

Proscenium arch – traditional picture-frame stage. / 镜框式舞台
Thrust – stage that juts into the audience. / 伸出式舞台
Theatre in the round – audience surrounds the stage. / 环形剧场
Traverse – audience on two sides like a catwalk. / 通道式舞台
Black box – adaptable square space. / 黑匣子剧场
Site-specific – performance in an unusual location. / 特定场域剧

12. Critical Vocabulary for Writing About Drama | 评析戏剧的写作词汇

When you write about a performance, use precise language. Instead of saying “it was good,” describe the impact. Words like effective, powerful, symbolic, dynamic, subtle, poignant, and exaggerated all help. Analyse how the actor used voice or movement to create a specific effect on the audience. Link your observation to the director’s intention: “The slow, deliberate pace of the monologue emphasised the character’s inner conflict.”

当你写表演评析时，要使用精确的语言。不要只说“很好”，要描述其效果。像有效、有力、象征性、动感、微妙、辛酸和夸张这些词都很有帮助。分析演员如何通过声音或动作对观众产生特定效果。把你的观察与导演的意图联系起来：“独白缓慢而刻意的语速突出了角色的内心冲突。”

Effective – successful in achieving the intended effect. / 有效的
Powerful – having a strong emotional or dramatic impact. / 有力的
Symbolic – representing an idea beyond the literal. / 象征性的
Dynamic – full of energy and change. / 动感的
Poignant – evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret. / 辛酸的
Exaggerated – overly dramatic for effect. / 夸张的
Minimalist – using very few elements to great effect. / 极简的
Grotesque – absurd and disturbing, often pushing boundaries. / 怪诞的

Build your sentences with a clear structure: Identify the feature → Describe it precisely → Explain the effect on the audience. E.g., “The sudden blackout (feature) created a sharp contrast to the previous warm lighting (description), startling the audience and heightening the sense of danger (effect).”

用清晰的结构组织你的句子：指出特征 → 精确描述 → 解释对观众的效果。例如：“突然的黑场（特征）与之前温暖的灯光形成强烈对比（描述），让观众大吃一惊，加剧了危险感（效果）。”

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Year 9 AQA Drama: Quick-Fire Glossary & Memory Guide | AQA 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南