Year 9 CCEA French: Core Knowledge Essentials | Year 9 CCEA 法语：核心知识点梳理

📚 Year 9 CCEA French: Core Knowledge Essentials | Year 9 CCEA 法语：核心知识点梳理

Mastering French at Year 9 with CCEA involves building a solid foundation in grammar, vocabulary and communication skills. This article summarises the key topics: present tense verbs, key irregular verbs, adjectives, articles, negation, questions, the near future, an introduction to the perfect tense, and essential vocabulary themes. Use this checklist to reinforce your learning and prepare for assessments.

掌握 CCEA Year 9 法语意味着在语法、词汇和交际技能方面打下扎实基础。本文梳理了核心知识点：现在时动词、关键不规则动词、形容词、冠词、否定、提问、最近将来时、复合过去时入门以及必备词汇主题。利用这份清单巩固学习，为测评做好准备。

1. Pronunciation & Accents | 发音与重音符号

French uses five main types of diacritical marks. The acute accent (accent aigu) appears only on e (é) and gives the sound /e/, as in ‘élève’. The grave accent (accent grave) can be on e (è, /ɛ/), a (à) and u (ù), as in ‘mère’, ‘à’ and ‘où’. The circumflex (accent circonflexe) can appear on any vowel (â, ê, î, ô, û) and often indicates a historical ‘s’ that has disappeared, as in ‘forêt’ (forest). The diaeresis (tréma, e.g. ë, ï, ü) shows that two vowels are pronounced separately, as in ‘Noël’. The cedilla (cédille) is placed under c (ç) to make it sound /s/ before a, o, u, as in ‘ça’.

法语使用五种主要变音符号。尖音符仅出现在 e 上 (é)，发 /e/ 音，如 ‘élève’。抑音符可出现在 e (è, /ɛ/)、a (à) 和 u (ù) 上，如 ‘mère’、’à’、’où’。长音符可出现于任何元音 (â, ê, î, ô, û)，常表示一个被省略的历史字母 s，如 ‘forêt’（森林）。分音符 (如 ë, ï, ü) 表示两个元音分开发音，如 ‘Noël’。软音符置于 c 下 (ç)，使其在 a、o、u 前发 /s/ 音，如 ‘ça’。

Most final consonants in French are not pronounced. Common exceptions include the consonants in the word CaReFuL (c, r, f, l). For example, the final ‘s’ in ‘trois’ is silent, but ‘r’ in ‘sur’ is pronounced. Liaison occurs when a normally silent consonant at the end of a word is pronounced before a vowel sound, such as ‘les amis’ pronounced /le‿zami/.

法语中多数词尾辅音不发音。常见的例外是 CaReFuL 规则中的辅音 (c, r, f, l)。例如 ‘trois’ 词尾的 s 不发音，但 ‘sur’ 词尾的 r 发音。联诵则指词末不发音的辅音在遇到下一个以元音开头的词时发音，如 ‘les amis’ 读作 /le‿zami/。

2. Nouns & Articles | 名词与冠词

Every French noun has a gender: masculine (un garçon) or feminine (une fille). Many nouns ending in -e are feminine, but there are numerous exceptions (e.g. un lycée, un musée). The plural is usually formed by adding -s to the singular (un livre → des livres). Nouns ending in -s, -x or -z remain unchanged in the plural.

每个法语名词都有性别：阳性 (un garçon) 或阴性 (une fille)。许多以 -e 结尾的名词为阴性，但存在大量例外 (如 un lycée, un musée)。复数通常在单数后加 -s (un livre → des livres)。以 -s、-x 或 -z 结尾的名词复数形式不变。

The definite articles are le (masculine singular), la (feminine singular), l’ (before vowel or mute h) and les (plural). The indefinite articles are un (masculine), une (feminine) and des (plural). Partitive articles are used for uncountable nouns or to express ‘some’: du (masculine), de la (feminine), de l’ (before vowel or mute h) and des (plural). For example: ‘Je mange du pain’ (I eat some bread), ‘Je bois de l’eau’ (I drink some water).

定冠词有 le (阳性单数)、la (阴性单数)、l’ (元音或哑音 h 前) 和 les (复数)。不定冠词有 un (阳性)、une (阴性) 和 des (复数)。部分冠词用于不可数名词或表示‘一些’：du (阳性)、de la (阴性)、de l’ (元音或哑音 h 前) 和 des (复数)。例如：‘Je mange du pain’ (我吃些面包)，‘Je bois de l’eau’ (我喝些水)。

After a negative expression, indefinite and partitive articles normally change to ‘de’ (or d’ before a vowel). For instance: ‘J’ai un stylo’ → ‘Je n’ai pas de stylo’, ‘Je mange du fromage’ → ‘Je ne mange pas de fromage’.

在否定表达之后，不定冠词和部分冠词通常变为 ‘de’ (或在元音前变为 d’)。例如：‘J’ai un stylo’ → ‘Je n’ai pas de stylo’，‘Je mange du fromage’ → ‘Je ne mange pas de fromage’。

3. Adjectives | 形容词

French adjectives agree in gender and number with the noun they describe. Most feminine forms add -e to the masculine: grand → grande, vert → verte. Plurals usually add -s: grands, grandes. Some adjectives have irregular feminine forms: beau → belle, blanc → blanche, bon → bonne, sportif → sportive, heureux → heureuse.

法语形容词须与所修饰名词保持性数一致。大部分阴性形式是在阳性后加 -e：grand → grande, vert → verte。复数通常加 -s：grands, grandes。部分形容词的阴性变化不规则：beau → belle, blanc → blanche, bon → bonne, sportif → sportive, heureux → heureuse。

The common position of adjectives is after the noun: ‘une voiture rouge’, ‘un livre intéressant’. However, a small group of adjectives (often remembered by the acronym BANGS – Beauty, Age, Number, Goodness, Size) come before the noun: beau, joli, vieux, jeune, nouveau, premier, dernier, bon, mauvais, grand, petit, gros. Examples: ‘une jolie fleur’, ‘un grand chien’, ‘ma vieille maison’.

形容词通常置于名词之后：‘une voiture rouge’, ‘un livre intéressant’。但少数形容词（常用 BANGS 记忆——美丑、年龄、数字、好坏、大小）需放在名词之前：beau, joli, vieux, jeune, nouveau, premier, dernier, bon, mauvais, grand, petit, gros。例如：‘une jolie fleur’, ‘un grand chien’, ‘ma vieille maison’。

4. Present Tense of Regular Verbs | 规则动词的现在时

Regular French verbs fall into three groups according to their infinitive endings: -er, -ir and -re. To form the present tense, remove the infinitive ending and add the appropriate subject endings.

规则法语动词根据不定式词尾分为三组：-er、-ir 和 -re。构成现在时，先去掉不定式词尾，然后加上相应的主语人称词尾。

The table below shows the present tense endings for regular -er, -ir and -re verbs:

下表展示了规则 -er、-ir 和 -re 动词的现在时词尾：

Subject	-er (parler)	-ir (finir)	-re (vendre)
je	parle	finis	vends
tu	parles	finis	vends
il/elle/on	parle	finit	vend
nous	parlons	finissons	vendons
vous	parlez	finissez	vendez
ils/elles	parlent	finissent	vendent

Examples: ‘Je parle français’ (I speak French), ‘Nous finissons nos devoirs’ (We finish our homework), ‘Ils vendent des fruits’ (They sell fruit). Note that the -ent ending in ils/elles is silent.

例句：‘Je parle français’ (我讲法语)，‘Nous finissons nos devoirs’ (我们完成作业)，‘Ils vendent des fruits’ (他们卖水果)。请注意 ils/elles 的 -ent 词尾不发音。

5. Key Irregular Verbs | 关键不规则动词

The verbs être (to be), avoir (to have), aller (to go) and faire (to do/make) are essential. Their present tense forms must be memorised.

动词 être (是)、avoir (有)、aller (去) 和 faire (做) 至关重要，必须牢记其现在时变位。

Subject	être	avoir	aller	faire
je	suis	ai	vais	fais
tu	es	as	vas	fais
il/elle/on	est	a	va	fait
nous	sommes	avons	allons	faisons
vous	êtes	avez	allez	faites
ils/elles	sont	ont	vont	font

Common uses: être for identity, nationality, and physical description (Je suis anglais, Il est grand); avoir for age and possession (J’ai douze ans, Elle a un chat); aller for movement and future (Nous allons au cinéma); faire for activities and weather (Je fais du sport, Il fait beau).

常见用法：être 表示身份、国籍和外貌描述 (Je suis anglais, Il est grand)；avoir 表示年龄和拥有 (J’ai douze ans, Elle a un chat)；aller 表示去向和将来 (Nous allons au cinéma)；faire 表示活动和天气 (Je fais du sport, Il fait beau)。

6. Negation | 否定表达

The most basic form of negation in French uses ‘ne … pas’ placed around the conjugated verb: ‘Je ne parle pas anglais.’ If the verb begins with a vowel or mute h, ‘ne’ becomes ‘n”: ‘Il n’habite pas ici.’

法语最基本的否定形式是用 ‘ne … pas’ 包围变位动词：‘Je ne parle pas anglais.’ 若动词以元音或哑音 h 开头，‘ne’ 缩写成 ‘n’’：‘Il n’habite pas ici.’

Other important negative expressions include: ne … jamais (never), ne … plus (no longer), ne … rien (nothing). For example: ‘Je ne regarde jamais la télé’ (I never watch TV), ‘Il ne joue plus au foot’ (He no longer plays football), ‘Elle ne mange rien’ (She eats nothing).

其他重要否定表达包括：ne … jamais (从不)、ne … plus (不再)、ne … rien (什么也没有)。例如：‘Je ne regarde jamais la télé’ (我从不看电视)，‘Il ne joue plus au foot’ (他不再踢足球)，‘Elle ne mange rien’ (她什么也不吃)。

Remember the change of articles after negation: ‘Je bois du lait’ → ‘Je ne bois pas de lait’. The expression ‘pas de’ is essential in negative sentences.

记住否定后冠词的变化：‘Je bois du lait’ → ‘Je ne bois pas de lait’。否定句中‘pas de’的运用极为关键。

7. Asking Questions | 提问

There are three main ways to ask a question in French at Year 9 level. The simplest is raising your intonation at the end of a statement: ‘Tu aimes le chocolat?’ The second is using ‘est-ce que’ at the start of a statement: ‘Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat?’ The third, more formal way is inversion (e.g. ‘Aimes-tu le chocolat?’), which is useful to recognise but less commonly taught at this stage.

在 Year 9 阶段，法语的提问方式主要有三种。最简单的是在陈述句末尾提高语调：‘Tu aimes le chocolat?’ 第二种是在陈述句前加 ‘est-ce que’：‘Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat?’ 第三种更为正式的方式是倒装（如 ‘Aimes-tu le chocolat?’），认识即可，该阶段不要求深入掌握。

Question words can be combined with ‘est-ce que’ to form specific questions: ‘Quand est-ce que tu pars?’ (When do you leave?), ‘Où est-ce que tu habites?’ (Where do you live?), ‘Pourquoi est-ce que tu étudies?’ (Why do you study?), ‘Comment est-ce que tu vas à l’école?’ (How do you get to school?). Key question words: qui (who), que/qu’est-ce que (what), quand (when), où (where), comment (how), pourquoi (why).

疑问词可与 ‘est-ce que’ 连用构成具体问句：‘Quand est-ce que tu pars?’ (你什么时候出发？)，‘Où est-ce que tu habites?’ (你住在哪里？)，‘Pourquoi est-ce que tu étudies?’ (你为什么学习？)，‘Comment est-ce que tu vas à l’école?’ (你怎么上学？)。主要疑问词：qui (谁)、que/qu’est-ce que (什么)、quand (何时)、où (哪里)、comment (怎样)、pourquoi (为什么)。

8. The Immediate Future (Le Futur Proche) | 最近将来时

The near future is formed with the present tense of ‘aller’ followed by an infinitive. It is used to talk about things that are going to happen soon.

Year 9 CCEA French: Core Knowledge Essentials | Year 9 CCEA 法语：核心知识点梳理