Year 10 Cambridge Law: Quick Memorisation Guide to Legal Terminology | 剑桥法律10年级：法律术语速记指南

📚 Year 10 Cambridge Law: Quick Memorisation Guide to Legal Terminology | 剑桥法律10年级：法律术语速记指南

Are you struggling to remember all the legal jargon for your Cambridge IGCSE Law course? This guide breaks down essential vocabulary into bite-sized sections, pairing each term with a simple memory trick. From actus reus to consideration, you will learn not just the definitions but how to recall them quickly under exam pressure. Ready to master the language of law? Let’s dive in.

你是否对剑桥IGCSE法律课程中的专业术语感到头疼？本篇指南将核心词汇拆分成易于消化的小节，每个术语都配有一个简单的记忆小窍门。从actus reus到对价，你不仅会记住定义，还能在考试压力下快速回忆。准备掌握法律语言了吗？一起开始吧。

1. Fundamental Legal Terminology: Law, Justice & Rights | 基础法律术语：法律、正义与权利

Law is a system of rules created and enforced by the state to regulate behaviour. Think of ‘LAW’ as ‘Laying All Wrongs’ – it lays down what is wrong. Justice refers to fairness and the moral rightness of decisions; its symbol is a set of scales, so imagine balancing your actions. Rights are legal entitlements that protect individuals, such as the right to a fair trial. Remember ‘rights’ as something you ‘write’ into a constitution. The rule of law means no one, including the government, is above the law. Visualise a ruler measuring everyone equally. Morality is a set of personal or societal standards of right and wrong, distinct from law. Law and morality often overlap but are not the same – think of ‘MORAL’ as ‘more-al’ (an extra set of rules).

法律是由国家创建和执行以规范行为的规则体系。可以将“LAW”联想为“拦恶” – 它拦住了错误行为。正义指公平和决定的道德正当性，其象征是天平，因此想象你在用天平衡量自己的行为。权利是法律赋予个人的保障，比如获得公正审判的权利。记住“rights”就像你“写进”宪法里的东西。法治意味着包括政府在内无人凌驾于法律之上。想象一把尺子平等地衡量所有人。道德是个人或社会的对错标准，区别于法律。法律和道德常有重叠但并不相同——想想“道德”就是“更多的则”（额外的一套规则）。

2. The Court System: Hierarchy & Key Players | 法院体系：层级与关键角色

In England and Wales, the court hierarchy starts with Magistrates’ Courts, where minor criminal cases and some civil matters are heard. Remember ‘Magistrates’ as ‘magic-straight’ courts that deal with straightforward cases quickly. More serious indictable offences go to the Crown Court, where a judge and jury decide the verdict; picture a crown to recall the royal authority. Appeals climb to the High Court, Court of Appeal, and finally the Supreme Court. A defendant is the person accused in a criminal case or sued in a civil case – ‘defend-ant’ sounds like someone defending an ant, but it’s a person defending themselves. The claimant (civil) is the one bringing the case; in criminal law, the prosecution (Crown Prosecution Service) acts on behalf of the state. Barristers are specialist advocates who wear wigs and gowns in higher courts; think ‘barrister’ = ‘bar’ + ‘sister’, as if they perform at the bar. Solicitors mainly advise clients and prepare documents, often working directly with the public. Juries consist of 12 lay people who decide facts in Crown Court trials.

在英格兰和威尔士，法院等级从治安法院开始，审理轻微刑事案件和部分民事事宜。记“Magistrates”为“魔捷”法院，快速处理直接案件。较为严重的可公诉罪行进入刑事法院，由法官和陪审团裁决；想象一顶王冠来回忆其皇家权威。上诉案件上升至高等法院、上诉法院，最终到最高法院。被告（defendant）是在刑事案件中被指控或在民事案件中被起诉的人——’defend-ant’听起来像在辩护一只蚂蚁，但其实是在为自己辩护。原告（claimant）是民事案件的发起方；在刑事法律中，控方（皇家检察署）代表国家行事。出庭律师（barrister）是在高等法院

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