📚 Year 10 CCEA Drama: Key Terminology Quick Guide | 10年级CCEA戏剧：关键术语速记指南
As you begin your CCEA Drama course in Year 10, building a strong command of key terminology is the first step towards confident practical work and effective written evaluation. This guide organises the essential terms by area – from stage directions and vocal skills to design elements and performance analysis – with clear, concise definitions in English and Chinese. Use it to revise, memorise and deepen your understanding of how theatre is created and communicated.
当你开始在10年级学习CCEA戏剧课程时，牢固掌握关键术语是迈向自信的实践表演与有效书面评估的第一步。本指南按领域整理了基本术语——从舞台方位、声乐技巧到设计元素和表演分析——并用中英双语提供了清晰简洁的定义。利用它来复习、记忆并加深你对戏剧如何被创造和传达的理解。
1. Stage Areas & Directions | 舞台区域与方位
Upstage: The area of the stage furthest from the audience. Moving upstage draws the audience’s eye into the distance.
舞台后方：离观众最远的舞台区域。演员移向舞台后方会把观众的视线引向远处。
Downstage: The part of the stage closest to the audience. It is the strongest position for creating intimacy or emphasis.
舞台前方：离观众最近的舞台部分，是营造亲密感或强调作用的最有力位置。
Centre stage: The middle of the playing area, naturally drawing focus and often used for key moments.
舞台中央：表演区的正中间，能自然吸引观众注意力，常用于关键时刻。
Stage left / Stage right: These directions are always given from the actor’s viewpoint when facing the audience. Stage left is the actor’s left; stage right is the actor’s right.
舞台左侧 / 舞台右侧：这些方位始终以演员面向观众时的左右为准。舞台左侧即演员的左手边，舞台右侧即演员的右手边。
Wings: The offstage areas to the left and right of the stage, hidden from the audience, used for entrances, exits and prop storage.
侧翼：舞台左右两侧的后台区域，观众看不到，用于演员上下场和存放道具。
Apron: The part of the stage that extends in front of the proscenium arch, allowing performers to get closer to the audience.
舞台前唇：镜框式舞台前面延伸出来的部分，使演员能更靠近观众。
2. Vocal Terminology | 声乐术语
Pitch: How high or low the voice sounds. Varying pitch can show emotion, age or status.
音高：声音听起来的高低。变化音高可以表现情绪、年龄或地位。
Pace: The speed at which lines are delivered. A fast pace can suggest excitement or panic; a slow pace can convey seriousness or sadness.
语速：说台词的快慢。快速可传达兴奋或恐慌，慢速则表现严肃或悲伤。
Pause: A deliberate stop in speech. Pauses create tension, allow a moment to land or signal a shift in thought.
停顿：台词中有意的中断。停顿可以制造紧张感、让某个时刻深入人心或暗示思绪的转变。
Tone: The emotional quality in the voice — warm, sarcastic, fearful, joyful. Tone reveals a character’s inner feelings.
语调：声音中的情感色彩——温暖、讽刺、恐惧、喜悦。语调揭示角色的内心感受。
Volume: How loudly or softly an actor speaks. It must be appropriate to the space and the dramatic moment.
音量：演员说话的响度。必须与演出空间和戏剧情境相适应。
Articulation: The clarity of speech. Clear articulation ensures every word is understood by the audience.
吐字：说话的清晰度。吐字清晰确保每个词都能被观众听懂。
Projection: Using breath and resonance to make the voice carry to the back of the auditorium without shouting.
声音投射：运用气息和共鸣让声音传到观众厅后排，无需喊叫。
3. Physical & Movement Skills | 肢体与动作技巧
Gesture: A movement of part of the body, especially the hands or arms, to express an idea or meaning.
手势：身体局部尤其是手或手臂的动作，用来表达想法或含义。
Posture: The way a performer holds their body. It instantly communicates age, confidence, health and status.
体态：演员保持身体的方式，能迅速传递年龄、自信、健康状况和社会地位。
Gait: A person’s manner of walking. Changing gait helps define character and can be stylised for effect.
步态：走路的姿态。改变步态有助于塑造角色，也可以为达到特定效果而风格化。
Facial expression: The use of the face to convey emotion without words. Every muscle from eyebrows to mouth contributes to meaning.
面部表情：不用语言而通过面部传达情感的方式。从眉毛到嘴巴的每一块肌肉都有助于传递意义。
Eye contact: Directing the gaze towards another performer, the audience or a specific point. It can show connection, dominance or secrecy.
眼神交流：将目光投向另一表演者、观众或特定位置。它可以展示联系、支配地位或秘密。
Body tension: The degree of muscular tightness in the body. A rigid body suggests stress; a relaxed body suggests ease or laziness.
身体张力：身体肌肉的紧张程度。僵硬的身体暗示压力，放松的身体暗示自在或懒惰。
Levels: The height at which an actor performs — standing, crouching, lying down, or elevated on a platform. Levels create visual interest and indicate power relationships.
表演高度：演员表演时的高度——站立、蹲伏、躺下或站在平台上。不同高度创造视觉趣味并指示权力关系。
Proxemics: The use of space between performers. Close proximity can signal intimacy; increased distance can show alienation or fear.
空间关系：演员之间空间距离的运用。近距离可传递亲密，增大距离可显示疏远或恐惧。
4. Character & Role | 角色与人物塑造
Characterisation: The process of creating and portraying a character through voice, movement, thought and interaction.
角色塑造：通过声音、动作、思考和互动来创造和表现一个角色的过程。
Motivation: The reason – the ‘why’ – behind a character’s actions or speech. Understanding motivation makes a performance truthful.
动机：角色行动或台词背后的理由，即“为什么”。理解动机让表演真实可信。
Subtext: The underlying meaning beneath the spoken dialogue. What a character really thinks or feels but does not say directly.
潜台词：对话字面之下的深层含义，即角色真正所想、所感却没有直接说出口的内容。
Status: The relative social or power position of a character. Status can be shown through body language, use of space and voice.
地位：角色在社会或权力关系中的相对位置。可通过肢体语言、空间运用和声音表现出来。
Role on the wall: A rehearsal technique where an outline of a character is drawn and filled with facts, feelings and questions to build understanding.
墙上角色：一种排练方法，画出角色轮廓并填入事实、感受和问题，以加深对角色的理解。
Hot-seating: A performer answers questions in character, helping to explore backstory and inner thoughts.
角色审问：演员以角色身份回答问题，有助于探索背景故事和内心想法。
5. Dramatic Structure & Devising Conventions | 戏剧结构与编创惯例
Exposition: The opening part of a play where characters, setting and background information are introduced.
开端：剧作的开头部分，介绍角色、场景和背景信息。
Rising action: The series of events that build conflict and tension, leading towards the climax.
上升行动：一系列建立冲突和紧张的事件，导向高潮。
Climax: The turning point of maximum intensity or crisis in the story.
高潮：故事中紧张度达到最高的转折点或危机时刻。
Denouement: The final part of the plot where conflicts are resolved and loose ends are tied up.
结局：情节的最后部分，冲突得到解决，悬念解开。
Flashback: A scene that goes back in time to show earlier events. It can reveal motivation or backstory.
闪回：回到过去展现早期事件的场景，可以揭示动机或背景故事。
Cross-cutting: A technique that alternates between two or more scenes happening at different times or places to create contrast or tension.
交叉剪辑：在两个或多个发生在不同时间或地点的场景之间交替，以制造对比或张力。
Narration: A performer speaks directly to the audience to tell part of the story, comment on the action or provide insight.
叙述：表演者直接向观众讲述部分故事、评论行动或提供见解。
Stimulus: A starting point for devising – such as a poem, image, piece of music or news article – that sparks creative ideas.
刺激素材：编创的出发点——例如一首诗、一幅画、一段音乐或一篇新闻报道，激发创意。
Improvisation: Unscripted performance created spontaneously in response to a stimulus or situation, used to generate material.
即兴表演：无剧本、根据刺激素材或情境即时创作的表演，用于产生素材。
Thought-tracking: A convention where the action freezes and a character speaks their inner thoughts aloud to the audience.
思维追踪：动作定格时一个角色向观众大声说出内心想法的惯例。
6. Set, Props & Staging | 布景、道具与舞台布置
Set: The physical environment on stage, including walls, furniture and structures, which creates location and period.
布景：舞台上的物理环境，包括墙壁、家具和结构，创造出地点和时代感。
Backdrop: A large painted cloth or flat hung at the rear of the stage, often used to suggest a setting like a sky or cityscape.
背景幕：悬挂在舞台后方的大型画布或景片，常用来暗示天空或城市风光等场景。
Flats: Lightweight wooden frames covered with canvas or plywood, used to construct walls and doorways on stage.
景片：覆盖帆布或胶合板的轻质木框，用来搭建舞台上的墙壁和门洞。
Cyclorama: A large curved curtain or wall at the back of the stage, often used for sky effects and coloured lighting.
弧形天幕：舞台后方的大幅弧形幕或墙，常用于天空效果和彩色灯光。
Rostra: Modular platforms that create different levels on stage, adding visual interest and spatial variety.
舞台平台：可组合的平台，在舞台上创造不同高度，增添视觉趣味和空间变化。
Props (properties): Any items handled or used by actors on stage, from swords and books to teacups and letters.
道具：演员在舞台上手持或使用的任何物品，从剑、书到茶杯和信件。
7. Lighting & Sound | 灯光与音效
Wash: A broad, even spread of light covering a large area of the stage.
铺光：覆盖舞台大片区域的广泛均匀光线。
Spotlight: A focused, narrow beam of light that highlights a single performer or area.
追光/点光：集中、狭窄的光束，用于突出单个演员或区域。
Gobo: A metal or glass stencil placed in front of a light to project patterns or shapes, such as leaves or window frames.
图案片：放置在灯具前的金属或玻璃模板，可投射出树叶或窗框等图案。
Blackout: A sudden and total absence of light, often used to mark the end of a scene or create a dramatic impact.
黑场：灯光突然全部熄灭，常用于标示场景结束或制造戏剧冲击。
Fade: A gradual increase (fade in) or decrease (fade out) of light or sound intensity over a measured time.
渐明/渐暗：在设定的时间内逐渐增强（渐明）或减弱（渐暗）灯光或音效的强度。
Cross-fade: One lighting or sound cue fades out as another fades in, creating a smooth transition.
交叉渐换：一个灯光或音效提示渐暗的同时另一个渐明，形成平滑过渡。
Diegetic sound: Sound that originates from within the world of the play, such as a radio on stage or a character’s footsteps.
剧情声音：源自剧中世界内部的声音，比如舞台上的收音机声或角色的脚步声。
Non-diegetic sound: Sound added for the audience only, like mood music or a narrator’s voice-over, not heard by the characters.
非剧情声音：仅为观众添加、角色听不到的声音，如情绪音乐或叙述者的画外音。
Underscore: Music or sound played softly beneath dialogue to heighten atmosphere or emotion.
背景配乐：在对话下轻柔播放的音乐或声音，以增强氛围或情感。
8. Costume, Make-up & Hair | 服装、化妆与发型
Costume: The clothes worn by an actor to represent a character’s period, social status, personality or occupation.
服装：演员为表现角色的时代、社会地位、个性或职业所穿的衣物。
Period costume: Clothing that accurately reflects a specific historical era, essential for plays set in the past.
时代服装：准确反映特定历史时期的衣着，对设定在过去的故事至关重要。
Colour symbolism: The deliberate use of colour in costume to suggest mood or character traits — for example, red for passion or danger, white for purity.
色彩象征：有意识地运用服装颜色来暗示情绪或性格特征——例如红色代表激情或危险，白色代表纯洁。
Make-up: Cosmetics applied to the face to exaggerate features, show age, change appearance or ensure visibility under stage lighting.
化妆：涂在面部的化妆品，用于夸张特征、表现年龄、改变容貌或确保在舞台灯光下清晰可见。
Prosthetics: Specially moulded pieces applied to the face or body to alter shape, create wounds or add fantasy features.
造型假体：专门塑形后贴在面部或身体上的部件，用以改变形状、制造伤口或添加奇幻特征。
Wigs and hair: Hairpieces and hairstyling that instantly define era, social class and character attitude.
假发与发型：假发和发型设计能立刻界定时代、社会阶层和角色态度。
Mask: A covering for part or all of the face. Masks can transform actors, create archetypes or be used in physical theatre.
面具：覆盖部分或全部面部的遮盖物。面具可以改变演员形象、创造原型或在形体戏剧中使用。
9. Rehearsal & Blocking Terms | 排练与走位术语
Blocking: The planned movement and positioning of actors on stage, determined by the director and recorded in the prompt script.
走位调度：导演确定并记录在提词剧本中演员在舞台上的动作和位置安排。
Cue: A signal for an actor to begin speaking or for a technical effect. Cues can be lines, movements, lights or sounds.
提示：示意演员开始说台词或执行技术效果的信号。提示可以是台词、动作、灯光或音效。
Off-book: The stage at which actors have fully memorised their lines and no longer need to hold a script.
脱稿：演员已经完全记住台词、不再需要拿剧本的阶段。
Tech rehearsal: A rehearsal focusing on integrating lighting, sound, set changes and other technical elements with the performance.
技术排练：重点整合灯光、音效、换景等技术元素与表演的排练。
Dress rehearsal: A full run-through with all costumes, make-up and technical elements, treated exactly as a live performance.
带妆彩排：完整彩排，穿戴全部服装、化妆并执行所有技术元素，完全仿真表演。
Run-through: A continuous rehearsal of the entire play or a large section without stopping, to test flow and timing.
通排：一口气不间断排演全剧或大段落，以检验连贯性和时间把控。
Director’s note: Guidance written by the director to shape the interpretation, mood and style of a production.
导演笔记：导演为塑造演出的构思、情绪和风格而写下的指导说明。
10. Theatre Styles & Genres | 戏剧风格与体裁
Naturalism: A style aiming to recreate life on stage as realistically as possible, with believable characters, everyday speech and authentic detail.
自然主义：一种尽可能在舞台上真实再现生活的风格，具有可信的角色、日常对话和真实细节。
Epic theatre: A style associated with Brecht that reminds the audience they are watching a play, using techniques like direct address, placards and narration to encourage critical thinking.
史诗剧：与布莱希特相关的风格，提醒观众他们在看戏，运用直接对观众说话、标语牌和叙述等手法激发批判性思考。
Physical theatre: A style where movement and the body are the primary storytelling tools, often working with minimal set and dialogue.
形体戏剧：以动作和身体为主要叙事工具的风格，常配合极简的布景和对话演出。
Comedy: A light-hearted genre designed to amuse, often involving misunderstandings, exaggerated characters and fortunate endings.
喜剧：旨在逗乐观众的轻松体裁，常包含误会、夸张的角色和圆满结局。
Tragedy: A serious genre where the protagonist faces downfall due to a fatal flaw or external forces, evoking pity and fear.
悲剧：严肃的戏剧体裁，主角因致命缺陷或外力走向毁灭，引发怜悯与恐惧。
Melodrama: A heightened, sensational style with clear heroes and villains, strong music and exaggerated emotion.
情节剧：夸张、轰动的戏剧风格，角色善恶分明，音乐强烈，情感过度渲染。
Absurdism: A genre that explores the meaninglessness of human existence through illogical situations, nonsense dialogue, and repetitive action.
荒诞派：
Published by TutorHao | Year 10 戏剧 Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导Cancel reply