Year 10 CCEA Geography: Vocabulary Quick Revision Guide | CCEA 十年级地理：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 10 CCEA Geography: Vocabulary Quick Revision Guide | CCEA 十年级地理：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering key geographical terms is half the battle in CCEA Year 10 Geography. This guide provides essential vocabulary grouped by topic, with clear English definitions followed by Chinese translations to help bilingual learners remember and apply these concepts in exams and fieldwork.

掌握关键地理术语是CCEA十年级地理成功的一半。本指南按主题整理了必备词汇，提供清晰的英文定义和中文翻译，帮助双语学习者记忆并在考试和实地调查中运用这些概念。

1. Map Skills and Location | 地图技能与定位

Latitude: Imaginary lines running east-west, parallel to the equator. Latitude values range from 0° at the equator to 90°N or 90°S at the poles. They are essential for describing global location.

纬度：与赤道平行的东西向假想线。纬度值从赤道的0°到两极的90°N或90°S，是描述全球位置的关键。

Longitude: Imaginary lines running north-south from pole to pole. The Prime Meridian (0° longitude) passes through Greenwich. Longitude is measured east or west up to 180°.

经度：从一极到另一极的南北向假想线。本初子午线（经度0°）经过格林威治。经度向东或向西测量，最大180°。

Contour line: A line on a map joining points of equal height above sea level. Closely spaced contours indicate steep slopes, while widely spaced contours show gentle slopes.

等高线：地图上连接海拔相等点的线。等高线密集表示陡坡，稀疏表示缓坡。

Scale: The relationship between a distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground, expressed as a ratio (e.g. 1:25,000) or a linear scale bar.

比例尺：地图上距离与实际地面距离的对应关系，以比率（如1:25,000）或线状比例尺表示。

Grid reference: A system using numbered lines to pinpoint a location on a map. A four-figure reference gives a square, while a six-figure reference locates a specific point.

网格坐标：使用带编号的线在地图上定位的系统。四位数字坐标给出一个方格，六位数字坐标可定位具体点。

2. River Landscapes | 河流地貌

Drainage basin: The area of land drained by a river and all its tributaries. The boundary of a drainage basin is called a watershed.

流域：河流及其所有支流排水的区域。流域的边界称为分水岭。

Erosion: The wearing away of the river bed and banks by processes such as hydraulic action, abrasion (rocks scraping), attrition (rocks colliding) and solution (dissolving).

侵蚀：通过水力作用、磨蚀（岩石刮擦）、磨耗（岩石碰撞）和溶蚀（溶解）等过程磨损河床和河岸。

Transportation: The movement of eroded material (load) by the river, including traction (large boulders rolled), saltation (pebbles bounced), suspension (fine particles carried) and solution (dissolved material).

搬运：河流将侵蚀物质（负载）搬运的过程，包括推移（大卵石滚动）、跃移（卵石弹跳）、悬移（细粒物质悬浮）和溶解搬运。

Meander: A bend or loop in a river channel, formed by lateral erosion on the outer bank and deposition on the inner bank. Over time, meanders migrate across the floodplain.

曲流：河道中的弯曲或回环，由外侧河岸的侧蚀和内侧河岸的沉积形成。曲流会随时间在泛滥平原上迁移。

Oxbow lake: A crescent-shaped lake formed when a meander is cut off from the main river, often during floods. It is a remnant of a former river bend.

牛轭湖：当曲流被从主河道截断（常因洪水）时形成的月牙形湖泊，是原河道弯曲的残留体。

3. Coastal Landscapes | 海岸地貌

Longshore drift: The movement of sediment along a coastline in a zigzag pattern caused by waves approaching at an angle. It is the main process moving material along a beach.

沿岸漂移：波浪以斜角接近海岸，导致沉积物沿海岸线呈之字形移动。这是将物质沿海滩搬运的主要过程。

Hydraulic action: A type of coastal erosion where the force of waves compresses air into cracks in rocks, widening them under pressure. This weakens

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