📚 Year 10 CIE Biology: 2026 Exam Changes and Trends | 十年级 CIE 生物：2026 年考试变化与趋势
The 2026 CIE IGCSE Biology examinations mark the continued implementation of a significantly updated syllabus that reshapes how students are assessed. For Year 10 learners, grasping these changes is essential for targeted preparation and achieving top grades. This article breaks down the key modifications, assessment shifts, and emerging trends that define the 2026 exam series.
2026年CIE IGCSE生物考试标志着经过大幅更新的课程大纲的持续实施，这将改变学生的评估方式。对于十年级学生来说，掌握这些变化对于有针对性的备考和取得优异成绩至关重要。本文详细解读了定义2026年考试系列的关键修改、评估转向以及新兴趋势。
1. Understanding the 2026 Syllabus Update | 了解2026年课程大纲更新
CIE introduced a revised IGCSE Biology syllabus for first teaching in 2023, with first examinations in 2025. The 2026 exams are the second full year of this updated specification, so the changes are now well established. The main objectives were to reduce rote memorisation and increase the emphasis on applying knowledge to unfamiliar contexts, evaluating scientific information, and demonstrating practical understanding.
CIE推出了修订后的IGCSE生物课程大纲，2023年首次教学，2025年首次考试。2026年考试是这一更新规范的第二年，因此这些变化已经确立。其主要目标是减少死记硬背，更加注重将知识应用于陌生情境、评价科学信息以及展现实践理解。
Key documents for 2026 include syllabus codes 0610 (international) and 0970 (UK schools). Both share identical content and assessment objectives, but 0970 is graded 9-1 while 0610 retains the A*-G scale. Students must ensure they are referencing the correct 2023-2025 syllabus for their 2026 sitting, as legacy specifications are no longer available.
2026年的关键文件包括课程大纲代码0610（国际）和0970（英国学校）。两者内容与评估目标完全相同，但0970采用9-1等级制，而0610保留A*-G等级。学生必须确保他们参考的是适用于2026年考试的2023-2025大纲，因为旧版规范已不再使用。
2. From 0610 to 0970: Syllabus Codes and Eligibility | 从0610到0970：课程代码与适用性
Most international centres will continue to use 0610, which is graded A*-G. The 0970 code was developed for UK centres and is graded 9-1, aligning with domestic reforms. Content and assessment demands are identical, so the choice of code does not affect the skills tested. However, it matters for university entry requirements in the UK, where 9-1 grades may be preferred or required.
大多数国际考试中心将继续使用0610，其等级为A*-G。0970代码则为英国考试中心开发，采用9-1等级，以配合该国教育改革。内容和评估要求完全相同，因此代码的选择不会影响所测试的技能。然而，这对英国大学入学要求有影响，9-1等级可能更受青睐或强制要求。
Year 10 students should confirm with their school which code they will be entered for. Regardless of the code, the 2026 exam papers will follow the same structure. The only practical difference is that results for 0970 are ungraded at component level for certain administrative uses, but this has no impact on the candidate’s final certificate.
十年级学生应与学校确认他们将报考哪个代码。无论哪种代码，2026年试卷都将遵循相同的结构。唯一实际的区别是0970的成绩在某些管理用途中不会在组成部分层面评定等级，但这不影响考生的最终证书。
3. Changes in Assessment Objectives | 评估目标的变化
One of the most impactful shifts is the reweighting of the three Assessment Objectives (AOs). Previously, AO1 (Knowledge with understanding) dominated at 50%, while AO2 (Handling information and problem solving) was 30% and AO3 (Experimental skills and investigations) 20%. The updated syllabus places AO1 and AO2 on an equal footing at 40% each, with AO3 remaining at 20%.
最具影响力的变动之一是三个评估目标（AO）的权重调整。此前，AO1（知识与理解）占主导地位，达50%，AO2（信息处理与问题解决）占30%，AO3（实验技能与调查研究）占20%。更新后的大纲将AO1与AO2置于同等地位，各占40%，AO3保持20%不变。
| Assessment Objective | Focus | Weighting (2026) |
|---|---|---|
| AO1 | Knowledge with understanding | 40% |
| AO2 | Handling information and problem solving | 40% |
| AO3 | Experimental skills and investigations | 20% |
This rebalancing means straightforward recall questions carry less weight, while questions that ask students to interpret data, explain trends, or propose solutions have become more frequent. The 40% AO2 allocation includes applying biological principles to novel scenarios, a skill that demands a deeper grasp of concepts rather than surface-level memorisation.
这种再平衡意味着直接的回忆类题目权重降低，而要求学生解释数据、阐述趋势或提出解决方案的题目更加常见。40%的AO2比例包括将生物学原理应用于新情境的能力，这一技能需要对概念有更深层次的掌握，而非表面记忆。
4. Core vs Extended: Choosing the Right Tier | 核心与扩展：选择合适的层次
The 2026 exam retains the Core and Extended tier system. Core students sit Paper 1 (Multiple Choice) and Paper 3 (Theory), with the maximum achievable grade of C (or grade 5 on 0970). Extended students sit Paper 2 (Multiple Choice) and Paper 4 (Theory), with access to grades A*-G (9-1). The choice must be made before the examination period and cannot be changed on the day.
2026年考试保留了核心与扩展层级的制度。核心层级学生参加试卷1（选择题）和试卷3（理论题），最高可获得C级（0970为5级）。扩展层级学生参加试卷2（选择题）和试卷4（理论题），可获得A*-G（9-1）全等级。该选择必须在考试期前做出，不可在考试当天更改。
Extended papers test the same core content but include supplementary material and demand higher-order thinking. Questions often require linking multiple topics, such as explaining how enzyme inactivity at low temperatures affects respiration in a specific organism. Year 10 students aiming for a grade B or above should target the Extended route early in their revision.
扩展试卷考查相同的核心内容，但包含补充材料并需要更高层次的思维。题目通常要求联系多个主题，例如解释低温下酶失活如何影响某一特定生物体的呼吸作用。目标是获得B级或以上的十年级学生应尽早以扩展路线为目标进行复习。
5. Paper 1/2: Multiple-Choice Questions Redefined | 试卷1/2：重新定义的选择题
Both Paper 1 (Core) and Paper 2 (Extended) consist of 40 compulsory multiple-choice questions, to be completed in 45 minutes. While the format looks similar to previous years, the nature of the questions has evolved. There is a noticeable decrease in simple definition-based items and an increase in questions that present a short data set, graph, or experimental set-up.
试卷1（核心）和试卷2（扩展）均由40道必做选择题组成，用时45分钟。虽然形式与往年相似，但题目的性质已发生变化。基于简单定义的项目明显减少，而呈现简短数据集、图表或实验装置的题目有所增加。
For example, a question might show a diagram of an osmosis experiment and ask the student to predict the final water level after 20 minutes, rather than simply asking for a definition of osmosis. This shift rewards students who can apply concepts in practical contexts. Practising with unfamiliar scenarios under timed conditions is essential.
例如，一道题可能展示一个渗透实验的示意图，并要求学生预测20分钟后的最终水位，而不是简单地要求给出渗透的定义。这种转变奖励那些能在实践情境中应用概念的学生。在限时条件下练习应对陌生情境至关重要。
6. Paper 3/4: Theory Papers and New Command Words | 试卷3/4：理论试卷与新指令词
Paper 3 (Core Theory) and Paper 4 (Extended Theory) are each 1 hour 15 minutes long and carry 80 marks. These papers consist of short-answer and structured questions. The updated syllabus places greater emphasis on command words such as ‘explain’, ‘suggest’, ‘evaluate’, and ‘calculate’. Responses must now demonstrate logical reasoning and often require a chain of biological arguments.
试卷3（核心理论）和试卷4（扩展理论）各为1小时15分钟，满分80分。这些试卷由简答题和结构化问题组成。更新后的大纲更加注重指令词，如“解释”（explain）、“提出”（suggest）、“评价”（evaluate）和“计算”（calculate）。答案现在必须展示逻辑推理，并通常需要呈现一连串的生物学论证。
An ‘explain’ question about enzyme denaturation might award marks for mentioning changes in the active site, loss of complementary shape, and consequent inability to bind the substrate. Crucially, simply stating ‘the enzyme is denatured’ is no longer sufficient. Students should practise breaking down such terms and building full, stepwise explanations.
一个关于酶变性的“解释”题可能因提及活性位点变化、互补形状丧失以及因此无法与底物结合而得分。至关重要的是，仅仅说“酶变性了”已经不够。学生应练习分解这些术语并构建完整、分步的解释。
7. Practical Assessment: Papers 5 and 6 | 实验评估：试卷5和6
The practical component is assessed either through Paper 5 (Practical Test) or Paper 6 (Alternative to Practical). Both are 1 hour and carry 40 marks. Paper 5 involves hands-on experiments conducted under supervised conditions, while Paper 6 is a written paper about experimental techniques, data handling, and analysis. Schools choose the route based on facilities.
实践部分的评估通过试卷5（实验操作考试）或试卷6（实验替代笔试）进行。两者均为1小时，满分40分。试卷5是在监考条件下进行动手实验，而试卷6则是关于实验技术、数据处理和分析的笔试。学校根据设施条件选择途径。
The 2026 papers require students to plan investigations, identify variables, record and present data in tables and graphs, and evaluate sources of error. For instance, a question might provide results from a photosynthesis experiment and ask the candidate to explain an anomalous result and suggest an improvement. Familiarity with common apparatus and units (e.g. measuring temperature in °C, volume in cm³) is assumed.
2026年试卷要求学生设计调查方案、识别变量、用表格和图形记录并呈现数据，以及评价误差来源。例如，一道题可能提供光合作用实验的结果，并让考生解释异常结果并提出改进建议。要求熟悉常用仪器和单位（如用°C测量温度，用cm³测量体积）。
8. Mathematical Skills and Data Analysis | 数学技能与数据分析
Mathematics accounts for approximately 10% of the marks across the theory papers, a standard that continues in 2026. Students must be confident in performing calculations such as percentage change, magnification, and rates of reaction. The use of calculators is permitted, but setting up the correct equation remains the key challenge.
数学部分约占理论试卷总分的10%，这一标准在2026年延续。学生必须能自信地进行计算，如百分比变化、放大倍数和反应速率。允许使用计算器，但列出正确的方程式仍是主要挑战。
Magnification = Image size ÷ Actual size
Percentage change = (Final value – Initial value) ÷ Initial value × 100%
Rate of reaction = Change in concentration or volume ÷ Time
Beyond calculations, interpreting graphs is heavily tested. Candidates may need to describe trends, compare data sets, and extrapolate lines. The 2026 trend is towards more integrated maths-biology questions, such as calculating the rate of water uptake from a graph of transpiration and then explaining the biological factors that caused a change in the rate.
除计算外，图表解释是高频考点。考生可能需要描述趋势、比较数据集并推断线条延伸。2026年的趋势是出现更多数学-生物融合题，例如根据蒸腾作用图表计算吸水速率，然后解释导致速率变化的生物学因素。
9. The Trends Towards Context-Based and Applied Questions | 基于情境与应用题的命题趋势
A clear trend in the 2026 series is the use of real-world contexts to frame questions. Topics such as diabetes management, antibiotic resistance, and conservation of biodiversity are woven into exam items. This means students cannot rely on isolated knowledge of a topic like hormone regulation; they must see how it relates to health, technology, and society.
2026年考试系列的一个明显趋势是利用现实世界的情境来构建问题。诸如糖尿病管理、抗生素耐药性以及生物多样性保护等主题被编织进考题中。这意味着学生不能仅依赖对激素调节等主题的孤立知识；他们必须了解其与健康、技术和社会的联系。
Additionally, cross-topic integration is more frequent. A question on respiration might include aspects of enzyme function, gas exchange, and the circulatory system. Success in such questions depends on building a mental map of connections across the entire syllabus. Mind maps and summary tables that link topics (e.g. plant transport and stomatal control) are invaluable revision tools.
此外，跨主题整合更加频繁。一道关于呼吸作用的题可能包含酶功能、气体交换和循环系统的内容。要成功解答此类问题，需要建立贯穿整个课程大纲的关联思维导图。连接各个主题（如植物运输与气孔控制）的思维导图和总结表是宝贵的复习工具。
10. How to Prepare Effectively for the 2026 Exams | 如何有效备考2026年考试
Year 10 students should adopt a strategy that mirrors the exam’s demands. Start by downloading the 2023-2025 syllabus from the Cambridge International website and use its learning objectives as a checklist. Regular practice with past papers from 2025 onwards is crucial, as older papers may reflect a heavier AO1 weighting and less application.
十年级学生应采取反映考试要求的策略。首先从剑桥国际官网下载2023-2025课程大纲，并将学习目标用作检查清单。定期练习2025年及以后的历年真题至关重要，因为较早的试卷可能体现更重的AO1权重和较少的应用。
Dedicate time to mastering command words by writing out full-sentence answers that include ‘because’ and ‘so’. For practical skills, even if you are taking Paper 6, review actual experimental procedures and common errors online. Finally, build your mathematical confidence through targeted worksheets on magnification, surface area to volume ratio, and graph drawing. Consistent, active revision is the key to excelling in the evolving biology assessment.
花时间掌握指令词，写出包含“因为”（because）和“所以”（so）的完整句子答案。对于实验技能，即使你参加的是试卷6，也要在网上复习实际实验步骤和常见错误。最后，通过针对放大倍数、表面积与体积比以及图形绘制的练习题建立数学自信。持续、主动的复习是在不断演变的生物评估中脱颖而出的关键。
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