Year 10 CIE Music: Key Terminology Quick Guide | Year 10 CIE 音乐：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 10 CIE Music: Key Terminology Quick Guide | Year 10 CIE 音乐：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering musical vocabulary is the first step to unlocking high scores in CIE IGCSE Music. This guide organises essential terms into logical categories and pairs each with simple memory hooks. You will learn to identify, remember, and apply these words confidently in listening papers, compositions, and performances. The paired English-Chinese explanations make revision efficient, especially for bilingual learners.

掌握音乐词汇是在 CIE IGCSE 音乐考试中取得高分的第一步。本指南将关键术语按逻辑分类，并为每个术语搭配了简易记忆窍门。你将学会在听力试卷、作曲和演奏中自信地识别、记忆和运用这些词语。中英对照的解释让双语学习者的复习更加高效。

1. Dynamics | 力度术语速记

pp (pianissimo): very soft. The double ‘p’ hints at a whisper.

pp (pianissimo): 非常弱。两个 ‘p’ 就像在说悄悄话。

p (piano): soft. Think of a gentle piano stroke.

p (piano): 弱。想象轻柔的钢琴触键。

mp (mezzo piano): moderately soft. ‘Mezzo’ means half or medium.

mp (mezzo piano): 中弱。’Mezzo’ 意为一半或中等。

mf (mezzo forte): moderately loud. The halfway point towards power.

mf (mezzo forte): 中强。向强音过渡的中间点。

f (forte): loud. Forte sounds like ‘force’.

f (forte): 强。Forte 听起来像 “force”（力量）。

ff (fortissimo): very loud. Double ‘f’ doubles the force.

ff (fortissimo): 非常强。两个 ‘f’ 让力量翻倍。

crescendo (cresc.): gradually getting louder. Picture sound growing, like a crescent moon expanding.

crescendo (cresc.): 渐强。想象声音逐渐放大，像月牙渐满。

diminuendo (dim.): gradually getting softer. ‘Diminish’ means to reduce.

diminuendo (dim.): 渐弱。’Diminish’ 意为减少。

sforzando (sfz): a sudden strong accent. Think of a sudden ‘sforz’ – a forceful push.

sforzando (sfz): 突强。突然的强力重音，像猛地一推。

Memory tip: Link piano with ‘piano whisper’, forte with ‘fortress loudness’, and crescendo with a ‘crescent of volume’.

记忆贴士：把 piano 联想为 “钢琴轻声细语”， forte 联想为 “堡垒般响亮”， crescendo 联想为 “渐满的音量月牙”。

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2. Tempo Markings | 速度标记速记

Largo: very slow and broad (40–60 bpm). Imagine a large, slow-moving elephant.

Largo: 非常慢且宽广（40–60 bpm）。想象一头巨大缓慢移动的大象。

Lento: slow (45–60 bpm). ‘Lent’ suggests lingering, like Lent season slowly unfolding.

Lento: 缓慢（45–60 bpm）。’Lent’ 有徘徊之意，像四旬期缓缓展开。

Adagio: slow and stately (66–76 bpm). ‘Adagio’ contains ‘agio’ – at ease, a calm stroll.

Adagio: 缓慢而庄严（66–76 bpm）。’Adagio’ 中含 ‘agio’（舒适），如从容漫步。

Andante: walking pace (76–108 bpm). ‘Andare’ means to walk in Italian.

Andante: 行板（76–108 bpm）。意大利语 ‘andare’ 意为行走。

Moderato: moderate speed (108–120 bpm). Simply moderate, like a steady jog.

Moderato: 中板（108–120 bpm）。节奏适中，像平稳的慢跑。

Allegro: fast and lively (120–156 bpm). ‘Allegro’ sounds cheerful, allegro = happy sprint.

Allegro: 快板（120–156 bpm）。’Allegro’ 听起来愉快，快而活泼。

Vivace: very lively and fast (156–176 bpm). Vivacious energy.

Vivace: 非常活泼且快速（156–176 bpm）。充满 ‘vivacious’（生机勃勃的）能量。

Presto: extremely fast (168–200 bpm). Presto like a magician’s instant trick.

Presto: 急板（168–200 bpm）。像魔术师瞬间变戏法那样急速。

Accelerando (accel.): gradually speeding up. Accelerate.

Accelerando (accel.): 渐快。加速。

Ritardando (rit.): gradually slowing down. ‘Ritard’ = to delay.

Ritardando (rit.): 渐慢。’Ritard’ 意为延迟。

A tempo: return to the original speed. ‘A’ = to, ‘tempo’ = time.

A tempo: 回到原速。’A’ 意为回，’tempo’ 意为速度。

Memory tip: Rank them from slowest animal (largo elephant) to fastest (presto hummingbird). Practice with a metronome app.

记忆贴士：按最慢动物（Largo 大象）到最快（Presto 蜂鸟）排序。用节拍器 app 练习。

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3. Tonality & Scales | 调性与音阶

Major tonality: sounds bright, happy, using a major scale pattern (T-T-S-T-T-T-S).

大调: 听感明亮、快乐，使用大调音阶模式（全全半全全全半）。

Minor tonality: often sad, serious. Natural minor descends with T-S-T-T-S-T-T.

小调: 常感悲伤、严肃。自然小调下行：全半全全半全全。

Harmonic minor: raises the 7th note, creating an exotic leap (augmented 2nd between 6th and 7th).

和声小调: 升高第7级音，在第6与第7级间产生增二度，富有异域感。

Melodic minor: raises 6th and 7th ascending, reverts to natural minor descending.

旋律小调: 上行升高第6、7级，下行还原为自然小调。

Modal scales: Dorian (D–D white notes), Mixolydian (G–G), etc. Used in folk and jazz.

调式音阶: 多利亚（D–D 白键），混合利底亚（G–G）等。常见于民谣与爵士。

Chromatic scale: moves entirely by semitones, all 12 notes.

半音阶: 完全由半音移动，12个音。

Pentatonic scale: five-note scale, common in folk music worldwide (e.g. CDEGA).

五声音阶: 五个音的音阶，常见于世界各地民谣（如 C D E G A）。

Whole-tone scale: only whole steps, dreamy impressionist sound (Debussy).

全音音阶: 全由全音构成，梦幻印象派音响（德彪西）。

Memory: Major = ‘happy day’; Minor = ‘sad tale’. Harmonic minor’s exotic gap sounds like a snake charmer.

记忆：大调 = “快乐的一天”；小调 = “悲伤的故事”。和声小调的异域间隔像耍蛇人。

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4. Intervals & Chords | 音程与和弦速记

Interval quality: Perfect (unison, 4th, 5th, octave), Major/Minor (2nd, 3rd, 6th, 7th). Augmented/Diminished alter these.

音程性质: 纯音程（同度、四度、五度、八度），大/小音程（二度、三度、六度、七度）。增/减音程变化而来。

Major 3rd: 4 semitones, happy. Minor 3rd: 3 semitones, sad.

大三度: 4 个半音，快乐。小三度：3 个半音，悲伤。

Perfect 5th: 7 semitones, hollow and stable. Power chord in rock.

纯五度: 7 个半音，空灵而稳定。摇滚强力和弦。

Triad: root, 3rd, 5th. Major triad = major 3rd + perfect 5th. Minor = minor 3rd + perfect 5th.

三和弦: 根音、三度、五度。大三和弦 = 大三度+纯五度。小三和弦 = 小三度+纯五度。

Diminished triad: minor 3rd + diminished 5th. Sounds tense, horror-film tension.

减三和弦: 小三度+减五度。听觉紧张，恐怖片气氛。

Augmented triad: major 3rd + augmented 5th. Dreamy, whole-tone feel.

增三和弦: 大三度+增五度。梦幻感，全音阶色彩。

Perfect cadence: V–I. Sounds final, like a musical full stop.

正格终止: V–I。听感完整，像音乐的句号。

Plagal cadence: IV–I. ‘Amen’ cadence in hymns.

变格终止: IV–I。赞美诗中 “阿门” 终止。

Imperfect cadence: ends on V (e.g. I–V). Feels unfinished, comma.

半终止: 结束于 V 级（如 I–V）。不完整感，像逗号。

Interrupted cadence: V–vi. A surprise; listener expects I but gets vi.

阻碍终止: V–vi。让人意外；期待 I 却到 vi。

Tip: Use ear training: perfect 5th = ‘Twinkle Twinkle’ first two notes, major 3rd = ‘Kumbaya’.

技巧：用练耳记忆：纯五度 = “小星星” 前两个音，大三度 = “Kumbaya” 开头。

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5. Rhythm & Metre | 节奏与节拍速记

Simple time: each beat divides into 2 equal parts. e.g. 2/4, 3/4, 4/4.

单拍子: 每拍分成 2 等份。如 2/4, 3/4, 4/4。

Compound time: each beat divides into 3 equal parts (dotted beat). e.g. 6/8, 9/8, 12/8.

复拍子: 每拍分成 3 等份（附点节奏）。如 6/8, 9/8, 12/8。

Duple, Triple, Quadruple: number of beats per bar (2, 3, 4).

二拍子、三拍子、四拍子: 每小节的拍数（2、3、4）。

Syncopation: emphasis off the main beat. Creates a ‘push’ feel, common in jazz and pop.

切分音: 重音在弱拍或弱位。产生 “推动感”，爵士和流行常见。

Dotted rhythm: a dot increases note length by half. Dotted crotchet = 1.5 beats.

附点节奏: 附点将音符时值增加一半。附点四分音符 = 1.5 拍。

Triplet: three notes played in the time of two. Written with a ‘3’ bracket.

三连音: 在原本两音的时值内演奏三个音。标有 “3” 连音线。

Swing rhythm: uneven quavers, long-short pairing, typical in jazz.

摇摆节奏: 不均衡的八分音符，一长一短组合，爵士典型。

Anacrusis: an upbeat, an incomplete bar at the start.

弱起小节: 不完全小节开始的弱拍。

Memory: Simple time beats go ‘coffee, coffee’; compound goes ‘coffee tea, coffee tea’. Clap the subdivision.

记忆：单拍子象 “咖啡,咖啡”（二分法）；复拍子象 “咖啡茶,咖啡茶”（三分法）。拍手体会儿划分。

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6. Texture | 织体速记

Monophonic: a single melody line, no accompaniment. Think of a lone singer or Gregorian chant.

单声织体: 单一旋律线，无伴奏。想象独唱者或格里高利圣咏。

Homophonic: melody with chordal accompaniment. Most pop songs and hymns.

主调织体: 旋律加和弦伴奏。多数流行歌曲和赞美诗。

Polyphonic / Contrapuntal: two or more independent melodies interwoven. Fugues, rounds.

复调织体: 两条或更多独立旋律交织。赋格、轮唱曲。

Heterophonic: same melody played simultaneously with slight variations. Common in world music (e.g. Gamelan, folk).

支声织体: 同一条旋律同时以稍加变化演奏。常见于世界音乐（甘美兰、民谣）。

Melody and accompaniment: a specific homophonic type where a clear melody stands over a supportive part.

旋律与伴奏: 主调织体的一种，清晰旋律浮于伴奏之上。

Unison texture: everyone plays the same pitch simultaneously (octave duplicates allowed).

齐奏织体: 所有人同时奏相同音高（允许多个八度）。

Visual memory: Mono = one line, Homo = melody + chord blocks, Poly = multiple intertwining lines.

视觉记忆：Mono = 一条线，Homo = 旋律 + 和弦块，Poly = 多条交织的线。

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7. Form & Structure | 曲式结构速记

Binary form (AB): two sections, often contrasting key and theme. Dance suites use it.

二段体 (AB): 两个乐段，常调性与主题对比。舞曲组曲常用。

Ternary form (ABA): A section, contrasting B, return of A. Often with a da capo sign. Minuet and trio.

三段体 (ABA): A段，对比B段，A段再现。常见于小步舞曲与中段。

Rondo form (ABACA): recurring A section alternates with contrasting episodes. Lively finale structure.

回旋曲式 (ABACA): 叠句A反复出现，插入对比段落。活泼的终曲结构。

Theme and variations: a main theme (A) followed by varied versions (A’, A”, A”’…). Classical symphonies feature this.

主题与变奏: 主题 (A) 之后接变奏 (A’, A”, A”’…)。古典交响曲常见。

Strophic form: same music repeated for each verse. Common in hymns and folk songs.

分节歌: 同一曲调配上多段歌词。赞美诗和民谣常见。

Through-composed: no large sectional repeats, music continuously evolves (Schubert’s Erlkoenig).

通谱体: 没有大段反复，音乐持续发展（舒伯特《魔王》）。

Sonata form: Exposition (themes 1 and 2), Development, Recapitulation. Sophisticated structure from Classical era.

奏鸣曲式: 呈示部（主题1、2）、展开部、再现部。古典时期精致结构。

Tip: Use ‘sandwich’ for ternary (A-B-A), ‘kebab’ for rondo (meat = A).

贴士：用 “三明治” 记三段体 (A-B-A)，”烤串” 记回旋曲 (A 为肉串)。

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8. Articulation & Expression | 演奏法与表情速记

Staccato: short, detached notes. Marked with a dot. Imagine plucking a hot potato.

断奏: 短促分离的音。标记为小圆点。想象捏烫土豆。

Legato: smooth, connected notes. Indicated by a slur. Like drawing a long silk ribbon.

连奏: 平滑连贯的音。用连线表示。如拉出一条丝带。

Tenuto: hold the note for its full value, slight emphasis. Line over or under note.

持续音: 充分保持音符时值，略加强调。音符上/下划横线。

Accent (> or sfz): play the note with sudden force.

重音 (> 或 sfz): 突加强力演奏该音。

Marcato (^): marked, strongly accented, like a hammer stroke.

强音加强 (^): 显著的强重音，如锤击。

Pizzicato (pizz.): pluck the string (string instruments). Then ‘arco’ means use the bow again.

拨奏 (pizz.): 弦乐器手指拨弦。后用 ‘arco’ 恢复弓奏。

Tremolo: rapid repetition of a single note or alternation between two notes. Creates tension.

震音: 快速重复一个音，或两音快速交替。制造紧张感。

Glissando: a rapid slide up or down across pitches. Iconic in harp and trombone.

滑奏: 快速

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