📚 Year 10 Edexcel Chinese: In-depth Analysis of Past Papers | Year 10 Edexcel 中文：历年真题深度解析
Preparing for the Edexcel Year 10 Chinese examination requires a thorough understanding of past paper trends, common question types, and the specific skills tested across listening, reading, writing, and speaking. This article provides a detailed breakdown of real exam patterns, offering actionable strategies and highlighting the nuances that can elevate your performance from a passing grade to a top score.
备考 Edexcel Year 10 中文考试，需要深入了解历年真题的出题趋势、常见题型以及听力、阅读、写作和口语所考察的具体技能。本文对真实考题模式进行了详细拆解，提供可操作的备考策略，并强调那些能将你的成绩从及格提升到高分的细微之处。
1. Understanding the Edexcel Chinese Exam Structure | 理解爱德思中文考试结构
The Edexcel Year 10 Chinese qualification (typically GCSE 1CN0 or IGCSE 4CN1) is divided into four key papers: Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing. Each paper contributes a fixed percentage to the final grade, with Reading and Writing often carrying the most weight. Familiarising yourself with the timing, number of questions, and mark allocation for each section is the first step towards an effective revision plan.
Edexcel Year 10 中文资质考试（通常为 GCSE 1CN0 或 IGCSE 4CN1）分为四个核心试卷：听力、口语、阅读和写作。每份试卷在最终成绩中占有固定比重，阅读和写作往往权重最大。熟悉每个部分的考试时长、题目数量和分值分配，是制定有效复习计划的第一步。
Past papers reveal that the Listening paper usually features multiple-choice questions, gap-fill exercises, and short-answer responses in English or Chinese. The Reading paper tests comprehension through similar formats, often including a translation task. The Writing paper requires a short essay and a translation from English into Chinese, while the Speaking component involves a role-play, a picture-based discussion, and a general conversation.
历年真题显示，听力试卷通常包含选择题、填空题以及需要用英文或中文作答的简答题。阅读试卷通过类似形式测试理解能力，通常还包括一项翻译任务。写作试卷要求写一篇短文并将英文翻译成中文，而口语部分则包括角色扮演、看图讨论和自由对话。
2. Listening Comprehension: Common Pitfalls | 听力理解：常见陷阱
One of the most frequent mistakes in the listening exam is fixating on a single familiar word and missing the overall message. Edexcel recordings are designed to include distractors—information that sounds correct but is contradicted later. Train your ear to listen for discourse markers such as ‘keshi’ (but), ‘qishi’ (actually), and ‘buguo’ (however), as they often signal a change of opinion or new information.
听力考试中最常见的错误之一是只盯住一个熟悉的词而忽略了整体信息。Edexcel 的录音材料专门设计了干扰信息——那些听起来正确但随后会被推翻的内容。训练耳朵去捕捉’可是’、’其实’、’不过’等话语标记，因为它们往往预示看法的转变或新信息的出现。
Past papers also show that numbers, dates, and prices are almost always tested. Be prepared to distinguish between similar-sounding digits like ‘1’ (yi) and ‘7’ (qi), and between ‘4’ (si) and ’10’ (shi) in different regional accents. Practise writing down digits as you hear them, then converting them into the required format, such as writing ‘¥12.50’ in Chinese characters or pinyin as specified.
历年真题还表明，数字、日期和价格几乎必考。要准备好区分像’1’（yi）和’7’（qi）、’4’（si）和’10’（shi）这些在不同口音中发音相似的数字。练习边听边写下数字，然后根据要求将其转换为所需格式，比如用汉字或拼音写出’12.50元’。
A further layer of complexity is the tone of voice and background sound effects used to set a scene. For example, if a conversation takes place in a market, haggling vocabulary like ‘tai gui le’ (too expensive) and ‘pianyi yidian ba’ (cheaper, please) will be key. Always read the context introduction on the question paper before the recording begins.
另一层复杂性在于设定场景时所用的语调和背景音效。例如，如果对话发生在市场，那么’太贵了’、’便宜一点儿吧’等讨价还价用语就很关键。务必在录音开始前阅读问卷上的情境介绍。
3. Reading and Responding: Effective Strategies | 阅读与回应：高效策略
In the reading paper, scanning for keywords is essential but insufficient. Edexcel examiners frequently use synonyms and paraphrasing to test deeper comprehension. For instance, a text might say ‘wo dui yundong bu gan xingqu’ (I am not interested in sports), and the question will ask about the writer’s hobby, expecting ‘not active’ or ‘dislikes exercise’. Build a mental bank of synonyms for common adjectives and verbs.
在阅读试卷中，寻找关键词是必要的，但还不够。Edexcel 考官经常使用同义词和转述来测试更深层次的理解。例如，文中可能说’我对运动不感兴趣’，而问题会问作者的爱好，期待’不爱动’或’不喜欢锻炼’这样的答案。为常见的形容词和动词建立同义词心理词库。
For the ‘find the correct character’ or multi-choice grammar cloze questions, pay close attention to measure words, conjunctions, and sentence-final particles like ‘le’, ‘ma’, and ‘ne’. These small words carry significant grammatical meaning and are a favourite area for setting traps. When you encounter a ‘select the four correct statements’ task, eliminate the obviously wrong options first by matching them with the text’s negative expressions and timelines.
对于’找出正确汉字’或多项选择语法完形填空题，要特别留意量词、连词和’了’、’吗’、’呢’等句末语气词。这些虚词承载着重要的语法意义，是考官喜欢设置陷阱的地方。遇到’选出四个正确陈述’的题型时，先通过对照文中的否定表达和时间线排除明显错误的选项。
The reading-to-writing transfer task, where you must extract information and reformulate it into a short written piece, demands accuracy in both comprehension and production. When you read the source text, underline the specific details requested by the bullet points in the question. Then, instead of copying directly, practise rewriting the information using different sentence structures while preserving the original meaning.
阅读转写作任务要求考生提取信息并将其重新组织成一篇短文，这对理解和产出两方面的准确性都有要求。阅读源文时，在题目要点所要求的具体细节下划线。然后，不要直接抄写，而要练习用不同的句式改写信息，同时保持原意不变。
4. Writing Tasks: Navigating the Short Essay | 写作任务：应对短文写作
The writing paper demands a structured response of around 80–120 characters for the short essay, depending on the tier. Analysing past papers shows that high-scoring responses consistently adhere to a clear format: an opening sentence that addresses the first bullet point, a developed middle section covering the remaining points, and a concluding remark that offers a personal feeling or future plan. Avoid the temptation to ramble; each sentence must serve a purpose aligned with the task.
写作试卷要求短文部分写出约 80 到 120 个字（视级别而定）的有结构回应。分析真题发现，高分答案始终遵循清晰的格式：一个回应第一个要点的开头句，一个覆盖其余要点的展开中间段，以及一个表达个人感受或未来计划的结束语。要避免漫无边际；每个句子都必须服务于与任务相关的目的。
Common topics from past papers include ‘My School Day’, ‘A Holiday Trip’, ‘My Best Friend’, ‘Healthy Eating’, and ‘Future Plans’. For each, prepare a core vocabulary list and a few advanced sentence patterns, such as ‘sui ran… dan shi…’ (although…), ‘chu le… yi wai…’ (apart from…), and ‘yi bian… yi bian…’ (doing… while…). Your piece should showcase a range of tenses: use ‘le’ for completed actions, ‘zai’ or ‘zhengzai’ for ongoing actions, and ‘hui’ or ‘yao’ for future intentions.
历年真题中的常见话题包括’我的一天学校生活’、’一次假日旅行’、’我最好的朋友’、’健康饮食’和’未来计划’。为每个话题准备核心词汇表和几个高级句型，例如’虽然……但是……’、’除了……以外……’、’一边……一边……’。你的文章应该展示多种时态：用’了’表示完成，用’在’或’正在’表示进行，用’会’或’要’表示将来。
Handwriting legibility and correct stroke formation can subtly influence the examiner’s overall impression. While not explicitly marked for beauty, unclear characters can be deemed errors. Focus on proportional spacing within each square and make sure components like ‘氵’ (three drops of water) and ‘冫’ (two drops of ice) are distinct.
书写清晰和正确笔顺能潜移默化地影响考官的总体印象。虽然不专门就美观评分，但不清晰的字可能被判定为错字。注意方格内各部分的比例分配，确保像’氵’（三点水）和’冫’（两点水）之类的部件区别明显。
5. Character Writing and Stroke Order Mastery | 汉字书写与笔顺掌握
Examiners’ reports consistently highlight character recall as a barrier to higher marks in writing and translation. To overcome this, abandon passive recognition drills in favour of active recall using past paper sentences. Take a list of the 400–600 foundational characters and write them out in the context of a full phrase, as the brain retains information better when it is meaningful and connected.
考官报告一再强调，汉字回忆是写作和翻译取得高分的一大障碍。要克服这一点，就要放弃被动的认读练习，转而利用真题句子进行主动回忆。拿出一份 400 到 600 个的基础汉字表，在完整短语的语境下把它们写出来，因为大脑在有意义且有关联的情况下能更好地记住信息。
Radical-based learning is a powerful tool. When you encounter a difficult character like ‘xihuan’ (like), break it down: ‘xi’ (喜) has the ‘kou’ mouth and ‘shi’ scholar components, while ‘huan’ (欢) contains ‘you’ again and ‘qian’ lack. Analyse past papers to identify the most frequently misspelled characters, such as ‘chang’ (often) vs. ‘chang’ (long), or ‘zai’ (at) vs. ‘jian’ (see) when written quickly.
部首学习法是个强大的工具。当你遇到像’喜欢’这样的难字时，把它拆解开：’喜’有口和士的部件，而’欢’包含’又’和’欠’。分析真题，找出最常写错的字，比如’常’和’长’，或者书写潦草时容易混淆的’在’和’见’。
A practical exercise from past papers is the pinyin-to-character conversion. Set a timer and transcribe sentences read aloud from old listening scripts, then check your accuracy against the transcripts. This mimics the real demand of translating thoughts into characters under time pressure and sharpens your awareness of homophones like ‘gong zuo’ (work) and ‘gong zuo’ (trade union).
真题中有一个实用练习，即拼音转汉字。计时，将旧听力录音脚本中朗读的句子听写下来，然后对照原文检查准确性。这模拟了在时间压力下将思维转换成文字的真实要求，并提高你对同音字如’工作’和’工会’的敏感度。
6. Grammar Focus: Key Patterns Tested | 语法重点：常考的句型
A review of five consecutive years’ papers reveals that comparative structures (‘bi’), the passive voice (‘bei’), and the attributive ‘de’ with extended modifiers are tested almost annually. A typical reading task might ask you to identify who performed an action in a ‘bei’ sentence, while a grammar gap-fill will distinguish between ‘de’ (possessive), ‘de’ (adverbial), and ‘de’ (complement).
回顾连续五年的试卷可以发现，比较结构（’比’）、被动语态（’被’）和带扩展修饰语的定语’的’几乎年年都考。典型的阅读题可能会要求你找出’被’字句中动作的执行者，而语法填空题则会区分’的’（所有格）、’地’（状语）和’得’（补语）。
Time expressions and their positions in a sentence are another focus. In Chinese, time words usually come before the verb, unlike English. A past paper question may rearrange ‘wo zuotian zai tushuguan kan shu’ (I yesterday at the library read a book) into a jumbled order, testing your knowledge of the Subject-Time-Place-Action sequence. Practise constructing sentences using this template until it becomes automatic.
时间表达及其在句中的位置是另一个重点。与英语不同，汉语的时间词通常出现在动词之前。一道真题可能会把’我昨天在图书馆看书’打乱顺序，考察你对主-时-地-动句序的了解。练习用这个模板造句，直到能自动运用。
The aspect markers ‘le’, ‘guo’, and ‘zhe’ are subtle but crucial. ‘Le’ indicates a completed action or a change of state, ‘guo’ an experience, and ‘zhe’ a continuous state. In translation tasks, choosing the wrong marker can distort the meaning. Look for clues in the English text, like ‘have done’ (guo) versus ‘did’ (le) and ‘is doing/still …’ (zhe).
时态标记’了’、’过’和’着’很微妙却至关重要。’了’表示动作完成或状态改变，’过’表示经历，’着’表示持续状态。在翻译题中，选错标记会扭曲原意。要从英语文本中寻找线索，比如’have done’（过）与’did’（了），以及’is doing/still …’（着）。
7. Translation Skills: English to Chinese | 翻译技巧：英译中
The English-to-Chinese translation in the writing paper is a precision exercise. Start by identifying the core Subject-Verb-Object of each sentence. Build the Chinese equivalent using the correct word order, then add adjectives, adverbs, and time phrases. For example, ‘He often plays basketball with his friends after school’ becomes ‘Ta fangxue hou jingchang he pengyou yiqi da lanqiu’, ensuring the time phrase ‘fangxue hou’ takes the lead.
写作试卷中的英译中是一项精确性练习。首先要识别每个句子的核心主谓宾。用正确的语序搭建中文等价句，然后添加形容词、副词和时间短语。例如，’He often plays basketball with his friends after school’ 应译为 ‘他放学后经常和朋友一起打篮球’，确保时间短语’放学后’前置。
Past papers frequently test fixed collocations and idioms, such as ‘dui… gan xingqu’ (be interested in) and ‘bangzhu bie ren’ (help others). Compile a list of these from the specimen and past paper mark schemes, as the examiners expect natural Chinese phrasing, not literal translation. A literal rendition of ‘take a bus’ as ‘na gonggong qiche’ would lose marks; the correct Chinese is ‘zuo gonggong qiche’.
历年真题经常考查固定搭配和惯用语，如’对……感兴趣’和’帮助别人’。从样卷和真题评分标准中整理出一个搭配列表，因为考官期望的是自然的中文表达，而不是字面翻译。把’take a bus’直译成’拿公共汽车’会丢分；正确的中文是’坐公共汽车’。
When translating complex sentences with subordination, break them into manageable chunks. For ‘The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting’, split it into ‘I bought a book yesterday’ and ‘The book is very interesting’, then combine them as ‘Wo zuotian mai de na ben shu hen you yisi’. The use of the attributive ‘de’ with the clause is a high-level skill praised in mark schemes.
翻译带从句的复杂句时，要将其拆分成易于处理的语块。对于’The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting’，可拆成’我昨天买了一本书’和’这本书很有趣’，然后合并为’我昨天买的那本书很有意思’。使用带从句的定语’的’是一项高级技能，在评分标准中备受赞赏。
8. Past Paper Trends and Recurring Topics | 历年真题趋势与高频话题
Examining papers from 2018 to 2023 reveals a stable thematic core centred on everyday life, education, and social activities. Topics like ‘My School’, ‘Shopping’, ‘Leisure Time’, ‘Holidays’, and ‘Environmental Protection’ appear in cycles. This predictability means you can build a robust topic-specific glossary and practise writing and speaking on each theme multiple times before the actual exam.
审视 2018 年至 2023 年的试卷，可以发现一个以日常生活、教育和社交活动为核心的稳定主题圈。’我的学校’、’购物’、’休闲时间’、’假期’和’环境保护’等话题循环出现。这种可预测性意味着你可以围绕每个主题建立扎实的专用词汇库，并在实际考试前多次练习针对各个主题的写作和口语。
One notable shift in recent syllabi is the inclusion of more cross-cultural comparison. Questions now ask students to discuss differences between Chinese and British festivals, or to compare eating habits. In your preparation, always think of a ‘zhongguo… woguo…’ (China… my country…) framework to structure your thoughts, which demonstrates the higher-order cultural awareness sought by examiners.
近年来教学大纲的一个显著变化是加入了更多跨文化比较。考题现在会要求学生讨论中英节日的差异，或对比饮食习惯。在备考时，始终要想到用’中国……我国……’的框架来组织思路，这能展示考官所寻求的高阶文化意识。
The frequency of specific question types also points to a strategic focus. In the Reading paper, ‘true/false/not mentioned’ items and ‘answer in full sentences’ tasks have become more prevalent. For the latter, past papers show that lifting words from the text is penalised. You must paraphrase using your own Chinese, which reinforces the need for a wide active vocabulary.
特定题型的出现频率也指明了备考策略重点。在阅读试卷中，’对/错/未提及’题和’用完整句子回答’题已变得更加普遍。对于后者，真题显示，从文中照搬词句会被扣分。你必须用自己的中文去转述，这进一步强调了拥有丰富主动词汇量的必要性。
9. Time Management in the Exam | 考试时间管理
Many students perform below their potential because they fail to allocate time proportionally to marks. A 10-mark guided writing task should not consume the same effort as a 2-mark vocabulary slot-fill. Use the first minute of each paper to scan the entire test booklet, mentally tagging high-value questions and noting the forms of answer required (circle, underline, box-tick, Chinese character).
许多学生未能发挥出潜力，是因为他们没有按分值比例分配时间。一道 10 分的指导性写作题不应该耗费和一道 2 分词汇填空同等的精力。用每份试卷的第一分钟浏览整个试卷册，在心里标出高分值题目，并注意要求的不同作答形式（圈出、划线、打勾、写汉字）。
For the essay, practise partitioning your writing into a 3-minute plannning stage of jotting down keywords and a structure outline, followed by a 15-minute writing phase, and finally 2 minutes for backtracking errors. Past paper examiner reports repeatedly lament essays that start well but end abruptly because the candidate ran out of time; a pre-memorised closing sentence like ‘Zong zhi, wo jue de…’ (In short, I feel…) can save you in a pinch.
对于短文写作，要练习把时间划分为：3 分钟的计划阶段，快速记下关键词和结构大纲；15 分钟的写作阶段；最后 2 分钟回查错误。历年考官报告反复感叹，有些文章开头很好，却因时间不够而草草收尾；提前背好一个像’总之，我觉得……’这样的结尾句，能在紧急关头救你一命。
Listening parts play twice, but the gap between playbacks is sometimes shorter than expected. Mark your preferred answer lightly with a dot during the first listening and confirm it during the second. Never leave a multiple-choice question blank; past paper statistics show that guessing yields a better average score than omission, as there is no negative marking.
听力部分会播放两遍，但两遍之间的间隔有时比预计的短。第一遍听时，用点号轻轻标出你倾向的答案，第二遍时再确认。绝不要空着选择题不做；历年数据表明，由于不倒扣分，猜测的平均得分要高于留空。
10. Cultural Knowledge and Context | 文化知识与语境
Edexcel’s specification requires candidates to ‘demonstrate knowledge and understanding of the culture of the target language’. This surfaces in both reading comprehension texts about Chinese customs and in speaking prompts. Prepare a set of cultural facts about the Spring Festival (hongbao, chunjie lian, nian ye fan), the Mid-Autumn Festival (yue bing, shang yue), and tea culture (chadao, gongfu cha) that you can weave into your answers naturally.
Edexcel 的考试大纲要求考生’展示对目标语言文化的了解与理解’。这既体现在有关中国习俗的阅读理解篇章中，也体现在口语提示里。准备一套关于春节（红包、春联、年夜饭）、中秋节（月饼、赏月）和茶文化（茶道、功夫茶）的文化知识点，以便能自然地融入到你的回答中去。
In the speaking exam, you will often be asked a follow-up question like ‘How do you celebrate Christmas in your country?’ This is your cue to draw an explicit comparison, for example, ‘Zai zhongguo, women guo chunjie shi tie chunlian, danshi zai yingguo, shengdan jie women gua shengdan deng’. Such a structured contrast directly hits the communication and cultural assessment criteria.
在口语考试中，你常常会被问到像’你们国家如何庆祝圣诞节？’这样的附加问题。这就是你做出明确比较的信号，例如，’在中国，我们过春节时贴春联，但是在英国，圣诞节我们挂圣诞灯’。这种结构化的对比直接命中了交流与文化的评分标准。
When reading past paper source materials, be alert to culturally specific vocabulary such as ‘shengxiao’ (Chinese zodiac), ‘kuaizi’ (chopsticks), and ‘hongbao’ (red envelope). Often, these terms are not translated in the exam and are assumed to be known. Create flashcards with these culturally loaded terms on one side and their English explanations on the other.
阅读真题源材料时，要对’生肖’、’筷子’、’红包’等文化特定词汇保持警觉。这些术语在考试中常常不予翻译，被视为已知内容。制作抽认卡，一面写上这些承载文化的词汇，另一面写上英文解释。
11. Tackling the Oral Component | 应对口语部分
The speaking test is recorded and comprises three distinct parts: a role-play situation, a picture-based task, and a conversation on two themes. Past candidates often lose marks in the role-play for failing to incorporate the required question form. If the task cues ‘Ask the teacher about the price’, you must use a question particle like ‘ma’ or a question word like ‘duoshao qian’ to fulfil the criterion; a declarative statement like ‘Wo xiang zhi dao jiage’ may not score.
口语测试是录音进行的，由三个不同部分组成：一个角色扮演情境、一个看图任务，以及一段针对两个主题的对话。过往考生常在角色扮演中因未能包含所要求的提问形式而失分。如果任务提示’向老师询问价格’，你必须使用像’吗’这样的疑问助词或’多少钱’这样的疑问词来满足评判标准；’我想知道价格’这类陈述句可能不得分。
For the picture-based discussion, practise a systematic approach: first describe the overall scene using ‘zai zhe zhang tupian li…’, then pick out two or three specific details using location words (‘zuo bian’, ‘pang bian’), and finally offer a personal opinion or infer what might happen next. Past papers show a range of settings from classrooms and markets to parks and homes, so be ready to describe people’s clothes, actions, and moods.
对于看图讨论，要练习一种系统化方法：先用’在这张图片里……’描述整体场景，然后用方位词（’左边’、’旁边’）挑出两三个具体细节，最后给出个人看法或推断接下来可能发生什么。历年真题的场景涵盖了教室、市场、公园和家庭，因此要做好描述人物衣着、动作和情绪的准备。
Additionally, memorising a bank of linking words and hesitation fillers will make your speech sound more natural and fluent. Use ‘na me…’ (well then…), ‘wo jue de…’ (I think…), ‘qi shi…’ (actually…), and ‘eng…’ (um…) sparingly to buy thinking time without resorting to English. Exam reports show that confident delivery with minor errors scores higher than hesitant but perfectly accurate speech.
此外，记住一批连接词和犹豫填充词会让你的口语听起来更自然流利。谨慎使用’那么……’、’我觉得……’、’其实……’和’嗯……’来争取思考时间，而不用求助于英语。考官报告显示，带有小错误但表达自信的口语，得分要高于迟疑不决却完全准确的口语。
12. Mark Scheme Insights: How to Maximise Scores | 评分标准洞察：如何拿高分
Deconstructing official mark schemes is the closest you can get to understanding the examiner’s mind. For the mid-level mark band in writing (around 60-70%), the descriptor requires ‘a basic sentence structure with some attempt at complex structures’. To jump to the top band (80-100%), you need ‘a variety of structures used successfully’ and ‘a good level of accuracy’. This means that sprinkling two or three advanced patterns correctly throughout your essay is more effective than playing entirely safe.
解构官方评分标准，是让你最接近理解考官心思的方式。对于写作中等分数段（约 60-70%），描述语要求’基本句型，有尝试使用复杂结构的意愿’。要跃居最高分数段（80-100%），你需要’成功使用多种结构’和’良好的准确性’。这意味着，在全文中正确地穿插两到三个高级句型，比全篇求稳更为有效。
In translation, the mark scheme operates on a ‘message conveyance’ and ‘grammatical accuracy’ grid. Each correctly transmitted meaning point earns a tick, but a single serious grammatical error can negate the tick for that segment. Therefore, if you are unsure about a complex structure, it is strategically wiser to simplify. A clear simple sentence always beats a mangled ambitious one in the mark scheme.
在翻译中，评分标准按照’信息传达’和’语法准确度’的网格操作。每正确传达一个意思点就得一个勾，但一个严重的语法错误就能否定该部分的得分。因此，如果对某个复杂结构不确定，从策略上讲，简化处理更明智。在评分标准里，一个清晰简单句永远胜过被弄糟的雄心句。
For the speaking paper, the mark scheme emphasises ‘spontaneity and fluency’ over ‘total accuracy’. Regularly listen to native speaker audio and shadow their intonation and rhythm. When reviewing your own recorded practice, tick every instance where you used a filler or a spontaneous interjection naturally, and note down every long pause; this self-audit against the mark scheme descriptors is a proven method for rapid improvement.
对于口语试卷，评分标准强调’即兴与流利’高于’完全准确’。定期听母语者音频，并模仿他们的语调和节奏。在回顾自己的录音练习时，在每一个自然使用填充词或即兴感叹词的地方打勾，并记下每处长时间停顿；这种对照评分标准描述语的自我审核，是一种被证实能快速进步的方法。
Published by TutorHao | Chinese Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导Cancel reply