📚 Year 10 SQA French: Core Knowledge Review | Year 10 SQA 法语:核心知识点梳理
This revision guide brings together the essential vocabulary, grammar structures and communicative skills needed for the Year 10 SQA French course. Each section is designed to help you build confidence in speaking, listening, reading and writing, with paired English and Chinese explanations to support your bilingual understanding.
本复习指南汇集了 Year 10 SQA 法语课程所需的核心词汇、语法结构和交际技能。每个部分都旨在帮助你在听、说、读、写方面建立信心,并通过配对的英文与中文解释加深你的双语理解。
1. Talking About Yourself | 谈论自己
To introduce yourself, you can use ‘Je m’appelle…’ (My name is…) followed by your name. Give your age with ‘J’ai … ans’ (I am … years old), and mention where you live using ‘J’habite a …’ (I live in …).
自我介绍时,你可以说 “Je m’appelle…”(我叫……),然后说出名字。用 “J’ai … ans”(我……岁)说明年龄,再用 “J’habite a …”(我住在……)说出居住地。
Describe your physical appearance and character with adjectives. For example, ‘Je suis grand(e) et sportif/ve’ (I am tall and sporty). Adjectives usually come after the noun and must agree in gender and number: ‘une personne creative’ (a creative person) changes to ‘un garcon creatif’.
描述外貌和性格时要用形容词。例如,”Je suis grand(e) et sportif/ve”(我个子高且爱运动)。形容词通常放在名词后,并须与名词的性数一致:”une personne creative”(一个有创意的人)变为 “un garcon creatif”(一个有创意的男孩)。
To talk about your nationality, say ‘Je suis ecossais(e)’ (I am Scottish) or ‘Je suis chinois(e)’ (I am Chinese). The feminine form often adds an -e: ‘ecossais’ becomes ‘ecossaise’.
谈论国籍时,可以说 “Je suis ecossais(e)”(我是苏格兰人)或 “Je suis chinois(e)”(我是中国人)。阴性形式通常在词尾加 -e:”ecossais” 变为 “ecossaise”。
2. Family and Descriptions | 家庭与描述
You can introduce family members using ‘dans ma famille il y a …’ (in my family there is/are …). Name them: ‘ma mere’ (my mother), ‘mon pere’ (my father), ‘mon frere’ (my brother), ‘ma sœur’ (my sister). Remember to use possessive adjectives correctly: ‘ma’ before a feminine noun, ‘mon’ before a masculine noun, and ‘mes’ for plural.
你可以用 “dans ma famille il y a …”(在我的家庭里有……)介绍家庭成员。说出称谓:”ma mere”(我的母亲),”mon pere”(我的父亲),”mon frere”(我的兄弟),”ma sœur”(我的姐妹)。注意正确使用主有形容词:阴性名词前用 “ma”,阳性名词前用 “mon”,复数用 “mes”。
Describe your family members’ age and personality: ‘Ma mere a quarante ans. Elle est gentille et patiente.’ (My mother is forty. She is kind and patient.). Use conjunctions like ‘et’ (and), ‘mais’ (but) to extend sentences.
描述家人的年龄和性格:”Ma mere a quarante ans. Elle est gentille et patiente.”(我的母亲40岁。她善良又耐心)。使用连词如 “et”(和)、”mais”(但是)来扩展句子。
Talk about pets: ‘J’ai un chien qui s’appelle Max’ (I have a dog called Max). The verb ‘s’appeler’ is useful: ‘mon chat s’appelle Felix’ (my cat is called Felix). Physical descriptions of pets: ‘Il est petit et blanc’ (He is small and white).
谈论宠物:”J’ai un chien qui s’appelle Max”(我有一只叫 Max 的狗)。动词 “s’appeler” 很有用:”mon chat s’appelle Felix”(我的猫叫 Felix)。宠物的外貌描述:”Il est petit et blanc”(它小小的、白白的)。
3. School Life | 学校生活
To describe your school, you can say ‘Mon college s’appelle …’ (My school is called …). Use ‘Je vais au college’ (I go to school) and mention the year group: ‘Je suis en quatrieme’ (I am in Year 10).
描述学校时,可以说 “Mon college s’appelle …”(我的学校叫……)。用 “Je vais au college”(我去上学)并提及年级:”Je suis en quatrieme”(我在九年级,相当于苏格兰 Year 10)。
Talk about school subjects: ‘Ma matiere preferee est le francais / les maths / l’histoire-geo’ (My favourite subject is French / maths / history-geography). Express opinions: ‘J’aime le sport parce que c’est dynamique’ (I like PE because it is energetic). To say you dislike something, use ‘Je n’aime pas les sciences’ (I don’t like science).
谈论学校科目:”Ma matiere preferee est le francais / les maths / l’histoire-geo”(我最喜欢的科目是法语/数学/历史地理)。表达看法:”J’aime le sport parce que c’est dynamique”(我喜欢体育因为它很有活力)。表示不喜欢,用 “Je n’aime pas les sciences”(我不喜欢科学)。
Describe your school routine: ‘Les cours commencent a neuf heures’ (Lessons start at nine o’clock). Mention break time: ‘La recreation est a onze heures’ (Break is at eleven). Use the present tense for habitual actions. To talk about uniform: ‘Je porte un pull noir et une cravate’ (I wear a black jumper and a tie).
描述学校日常:”Les cours commencent a neuf heures”(九点开始上课)。提及课间休息:”La recreation est a onze heures”(十一点课间休息)。使用现在时描述习惯性动作。谈论校服:”Je porte un pull noir et une cravate”(我穿黑色毛衣、打领带)。
4. Daily Routine and Time | 日常生活与时间
Use reflexive verbs to describe your daily routine: ‘Je me leve a sept heures’ (I get up at 7 o’clock), ‘Je me lave’ (I wash myself), ‘Je m’habille’ (I get dressed). Remember the reflexive pronoun changes: ‘tu te leves’, ‘il/elle se leve’.
使用代动词描述日常生活:”Je me leve a sept heures”(我七点起床),”Je me lave”(我洗漱),”Je m’habille”(我穿衣服)。注意自反代词的变化:”tu te leves”,”il/elle se leve”。
Telling the time: ‘Il est … heure(s)’. For quarter past, use ‘et quart’, half past is ‘et demie’, quarter to is ‘moins le quart’. For midday say ‘midi’, midnight is ‘minuit’. Timetables often use the 24-hour clock, e.g. ‘dix-sept heures trente’ (17:30).
表达时间:”Il est … heure(s)”。一刻钟用 “et quart”,半点用 “et demie”,差一刻用 “moins le quart”。正午是 “midi”,午夜是 “minuit”。时刻表常用24小时制,如 “dix-sept heures trente”(17:30)。
Sequence your day with connectives: ‘d’abord’ (first), ‘ensuite’ (then), ‘puis’ (then), ‘apres’ (after), ‘enfin’ (finally). Example: ‘D’abord je prends le petit-dejeuner, ensuite je me brosse les dents.’ (First I have breakfast, then I brush my teeth.)
用连接词梳理一天:”d’abord”(首先),”ensuite”(然后),”puis”(接着),”apres”(之后),”enfin”(最后)。例句:”D’abord je prends le petit-dejeuner, ensuite je me brosse les dents.”(我先吃早餐,然后刷牙。)
5. Hobbies and Leisure | 爱好与休闲
Talk about what you like to do: ‘J’aime jouer au foot’ (I like playing football), ‘J’adore faire de la natation’ (I love swimming). Notice the construction ‘jouer a’ + sport/game, and ‘faire de’ + activity. ‘Je joue de la guitare’ (I play the guitar) uses ‘de’ for instruments.
谈论喜好:”J’aime jouer au foot”(我喜欢踢足球),”J’adore faire de la natation”(我热爱游泳)。注意结构:”jouer a” + 运动/游戏,”faire de” + 活动。演奏乐器用 “de”:”Je joue de la guitare”(我弹吉他)。
Express frequency: ‘souvent’ (often), ‘parfois’ (sometimes), ‘de temps en temps’ (from time to time), ‘rarement’ (rarely). Combine with present tense: ‘Je fais du velo tous les weekends’ (I go cycling every weekend).
表达频率:”souvent”(经常),”parfois”(有时),”de temps en temps”(偶尔),”rarement”(很少)。与现在时搭配:”Je fais du velo tous les weekends”(每个周末我都骑自行车)。
Talk about media and technology: ‘Je regarde des films sur Netflix’ (I watch films on Netflix), ‘Je joue aux jeux video’ (I play video games). Use opinion phrases: ‘Je trouve ca relaxant’ (I find it relaxing) or ‘C’est ennuyeux’ (It’s boring).
谈论媒体和科技:”Je regarde des films sur Netflix”(我在 Netflix 上看电影),”Je joue aux jeux video”(我玩电子游戏)。使用观点表达:”Je trouve ca relaxant”(我觉得这很放松),”C’est ennuyeux”(这很无聊)。
6. Weather and Seasons | 天气与季节
Basic weather phrases: ‘Il fait beau’ (It’s fine), ‘Il fait froid’ (It’s cold), ‘Il pleut’ (It’s raining), ‘Il y a du vent’ (It’s windy). To ask the weather: ‘Quel temps fait-il?’ (What is the weather like?).
基本天气表达:”Il fait beau”(天气好),”Il fait froid”(天冷),”Il pleut”(下雨),”Il y a du vent”(有风)。询问天气:”Quel temps fait-il?”(天气怎么样?)
Seasons: ‘au printemps’ (in spring), ‘en ete’ (in summer), ‘en automne’ (in autumn), ‘en hiver’ (in winter). Describe seasonal activities: ‘En ete, je vais a la plage’ (In summer I go to the beach), ‘En hiver, je fais du ski’ (In winter I ski).
季节:”au printemps”(春天),”en ete”(夏天),”en automne”(秋天),”en hiver”(冬天)。描述季节性活动:”En ete, je vais a la plage”(夏天我去海滩),”En hiver, je fais du ski”(冬天我滑雪)。
Use the future tense to forecast: ‘Demain, il fera beau’ (Tomorrow it will be fine). The simple future is formed by adding endings to the infinitive: ‘je ferai’, ‘tu feras’, etc.
用将来时做预报:”Demain, il fera beau”(明天天气会好)。简单将来时由动词不定式加词尾构成:”je ferai”, “tu feras” 等。
7. Food and Eating Out | 食物与外出就餐
Key food vocabulary: ‘le pain’ (bread), ‘le fromage’ (cheese), ‘les fruits’ (fruit), ‘les legumes’ (vegetables), ‘la viande’ (meat), ‘le poisson’ (fish). Meals: ‘le petit-dejeuner’ (breakfast), ‘le dejeuner’ (lunch), ‘le diner’ (dinner).
重点食物词汇:”le pain”(面包),”le fromage”(奶酪),”les fruits”(水果),”les legumes”(蔬菜),”la viande”(肉类),”le poisson”(鱼)。三餐:”le petit-dejeuner”(早餐),”le dejeuner”(午餐),”le diner”(晚餐)。
Ordering in a cafe: ‘Je voudrais un coca, s’il vous plait’ (I would like a cola, please). The conditional ‘je voudrais’ is polite. Ask for the bill: ‘L’addition, s’il vous plait’ (The bill, please).
咖啡馆点单:”Je voudrais un coca, s’il vous plait”(请给我一杯可乐)。条件式 “je voudrais” 表示礼貌。要账单:”L’addition, s’il vous plait”(请结账)。
Express healthy eating: ‘Pour etre en bonne sante, je mange beaucoup de fruits’ (To be healthy, I eat lots of fruit). Use quantities: ‘un peu de’ (a little), ‘beaucoup de’ (a lot of), ‘trop de’ (too much).
表达健康饮食:”Pour etre en bonne sante, je mange beaucoup de fruits”(为了健康,我吃很多水果)。使用量词:”un peu de”(一点),”beaucoup de”(很多),”trop de”(太多)。
8. Shopping and Clothes | 购物与衣服
Clothing items: ‘un pantalon’ (trousers), ‘une robe’ (a dress), ‘une chemise’ (a shirt), ‘un t-shirt’ (a t-shirt), ‘des baskets’ (trainers). Use colours: ‘une robe rouge’ (a red dress). Colours agree in gender and number: ‘un pantalon bleu’ but ‘une jupe bleue’.
衣物:”un pantalon”(裤子),”une robe”(连衣裙),”une chemise”(衬衫),”un t-shirt”(T恤),”des baskets”(运动鞋)。使用颜色:”une robe rouge”(一条红裙子)。颜色也有性数配合:”un pantalon bleu”,但 “une jupe bleue”。
Shopping phrases: ‘Je cherche un pull’ (I’m looking for a jumper). Ask about sizes: ‘Quelle taille faites-vous?’ (What size are you?). Buy and pay: ‘Je vais prendre celui-ci’ (I’ll take this one), ‘Ca coute combien?’ (How much does it cost?).
购物用语:”Je cherche un pull”(我在找一件毛衣)。询问尺寸:”Quelle taille faites-vous?”(您穿多大码?)。购买与付款:”Je vais prendre celui-ci”(我要这个),”Ca coute combien?”(多少钱?)
Give opinions on clothes: ‘C’est a la mode’ (It’s fashionable), ‘Ca me va bien’ (It suits me). Use comparative: ‘Ce t-shirt est plus joli que l’autre’ (This t-shirt is prettier than the other).
评价衣物:”C’est a la mode”(很时髦),”Ca me va bien”(我穿很合适)。使用比较级:”Ce t-shirt est plus joli que l’autre”(这件T恤比另一件更好看)。
9. Travel and Holidays | 旅行与假期
Holiday destinations: ‘Je suis alle(e) en France’ (I went to France), ‘Je vais aller en Espagne’ (I am going to go to Spain). The preposition ‘en’ is used for feminine countries, ‘au’ for masculine, ‘aux’ for plural. Transport: ‘en avion’ (by plane), ‘en train’ (by train), ‘en voiture’ (by car).
度假目的地:”Je suis alle(e) en France”(我去了法国),”Je vais aller en Espagne”(我要去西班牙)。介词 “en” 用于阴性国名,”au” 用于阳性,”aux” 用于复数国名。交通工具:”en avion”(乘飞机),”en train”(乘火车),”en voiture”(开车)。
Use the passe compose to talk about past holidays: ‘J’ai visite Paris, j’ai mange des crepes’ (I visited Paris, I ate crepes). Remember the past participle agreement with ‘etre’: ‘elle est allee’ but ‘nous sommes alles’.
使用复合过去时谈论过去的假期:”J’ai visite Paris, j’ai mange des crepes”(我游览了巴黎,吃了可丽饼)。注意以 “etre” 作助动词时过去分词的配合:”elle est allee”,”nous sommes alles”。
Talk about future plans with the near future: ‘Je vais faire du camping’ (I am going camping). Structure: ‘aller’ + infinitive. Add time expressions: ‘l’annee prochaine’ (next year), ‘cet ete’ (this summer). Combine with weather and activities for richer answers.
用最近将来时谈论未来计划:”Je vais faire du camping”(我要去露营)。结构:”aller” + 动词不定式。加上时间表达:”l’annee prochaine”(明年),”cet ete”(今年夏天)。结合天气和活动,让表达更丰富。
10. Key Grammar Points | 重点语法
Present tense regular verbs: -er verbs like ‘parler’ (to speak) conjugate as ‘je parle, tu parles, il/elle parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent’. -ir verbs like ‘finir’ add -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent. -re verbs like ‘vendre’ have endings -s, -s, -, -ons, -ez, -ent.
现在时规则动词:以 -er 结尾的动词如 “parler”(说话)变位为 “je parle, tu parles, il/elle parle, nous parlons, vous parlez, ils/elles parlent”。以 -ir 结尾的动词如 “finir” 加 -is, -is, -it, -issons, -issez, -issent。以 -re 结尾的动词如 “vendre” 词尾是 -s, -s, -, -ons, -ez, -ent。
Perfect tense (passe compose): formed with ‘avoir’ or ‘etre’ + past participle. Most verbs use ‘avoir’: ‘j’ai mange’. Some movement verbs use ‘etre’: ‘je suis alle(e)’. Past participles: -er verbs take -e, -ir take -i, -re take -u. For ‘etre’ verbs, add agreement -e for feminine, -s for plural.
复合过去时:由 “avoir” 或 “etre” 加过去分词构成。多数动词用 “avoir”:”j’ai mange”。一些移动动词用 “etre”:”je suis alle(e)”。过去分词:-er 动词加 -e,-ir 加 -i,-re 加 -u。对于 “etre” 动词,阴性加 -e,复数加 -s。
Near future (futur proche): use ‘aller’ + infinitive: ‘je vais regarder’ (I am going to watch). It expresses immediate intention. For more formal future, learn the simple future: ‘je regarderai’ (I will watch).
最近将来时:用 “aller” + 不定式:”je vais regarder”(我要看)。表达近期打算。更正式的将来时可用简单将来时:”je regarderai”(我将看)。
Adjective agreement: most adjectives add -e for feminine and -s for plural. Irregulars: ‘beau/belle’ (beautiful), ‘vieux/vieille’ (old), ‘bon/bonne’ (good). Position: most go after the noun, but BAGS (Beauty, Age, Goodness, Size) come before: ‘une belle maison’ (a beautiful house).
形容词配合:多数形容词阴性加 -e,复数加 -s。不规则变化:”beau/belle”(美丽),”vieux/vieille”(旧的、老的),”bon/bonne”(好的)。位置:多数位于名词后,但表示美丑、年龄、好坏、大小的 BAGS 类形容词前置:”une belle maison”(一栋漂亮的房子)。
Negatives: place ‘ne … pas’ around the verb: ‘je ne parle pas espagnol’ (I don’t speak Spanish). With a vowel, ‘ne’ becomes ‘n”: ‘je n’habite pas a Glasgow’. Other negatives: ‘ne … plus’ (no longer), ‘ne … jamais’ (never), ‘ne … rien’ (nothing).
否定式:将 “ne … pas” 放在动词两边:”je ne parle pas espagnol”(我不说西班牙语)。遇元音时 “ne” 变成 “n’”:”je n’habite pas a Glasgow”。其他否定:”ne … plus”(不再),”ne … jamais”(从不),”ne … rien”(没什么)。
11. Useful Question Words and Phrases | 实用疑问词与短语
Ask questions using ‘Qui?’ (Who?), ‘Quoi?’ (What?), ‘Ou?’ (Where?), ‘Quand?’ (When?), ‘Pourquoi?’ (Why?), ‘Comment?’ (How?). To ask ‘how much/many’, use ‘Combien?’. Form questions with ‘Est-ce que…’: ‘Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat?’ (Do you like chocolate?).
使用疑问词提问:”Qui?”(谁?),”Quoi?”(什么?),”Ou?”(哪里?),”Quand?”(何时?),”Pourquoi?”(为什么?),”Comment?”(怎样?)。询问数量用 “Combien?”。用 “Est-ce que …” 构成问句:”Est-ce que tu aimes le chocolat?”(你喜欢巧克力吗?)。
Linking words help structure longer answers: ‘parce que’ (because), ‘car’ (for/because), ‘donc’ (so/therefore), ‘cependant’ (however), ‘par contre’ (on the other hand). Use them to justify opinions: ‘Je prefere la musique pop parce que c’est entrainant.’ (I prefer pop music because it is catchy.)
连接词帮助组织较长的回答:”parce que”(因为),”car”(因为),”donc”(所以),”cependant”(然而),”par contre”(相反)。用它们来论证观点:”Je prefere la musique pop parce que c’est entrainant.”(我更喜欢流行音乐因为它好听好记。)
Polite expressions: ‘s’il vous plait’ (please, formal), ‘s’il te plait’ (please, informal), ‘merci’ (thank you), ‘de rien’ (you’re welcome), ‘excusez-moi’ (excuse me). These are essential in role-plays and real-life conversations.
礼貌用语:”s’il vous plait”(请,正式),”s’il te plait”(请,非正式),”merci”(谢谢),”de rien”(不客气),”excusez-moi”(对不起)。这些在角色扮演和真实对话中必不可少。
12. Exam Tips and Revision Strategies | 考试技巧与复习策略
For the SQA French exam, practise role-play scenarios covering the topics above. Use the present, perfect and near future tenses to show you can talk about past, present and future events. Prepare a personal response for the conversation part: think about your opinions and reasons.
SQA 法语考试中,练习涵盖上述话题的角色扮演情景。使用现在时、复合过去时和最近将来时,展示你能谈论过去、现在和将来的事件。为对话部分准备个人回答:思考你的观点和理由。
Listening: get used to identifying key words and numbers. The same vocabulary appears again and again. Do past papers to familiarise yourself with the format.
听力:习惯抓住关键词和数字。同样的词汇会反复出现。做往年试题熟悉题型。
Reading: scan for cognates (words similar to English) and use context. Pay attention to tense markers like ‘hier’ (yesterday) or ‘demain’ (tomorrow) to identify the time frame.
阅读:扫描同源词(与英语相似的词)并利用上下文。注意时间标记,如 “hier”(昨天)或 “demain”(明天),确定时间框架。
Writing: build a bank of set phrases for accuracy. Always check adjective agreements and verb endings. Use a variety of connectives to make your writing flow.
写作:建立常用短语库以确保准确。始终检查形容词配合和动词词尾。使用多样连接词使文章流畅。
Published by TutorHao | French Revision Series | aleveler.com
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