📚 CAIE Music & UK University Entry | CAIE 音乐与英国大学入学要求
If you are studying CAIE IGCSE Music in Year 11 and considering reading Music at a UK university, you are probably wondering: what do I actually need? How do my current grades, instrumental skills, and subject choices line up against the entry requirements of top conservatoires and Russell Group universities? This article provides a clear, cross-reference breakdown of what UK Music degree programmes typically demand, and how your CAIE Music qualification fits into that picture, from GCSE-level expectations right through to A Level planning, auditions, and personal statements.
如果你正在 Year 11 学习 CAIE IGCSE 音乐，并且考虑将来在英国大学攻读音乐专业，你很可能想知道：我到底需要具备什么条件？我目前的成绩、乐器技能和科目选择，与顶尖音乐学院和罗素集团大学的入学要求相比如何？本文将从 GCSE 阶段的要求一直到 A Level 规划、试音面试和个人陈述，为你清晰对照梳理英国音乐学位课程通常的要求，并说明你的 CAIE 音乐资格如何融入这一整体申请图景。
1. Understanding the CAIE IGCSE Music Foundation | 理解 CAIE IGCSE 音乐基础
The CAIE IGCSE Music syllabus (0410) is structured around three core components: Listening, Performing, and Composing. Listening requires candidates to analyse extracts from a wide range of Western and world music traditions, demonstrating aural perception and contextual understanding. The Performing component typically asks for one solo and one ensemble performance, assessed on technical control, expression, and stylistic awareness. Composing involves creating two contrasting original pieces, with a written commentary explaining the compositional process and musical decisions.
CAIE IGCSE 音乐教学大纲（0410）围绕三个核心模块构建：听力、演奏和作曲。听力要求考生分析来自西方与世界各类音乐传统的选段，展示听觉感知和语境理解能力。演奏模块通常要求一首独奏和一首合奏，从技术控制、表现力和风格意识方面进行评分。作曲模块则涉及创作两首对比鲜明的原创作品，并附上一篇书面评述，解释创作过程和音乐上的决定。
What makes this specification particularly relevant for university preparation is its emphasis on breadth. Unlike some boards that allow candidates to focus narrowly on performance, CAIE insists candidates engage equally with analytical listening and creative composition. This broad competence profile is exactly what university admissions tutors look for: evidence that you are not merely a performer who plays their instrument well, but a rounded musician who thinks critically and creatively about music.
这一大纲特别适合大学升学准备的地方在于它强调广度。与一些允许考生只专注于演奏的考试局不同，CAIE 要求考生同样重视分析性听力与创造性作曲。这种宽广的能力侧写正是大学招生导师所看重的：你需要证明自己不仅仅是一个能把乐器演奏得很好的演奏者，更是一个能够批判性和创造性思考音乐的全面发展的音乐人。
2. The Three Broad University Music Pathways | 大学音乐专业的三大路径
UK university-level Music falls broadly into three categories. First, conservatoire degrees, typically a BMus (Bachelor of Music), offered by institutions like the Royal Academy of Music, Royal College of Music, Guildhall School, and Royal Northern College of Music. These are performance-intensive programmes where the primary focus is developing you as a professional-level performer or composer, with heavy emphasis on one-to-one instrumental tuition, masterclasses, and performance opportunities. Entry is determined largely by audition, supported by academic qualifications.
英国大学层次的音乐专业大致分为三类。第一类是音乐学院学位，通常是 BMus（音乐学士），由皇家音乐学院、皇家音乐大学、吉尔德霍尔音乐戏剧学院和皇家北方音乐学院等机构提供。这些是演奏密集型课程，主要目标是把你培养成专业级别的演奏家或作曲家，重点放在一对一乐器指导、大师班和演奏机会上。录取主要由试音面试决定，并由学术资格作为支撑。
Second, academic Music degrees at traditional universities — either a BA (Bachelor of Arts) or a BMus — offered at institutions such as Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, Manchester, King’s College London, and Edinburgh. These programmes balance performance and composition with musicology, analysis, music history, and critical theory. The balance varies: some courses allow a performance pathway, others lean heavily towards academic study. Entry is primarily grade-based, often with an audition or portfolio submission as an additional requirement.
第二类是传统大学的学术性音乐学位——BA（文学学士）或 BMus——由牛津、剑桥、杜伦、曼彻斯特、伦敦国王学院和爱丁堡等大学提供。这些课程在演奏与作曲之间平衡音乐学、分析、音乐史和批判理论。具体比例因校而异：有些课程允许偏重演奏方向，有些则大幅倾向学术研究。录取主要以成绩为基础，通常附带有试音面试或作品集提交作为额外要求。
Third, joint-honours or combined degrees, where Music is studied alongside another subject such as Mathematics, English, French, or Philosophy. These are particularly common at universities like Birmingham, Bristol, and Southampton. Entry requirements for the Music side are often slightly lower than for single-honours, but you must also meet the requirements for the partner subject. For CAIE candidates, this path can be excellent if you are strong in another discipline and wish to keep both doors open.
第三类是联合荣誉或双学位课程，音乐与另一个科目共同学习，如数学、英语、法语或哲学。这类课程在伯明翰、布里斯托和南安普顿等大学特别常见。音乐部分的入学要求通常略低于单一荣誉学位，但你还需要同时满足搭档科目的要求。对于 CAIE 考生来说，如果你在另一门学科也很强并且希望两扇门都敞开，这条路可能是极好的选择。
3. Typical A Level Entry Requirements for Music Degrees | 音乐学位的典型 A Level 入学要求
For most Russell Group university Music degrees, the standard A Level offer falls in the range of AAB to ABB, though conservatoire BMus courses may accept slightly lower academic grades if the audition is exceptional. Crucially, Music A Level (or an equivalent qualification) is almost always a required subject. Some universities will also accept ABRSM Grade 8 Theory as a substitute if you have not taken Music A Level, but this is less common and should be checked carefully for each institution.
对于大多数罗素集团大学的音乐学位，标准 A Level 录取条件通常在 AAB 到 ABB 之间，不过音乐学院的 BMus 课程在试音表现极其出色的情况下可能接受略低的学术成绩。关键的一点是，A Level 音乐（或等效资格）几乎总是必修科目。部分大学也接受 ABRSM 八级乐理作为未修读 A Level 音乐的替代条件，但这并不普遍，应仔细查阅每所院校的具体要求。
For Oxford and Cambridge, expectations are higher. Oxford typically offers AAA for Music, with Music A Level required and an aptitude test (the Music Performance Test or written test) as part of the interview process. Cambridge offers A*AA, requiring Music A Level and an ABRSM Grade 8 practical qualification (or equivalent) as a minimum. Both universities place significant weight on submitted written work and interview performance, often asking candidates to analyse an unseen score and discuss musical concepts in depth.
牛津和剑桥的要求更高。牛津大学音乐专业通常要求 AAA，且 A Level 音乐为必修，面试过程中还包括能力测试（音乐演奏测试或笔试）。剑桥大学要求 A*AA，必修 A Level 音乐且至少达到 ABRSM 八级演奏资格（或等效水平）。两所大学都非常重视提交的书面作业和面试表现，经常要求考生分析一首未接触过的乐谱并深入讨论音乐概念。
4. Equivalence: How CAIE Music A Level Maps to UCAS Tariff | 等效对照：CAIE A Level 音乐如何对应 UCAS 分数
The UCAS Tariff system converts qualifications into numerical points for university entry comparison. CAIE A Level Music carries the same Tariff weighting as any other CAIE A Level: an A* grade earns 56 points, an A earns 48, a B earns 40, and a C earns 32. These points are identical to those for A Levels from other awarding bodies. When universities state entry requirements using Tariff points — for example, ‘136 UCAS Tariff points’ — the CAIE A Level Music grade contributes accordingly.
UCAS 分数体系将各类资格转换为数值分数以便大学入学比较。CAIE A Level 音乐与其他任何 CAIE A Level 科目具有相同的分数权重：A* 获得 56 分，A 为 48 分，B 为 40 分，C 为 32 分。这些分数与其他考试局颁发的 A Level 完全相同。当大学使用 Tariff 分数来表述入学要求时——例如“136 UCAS Tariff 分”——CAIE A Level 音乐的成绩会相应地贡献其分值。
It is worth noting that most competitive Music courses state requirements as specific grades in specific subjects, rather than a bare Tariff total. A typical offer might be ‘AAB including A in Music’, which directly requires both an overall profile and a specific Music grade. Tariff numbers alone are more commonly used by lower-tier or joint-honours programmes. As a CAIE candidate, your A Level Music grade is treated entirely equivalently; there is no systemic disadvantage compared to UK-based awarding bodies.
值得留意的是，大多数竞争激烈的音乐课程会以特定科目的具体等级来表述要求，而非仅给出 Tariff 总分。典型的录取条件可能是“AAB 包括音乐 A”，它直接要求整体成绩水平和特定的音乐科目等级。单独使用 Tariff 分数的情况更多见于较低层级或联合荣誉课程。作为 CAIE 考生，你的 A Level 音乐成绩会被完全等同对待；与英国本土考试局相比，在体系上并无任何不利。
5. The Role of ABRSM and Trinity Practical Grades | ABRSM 与圣三一演奏等级的作用
Regardless of your CAIE Music grades, a practical instrumental or vocal qualification from ABRSM, Trinity College London, or a similar recognised body is almost universally expected for UK Music degree applications — even at academic universities. The typical minimum is ABRSM Grade 8 (or equivalent) on your principal instrument or voice, achieved at Merit or Distinction level. This is considered a baseline indicator of technical competence, and many competitive applicants hold Grade 8 with Distinction on multiple instruments.
无论你的 CAIE 音乐成绩如何，申请英国音乐学位时，几乎普遍都期望你持有 ABRSM、伦敦圣三一学院或其他类似认可机构颁发的乐器或声乐演奏资格证书。典型的最低要求是你的主修乐器或声乐达到 ABRSM 八级（或等效水平），并取得良好或优秀成绩。这被视为技术能力的基本指标，许多具有竞争力的申请者甚至持有多种乐器的八级优秀证书。
Conservatoires are particularly explicit about this. The Royal Academy of Music, for instance, states that applicants should be performing at a standard ‘at least equivalent to ABRSM Grade 8 Distinction’, and in practice, most successful auditionees perform at a level significantly beyond Grade 8 — often having already taken diplomas such as DipABRSM or ATCL. For these institutions, the CAIE Music A Level provides useful evidence of broader musicianship but does not substitute for the instrumental standard which is tested through live audition or recorded portfolio.
音乐学院在这方面的要求尤为明确。例如，皇家音乐学院声明申请者的演奏水平应“至少相当于 ABRSM 八级优秀”，而在实际操作中，大多数成功的试音者的演奏水平远超八级——通常已经获得了 DipABRSM 或 ATCL 等文凭。对这些院校来说，CAIE A Level 音乐提供了更广泛音乐素养的有力证明，但无法替代通过现场试音或录像作品集来检验的乐器演奏水准。
6. Theory Requirements: Grade 5 and Beyond | 乐理要求：五级及以上
ABRSM Grade 5 Theory is a prerequisite for taking ABRSM practical examinations at Grade 6 and above, so in practice most instrumental candidates already hold this qualification. For university entry, some departments explicitly list Grade 5 Theory as a minimum requirement, while others consider CAIE Music A Level — which includes substantial analytical and theoretical content — as entirely covering this ground. The analytical skills developed in CAIE Music, including score reading, harmonic analysis, and stylistic commentary, typically exceed the content of Grade 5 Theory substantially.
ABRSM 五级乐理是报考六级及以上 ABRSM 演奏考试的先决条件，因此实际上大多数乐器考生已经持有这一资格。对于大学入学，有些院系明确将五级乐理列为最低要求，而另一些则认为 CAIE A Level 音乐——其中包含大量分析与理论内容——已完全涵盖这一领域。CAIE 音乐培养的分析技能，包括乐谱阅读、和声分析和风格评述，通常已大幅超过五级乐理的内容范围。
For conservatoire applicants, the theory benchmark is often higher still. Many conservatoires expect candidates to have passed ABRSM Grade 8 Theory or to sit a diagnostic theory test on arrival. The CAIE A Level syllabus covers topics including harmonic progression, cadences, melodic decoration, and structural analysis which map well onto these demands. However, if you plan to apply to a conservatoire, it is wise to supplement your CAIE studies with dedicated theory work or tutoring specifically targeting Grade 8 Theory content, since conservatoires may not automatically recognise CAIE Music as equivalent to their preferred theory qualifications.
对于申请音乐学院的考生，理论基准通常更高。许多音乐学院要求考生已通过 ABRSM 八级乐理，或在入学时参加理论诊断测试。CAIE A Level 大纲涵盖的内容包括和声进行、终止式、旋律装饰和结构分析，与这些要求匹配良好。但如果你计划申请音乐学院，建议在 CAIE 学习之外，额外补充专门针对八级乐理内容的理论训练或辅导，因为音乐学院可能不会自动认可 CAIE 音乐等效于他们所偏好的乐理资格。
7. Building a Competitive Portfolio alongside CAIE | 在 CAIE 之外打造有竞争力的作品集
CAIE Music provides a solid academic and creative framework, but it is not designed to capture everything universities want to see. Beyond coursework and examinations, you should build a portfolio of evidence that demonstrates sustained engagement, initiative, and musical leadership. This includes participation in school and external ensembles, choirs, orchestras, bands, or chamber groups; attendance at summer music schools or residential courses; involvement in musical theatre productions as a performer or pit musician; and any composition or arranging work done outside of the CAIE syllabus.
CAIE 音乐提供了一个坚实的学术与创作框架，但它并不能涵盖大学所希望看到的一切。在课程作业和考试之外，你应该建立一个能够展示持续投入、主动性和音乐领导力的证据组合。这包括参与校内外的合奏团、合唱团、管弦乐团、乐队或室内乐团；参加暑期音乐学校或住宿课程；在音乐剧制作中担任演员或乐池演奏员；以及所有在 CAIE 大纲之外进行的作曲或编曲工作。
Conservatoires especially value evidence of performance experience: solo recitals, competition participation, masterclass attendance, and recordings of live performances. Academic universities are more interested in evidence of critical engagement: extended essay projects, reviews of concerts, programme notes you have written, and any independent research into musical topics. For both pathways, a well-documented portfolio — perhaps as a simple website, a PDF document with links, or a curated YouTube channel — makes your application stand out distinctly from those who present only examination certificates and school reports.
音乐学院尤其看重演奏经历的证据：独奏音乐会、比赛参与、大师班出席以及现场演奏录音。学术大学则更关注批判性参与的证据：扩展论文项目、音乐会评论、你撰写的节目单说明，以及任何对音乐专题所作的独立研究。对于两种申请路径，一份记录完备的作品集——也许是一个简单的个人网站、一份附有链接的 PDF 文件或一个精心策划的 YouTube 频道——都能使你的申请从那些仅仅提交考试证书和学校报告的材料中显著地脱颖而出。
8. Personal Statement: Weaving CAIE Music into Your Narrative | 个人陈述：将 CAIE 音乐融入你的叙事
The UCAS personal statement is your opportunity to demonstrate intellectual curiosity, reflective practice, and a genuine, developed relationship with music that goes beyond the curriculum. CAIE Music provides excellent raw material: discuss specific Listening extracts that challenged or inspired you, explain how the Composing component led you to explore a particular style or technique, or describe a performance moment where the preparation process taught you something about interpretation or resilience. Avoid simply listing modules or grades — admissions tutors already see these in your application form.
UCAS 个人陈述是你展示求知欲、反思性实践以及与音乐之间超越课程本身的真实而深厚关系的绝佳机会。CAIE 音乐提供了极好的素材：谈谈有哪些具体的听力选段曾经挑战或启发过你，解释作曲模块如何引导你去探索某种特定的风格或技巧，或者描述一个在演奏中通过准备过程让你对演绎或抗压能力有所领悟的时刻。避免仅仅罗列模块或分数——招生导师已经在你的申请表上看到了这些。
For conservatoire applications (which use UCAS Conservatoires rather than standard UCAS), the personal statement tends to be shorter and more performance-focused. Here, the emphasis should be on your artistic identity, your instrumental development, the teachers and influences that have shaped you, and your career aspirations as a performer. CAIE Music can be referenced as the academic strand of your musical education, demonstrating that you are also a literate and reflective musician — a quality that conservatoires increasingly value in an era where portfolio careers demand adaptability and communication skills.
对于音乐学院申请（使用 UCAS 音乐学院系统而非标准 UCAS），个人陈述通常更简短且更侧重于演奏。在这里，重点应该放在你的艺术身份、乐器发展历程、塑造你的老师和影响力，以及你作为演奏者的职业抱负上。CAIE 音乐可以作为你音乐教育中的学术部分被提及，用来证明你同时也是一位具备读谱能力和反思能力的音乐人——在一个多元职业组合要求适应力与沟通能力的时代，音乐学院越来越看重这一品质。
9. Auditions, Interviews, and Aptitude Tests | 试音、面试与能力测试
For conservatoires, the audition is the single most important element of the application. Audition panels typically ask for two or three contrasting pieces, sight-reading, and sometimes scales, arpeggios, or technical exercises. Some conservatoires also include a short interview or a theory/aural test. The CAIE Performing component provides excellent preparation for the prepared repertoire, but you should expect the audition standard to be significantly higher — the pieces should be chosen for their demonstration of technical command, expressive range, and musical maturity, not merely for compliance with an exam syllabus.
对于音乐学院，试音是整个申请中最重要的一环。试音评审小组通常要求演奏两三首风格对比鲜明的作品、视奏，有时还包括音阶、琶音或技术练习。一些音乐学院还会增加一个简短的面试或乐理/练耳测试。CAIE 演奏模块对准备既定曲目提供了极好的训练，但你应该预料到试音的标准会显著更高——所选曲目应当能够展示你的技术掌控力、表现力幅度和音乐成熟度，而不仅仅是为了满足考试大纲的要求。
For Oxford and Cambridge, the process is distinctively academic. Oxford shortlisted candidates take a written test that includes harmonisation, aural analysis, and essay-style responses; those who pass are invited to interview, where they may be given a short score to analyse aloud and asked to discuss their musical interests critically. Cambridge interviews include a similar analytical element, plus a performance component for which candidates typically prepare a short recital. In both cases, the CAIE Listening and Composing components develop precisely the analytical vocabulary and compositional fluency that prove decisive in these assessments.
牛津和剑桥大学的选拔过程则截然不同，具有鲜明的学术特性。牛津入围候选人需参加一场笔试，内容包括和声配置、听觉分析和文章式作答；通过者将被邀请面试，面试中可能会被要求口头分析一段短乐谱，并批判性地讨论自己的音乐兴趣。剑桥的面试包含类似的分析环节，外加一个演奏部分，考生通常需要准备一场简短的演奏会。在这两种情况下，CAIE 的听力和作曲模块恰恰培养了这些评估环节中起决定性作用的分析词汇和创作流畅度。
10. Subject Combinations That Strengthen a Music Application | 增强音乐申请竞争力的科目组合
For students planning to read Music at a UK university, the subject combination at A Level matters. Music is, of course, non-negotiable: it must be one of your A Level choices. After that, universities generally welcome a mix that demonstrates both linguistic and analytical ability. Modern or classical languages are highly regarded, as they complement the linguistic elements of musical study and are useful for vocal repertoire and research. English Literature is also valued for the essay-writing, critical analysis, and historical contextualisation skills it develops.
对于计划在英国大学攻读音乐专业的学生来说，A Level 的科目组合非常重要。音乐当然是不可妥协的：它必须是你的 A Level 选择之一。除此之外，大学普遍欢迎能够展示语言能力和分析能力的科目组合。现代语言或古典语言备受推崇，因为它们与音乐学习中的语言元素互为补充，并且对于声乐曲目和学术研究都有帮助。英国文学也因其培养的论文写作能力、批判性分析能力和历史语境化技能而受到重视。
Mathematics and Sciences are not, contrary to some misconceptions, detrimental to a Music application. In fact, they can set your profile apart positively, as they signal logical rigour and an ability to handle abstract structures — qualities useful in harmonic analysis, counterpoint, and composition. A combination such as Music, Mathematics, and a language or English Literature is particularly strong. Avoid subject combinations that are all practical (e.g., Music, Art, Drama) without an essay-based subject, as Russell Group universities prefer evidence of analytical writing ability alongside creative practice.
与某些误解相反，数学和科学并不会对音乐申请造成不利影响。实际上，它们反而能使你的申请材料积极地区别于他人，因为它们表明了逻辑的严谨性和处理抽象结构的能力——这些品质在和声分析、对位法和作曲中都十分有用。像音乐、数学再加一门语言或英国文学这样的科目组合尤其具有竞争力。应避免选择全部为实践性科目的组合（如音乐、艺术和戏剧）而缺乏论文型科目，因为罗素集团大学更偏向于同时拥有创造性实践与分析性写作能力证据的申请者。
11. Timeline: From Year 11 to UCAS Application | 时间规划：从 Year 11 到 UCAS 申请
A clear timeline helps you pace the numerous requirements. In Year 11, solidify your CAIE IGCSE Music knowledge — especially listening vocabulary and compositional techniques — and work towards ABRSM Grade 8 on your principal instrument if you have not already. Use the summer after GCSEs to attend a music course or summer school, start building your portfolio, and research university courses thoroughly. Identify whether you are drawn to conservatoire training or an academic degree, and begin to map what each pathway demands.
一条清晰的时间线有助于你合理安排诸多要求。在 Year 11，巩固你的 CAIE IGCSE 音乐知识——尤其是听力词汇和作曲技法——并在主修乐器上努力达到 ABRSM 八级（如果尚未达到）。利用 GCSE 结束后的暑假参加音乐课程或暑期学校，开始构建你的作品集，并彻底调研各大学课程。明确你是倾向于音乐学院训练还是学术学位课程，然后开始梳理每条路径各自的要求。
In Year 12 (or equivalent), your CAIE A Level Music coursework begins in earnest. Start your personal statement early, ideally drafting it by the end of Year 12 so you can revise over the summer. Record and select audition repertoire; many conservatoire auditions happen in November or December of Year 13, so your pieces need to be performance-ready by early autumn. Prepare for any theory or aural tests. For Oxford and Cambridge applicants, the UCAS deadline is 15 October in Year 13, making the summer before Year 13 critical for personal statement completion, written work preparation, and mock interview practice.
在 Year 12（或等效阶段），你的 CAIE A Level 音乐课程学习正式展开。尽早开始撰写个人陈述，最好在 Year 12 结束时完成初稿，这样可以在暑假期间修改完善。录制并筛选试音曲目；许多音乐学院的试音安排在 Year 13 的 11 月或 12 月，因此你的曲目应该在初秋时就已达到演出水准。为任何乐理或练耳测试做准备。对于申请牛津或剑桥的学生，UCAS 截止日期是 Year 13 的 10 月 15 日，这使得 Year 13 前的暑假对完成个人陈述、准备书面作业和模拟面试练习至关重要。
12. Key Differences Between BMus and BA Music Degrees | BMus 与 BA 音乐学位的主要差异
A BMus (Bachelor of Music) is typically a specialist, practice-based degree with a strong emphasis on performance or composition, often at a conservatoire or a university with a dedicated music faculty. The curriculum is heavily weighted towards one-to-one lessons, masterclasses, ensemble participation, and recitals. Academic components (music history, analysis, theory) are present but often serve the practical work. The BMus is the standard route for those aiming at professional performance or composition careers or instrumental teaching.
BMus（音乐学士）通常是一个专门的、以实践为基础的学位，强调整演奏或作曲，通常设在音乐学院或拥有专门音乐学院的大学里。课程内容大幅侧重于一对一专业课、大师班、合奏参与和演奏会。学术模块（音乐史、分析、理论）虽然存在，但往往服务于实践创作。BMus 是那些以专业演奏、作曲事业或乐器教学为目标的学生的标准路径。
A BA (Bachelor of Arts) in Music, by contrast, typically places greater weight on academic study: musicology, ethnomusicology, analysis, critical theory, and historical study. Performance and composition are still available, sometimes as major pathways, but they sit within a broader intellectual framework. A BA can be particularly suitable if you are interested in music’s cultural, philosophical, or historical dimensions, or if you are considering joint honours. The BA is also a strong foundation for careers in arts administration, music journalism, publishing, or further academic research. Your CAIE background supports either degree type well, but understanding the distinction helps you choose courses that genuinely match your aspirations.
相反，BA（文学学士）音乐学位通常更侧重学术研究：音乐学、民族音乐学、分析、批判理论和历史研究。演奏和作曲仍然可选，有时可成为主修方向，但它们处于一个更宽广的知识框架之内。如果你对音乐的文化、哲学或历史维度感兴趣，或者考虑攻读联合荣誉学位，BA 可能尤为适合。BA 也为艺术管理、音乐新闻、出版或进一步的学术研究等职业提供了坚实的基础。你的 CAIE 背景对这两种学位类型都有很好的支持，但理解这种区别有助于你选择真正符合自己志向的课程。
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