📚 Quick Revision Guide to Drama Terminology | 戏剧词汇术语速记指南
A strong grasp of key drama terminology is essential for success in the Eduqas GCSE Drama exam. This guide provides a concise glossary of the most important terms you need to know, covering acting, design, directing, and script analysis. Revision of these terms will help you write confidently about your practical work and the set text.
牢固掌握关键的戏剧术语是在 Eduqas GCSE 戏剧考试中取得成功的必要条件。本指南简要列出了你需要了解的最重要术语，涵盖表演、设计、导演和剧本分析。复习这些术语将帮助你自信地描述你的实践作品和设定文本。
1. Acting & Characterisation | 表演与角色塑造
Key terms for creating and analysing a character’s performance.
用于创造和分析角色表演的关键术语。
Characterisation: The process of creating a believable role through voice, movement, gesture and interaction with others.
角色塑造：通过声音、动作、手势和与他人的互动创造可信角色的过程。
Motivation: The reason behind a character’s thoughts, feelings and actions at any given moment.
动机：角色在任何时刻的思想、感受和行为背后的原因。
Subtext: The underlying meaning beneath the spoken dialogue; what a character really thinks or feels but does not say directly.
潜台词：对话背后的隐含意义；角色真正所想所感但没有直接说出的内容。
Status: The perceived social power or dominance of a character in a scene, often shown through body language and eye contact.
地位：角色在场景中被感知的社会权力或主导性，常通过身体语言和眼神交流表现。
Proxemics: The use of space between performers to communicate relationships, power or emotion.
空间关系：利用表演者之间的空间距离来传递人物关系、权力或情感。
Hot-seating: An exploration technique where an actor answers questions in character, improvised or prepared, to deepen understanding.
坐针毡（角色追问）：一种探索技巧，演员以角色身份即兴或有准备地回答问题，以加深对角色的理解。
Thought-tracking: A rehearsal strategy in which characters speak their inner thoughts aloud during a freeze-frame, revealing subtext.
思维追踪：排练策略之一，角色在定格画面中大声说出内心的想法，展露潜台词。
Still image / Freeze-frame: A frozen, silent moment created by actors to represent a theme, emotion or situation.
定格画面 / 静止造型：演员创造出静止无声的瞬间，用以表现主题、情绪或情境。
Monologue: An extended speech delivered by a single character, often revealing personal thoughts or feelings.
独白：由一个角色发表的长篇讲话，通常展露个人思想或情感。
Multi-roling: The convention of an actor playing several different characters within one performance, using distinct physical and vocal choices.
一人分饰多角：一名演员在同场演出中扮演多个不同角色的惯例，通过不同的身体和声音选择来区分。
2. Vocal Skills | 声音技巧
Terms describing how an actor uses their voice to create meaning.
描述演员如何运用声音创造意义的术语。
Pitch: The highness or lowness of the voice, used to express age, emotion or status.
音调：声音的高低，用于表达年龄、情绪或地位。
Pace: The speed of speech; fast pace can suggest excitement or panic, slow pace may suggest calm or seriousness.
语速：说话的速度；快速可以暗示兴奋或恐慌，慢速可能暗示冷静或严肃。
Pause: A deliberate silence inserted for dramatic effect, tension or to show thought process.
停顿：为了制造戏剧效果、紧张感或展示思考过程的故意沉默。
Volume: The loudness or quietness of the voice, adjusted to show emotion, power or for projection.
音量：声音的强度，可用来展现情绪、力量或用于传声。
Tone: The emotional quality of the voice, such as warm, sarcastic, aggressive or gentle.
语气：声音的情感特质，如温暖、讽刺、挑衅或温和。
Intonation: The rise and fall of the voice, conveying meaning, questions or emphasis.
语调：声音的抑扬顿挫，可传达意义、疑问或强调。
Projection: Using breath and resonance to make the voice carry to the whole audience without shouting.
声音传送：利用气息和共鸣使声音清晰地传递给全场观众，而非大声喊叫。
Articulation: Clarity and precision in forming sounds and words, ensuring the audience understands every syllable.
吐字发音：形成声音和词语时的清晰度和精度，确保观众听懂每个音节。
Emphasis: Stressing a particular word or phrase to highlight its importance or change meaning.
重音强调：对某一词或短语施加压力以突出其重要性或改变含义。
3. Physical Skills & Movement | 身体技巧与动作
How the actor’s body communicates meaning to the audience.
演员的身体如何向观众传递意义。
Body language: The non-verbal signals given through posture, gestures and facial expressions.
身体语言：通过姿势、手势和面部表情传达的非语言信号。
Gesture: A movement of part of the body, especially the hands or arms, to express an idea or feeling.
手势：身体部位特别是手或手臂的动作，用以表达想法或感受。
Posture: The way a character holds their body, revealing age, status, confidence or mood.
姿态 / 体态：角色保持身体的方式，透露年龄、地位、自信或心情。
Gait: A character’s distinctive manner of walking, used to convey personality or physical traits.
步态：角色独特的走路方式，用以传达性格或身体特征。
Levels: Use of height (standing, sitting, lying down) on stage to create visual interest and show power dynamics.
层次 / 舞台高低：在舞台上利用高度的变化（站立、坐着、躺下）来创造视觉趣味并表现权力动态。
Spatial awareness: An actor’s sensitivity to the positions of others onstage and the ability to move safely and purposefully.
空间意识：演员对台上其他人位置的敏感性，以及能够安全且有目的地移动的能力。
Mime: Acting without words, using exaggerated gesture and expression to tell a story or convey an action.
默剧 / 哑剧：不使用语言，通过夸张的手势和表情来叙述故事或传达动作的表演。
Slow motion: Moving at a deliberately slowed-down speed to highlight a dramatic moment or emotional intensity.
慢动作：故意以放慢的速度移动，以突显戏剧性时刻或情感强度。
Choreography: Planned and rehearsed sequences of movement, often used in physical theatre or dance drama.
动作编排：经过计划和排练的动作序列，常用于肢体剧或舞剧。
4. Stage Spaces, Positions & Blocking | 舞台空间、方位与走位
Understanding the performance area and actor movement is essential for both performance and written analysis.
理解表演区域和演员的移动对表演和书面分析都至关重要。
Proscenium arch: A traditional theatre layout with a framed opening separating the stage from the auditorium, creating a “picture frame” effect.
镜框式舞台：传统的剧场布局，舞台前有一个框架开口将舞台与观众席隔开，形成“画框”效果。
Thrust stage: A stage that extends into the audience on three sides, allowing for a more intimate actor-audience relationship.
伸出式舞台：舞台三面延伸至观众席，让演员与观众的关系更为亲密。
Theatre in the round: The audience surrounds the acting area on all sides.
环形剧场：观众从四面八方包围表演区域。
Traverse stage: The audience sits on two opposite sides, with the performance space running down the centre.
穿堂式舞台：观众对坐在两侧，表演区在中间纵向展开。
Black box theatre: A flexible, empty space with black walls and often no fixed stage or seating, adaptable to any configuration.
黑箱剧场：一间墙壁为黑色的灵活空场，通常没有固定舞台或座席，可适应任何布局。
Downstage: The area of the stage closest to the audience. (The term originates from raked stages that tilted up away from the audience, so ‘down’ meant lower and nearer.)
舞台前部（下舞台）：离观众最近的舞台区域。（名称源自从前有坡度的舞台，观众席方向较低，因此 ‘down’ 即较低、靠近观众。）
Upstage: The area farthest from the audience. An actor standing upstage may force others to turn their backs to the audience, hence the verb ‘to upstage’.
舞台后部（上舞台）：离观众最远的区域。演员若站在舞台后部可能迫使其他演员背对观众，由此产生“抢戏”的动词用法。
Blocking: The precise movement and positioning of actors on stage, decided during rehearsal by the director.
舞台走位 / 调度：演员在舞台上精确的动作和位置，由导演在排练时决定。
Fourth wall: An imaginary wall between the actors and the audience through which the audience observes the action in a naturalistic play; breaking it means directly addressing the audience.
第四面墙：演员与观众之间一面假想的墙，观众透过它观看自然主义戏剧中的情节；打破第四面墙意味着直接对观众说话。
Cheat out / Open up: The technique of angling the body slightly towards the audience to remain visible and audible, especially in a proscenium setting.
面向观众（敞开）：身体略微转向观众，以保持可见性和声音传递清晰，特别在镜框式舞台中常用的技巧。
5. Lighting Terminology | 灯光术语
Lighting design creates atmosphere, focus and time of day. Key terms appear in both practical and written work.
灯光设计能营造气氛、突出焦点和表现时间。这些关键术语在实践和书面工作中都会出现。
Wash: A broad, even spread of light covering a large area of the stage.
普照光 / 泛光：覆盖舞台大面积区域的广泛、均匀的光线。
Spot / Spotlight: A tightly focused beam of light used to highlight a specific performer or area.
聚光灯：一束集中聚焦的光线，用以突出特定的演员或区域。
Focus: The process of adjusting a lantern to produce a sharp or soft-edged beam aimed at a specific place.
对焦：调整灯具使得光束边缘锐利或柔和并瞄准特定位置的过程。
Gobo: A thin metal or glass stencil placed inside a lantern to project a pattern such as leaves, windows or ripples.
图案片（戈博）：置于灯具内部的薄金属片或玻璃模板，用以投射出如树叶、窗户或波纹等图案。
Gel / Colour filter: A transparent coloured film placed in front of a lantern to change the colour of the light.
色纸 / 滤色片：放置在灯具前的透明有色薄膜，用于改变光色。
Fresnel: A type of lantern that produces a soft-edged beam, commonly used for washes.
菲涅耳灯：产生柔边光束的灯具类型，常用于普照光。
Flood: A lantern that throws a very wide, unfocused beam, ideal for lighting backdrops or cycs.
泛光灯：投射非常宽、非聚焦光束的灯具，适合照亮天幕或背幕。
Cyc (Cyclorama): A large white curtain or curved wall at the back of the stage used for sky effects or colour washes.
天幕：位于舞台后部的大幅白幕或弧面墙，用于制造天空效果或色彩普照。
Blackout: A sudden or complete absence of light, often used for scene transitions or dramatic emphasis.
黑场：突然或完全的熄灯，常用于场景转换或戏剧性强调。
Cross-fade: The gradual transition from one lighting state to another, blending two cues smoothly.
交叉渐明渐暗：从一个灯光状态平稳渐变到另一个，将两个灯光提示（cue）无缝融合。
Intensity: The brightness of the light, which can be controlled via dimmers.
光强：灯光的亮度，可通过调光器进行控制。
6. Sound Terminology | 音响术语
Sound design supports mood, period and action, and can be live or pre-recorded.
声音设计为情绪、年代和行动提供支持，可以是现场音效或预录音。
Diegetic sound: Sound that originates from within the world of the play, such as a radio playing on set or characters’ voices.
叙境音：源自戏剧世界内部的声音，例如场景中的收音机播放或角色的声音。
Non-diegetic sound: Sound added for the audience’s benefit that the characters cannot hear, such as a filmic underscore or narration.
非叙境音：为观众添加的、角色听不到的声音，如电影式配乐或旁白。
Soundscape: A layered composition of atmospheric sounds used to create a sense of place or mood.
音景：由多层环境声音组成的作品，用于营造地点感或氛围。
SFX (Sound effects): Specific recorded or live sounds, such as a telephone ringing, gunshot or door slam.
音效：特定的录制或现场声音，如电话铃声、枪声或关门声。
Cue: A signal for a sound or music to start or stop, often timed precisely with action or lighting.
提示（Cue）：声音或音乐开始或停止的信号，通常与行动或灯光精确同步。
Foley: The recreation of everyday sound effects in a studio to synchronise with the action, such as footsteps or rustling cloth.
拟音：在录音室中通过同步动作重现日常音效，如脚步声或衣服摩擦声。
Reverberation (Reverb): The persistence of sound after the original sound stops, used to suggest large halls, caves or dreamlike states.
混响：原声停止后声音的延续，用于表现大厅、洞穴或梦幻状态。
Volume / Level: The loudness of
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