Year 11 WJEC Engineering: Key Terminology Memorisation Guide | WJEC 工程 Year 11 核心术语速记指南

📚 Year 11 WJEC Engineering: Key Terminology Memorisation Guide | WJEC 工程 Year 11 核心术语速记指南

Engineering is a language of precision. Mastering its key terms allows you to describe, analyse, and design solutions with confidence. This guide breaks down the most important vocabulary from the WJEC Year 11 syllabus into concise definitions and memory hacks, helping you recall them quickly under exam pressure.

工程是一门精确的语言。掌握关键术语能让你自信地描述、分析和设计解决方案。本指南将 WJEC Year 11 教学大纲中最重要的词汇分解为简洁的定义和记忆技巧，帮助你在考试压力下快速回忆。

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1. Materials and Properties | 材料与性能

The properties of materials determine how they behave under different loads and environments.

材料的性能决定了它们在不同载荷和环境下的表现。

Tensile Strength: The maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched before it breaks.

抗拉强度：材料在被拉伸断裂前所能承受的最大应力。

💡 Memory tip: Link “tensile” to “tension” (pulling). Imagine a tug-of-war rope just before it snaps – the force at that point relates to tensile strength.

💡 记忆技巧：将 “tensile” 与 “tension”（拉力）联系起来。想象拔河绳即将断裂的瞬间——那一刻的力就与抗拉强度有关。

Hardness: Resistance of a material to indentation, scratching, or wear.

硬度：材料抵抗压入、划伤或磨损的能力。

💡 Memory tip: Think of the Mohs scale – diamond scratches glass easily, so it has high hardness.

💡 记忆技巧：想想莫氏硬度表——钻石能轻易划伤玻璃，因此硬度很高。

Ductility: The ability of a material to be drawn into a thin wire without fracturing.

延展性：材料能被拉成细丝而不断裂的能力。

💡 Memory tip: Copper is ductile, that’s why it is used for electrical wires. Think “duct” like a duct that can be pulled long.

💡 记忆技巧：铜具有延展性，因此被用于电线。想象 “duct”（管道）可以被拉得很长。

Corrosion Resistance: The ability to withstand damage caused by oxidisation or chemical reactions with the environment.

耐腐蚀性：抵御因氧化或与环境发生化学反应而造成损伤的能力。

💡 Memory tip: Stainless steel resists rust because of chromium forming a protective oxide layer. “Corrosion” sounds like “corrode”, which you avoid.

💡 记忆技巧：不锈钢因铬形成保护性氧化层而抗锈。”Corrosion” 听起来像 “corrode”（腐蚀），你要避免它。

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2. Forces and Stresses | 力与应力

Forces cause objects to accelerate or change shape. Stress describes how an internal force is distributed across a material’s cross-section.

力使物体加速或改变形状。应力描述了内力如何分布在材料的横截面上。

Tension: A pulling force that tries to lengthen or stretch an object.

拉力：试图拉长或拉伸物体的力。

💡 Memory tip: Imagine stretching a spring – it’s under tension. “Tension” rhymes with “extension”.

💡 记忆技巧：想象拉伸弹簧——它受到了拉力。”Tension” 和 “extension”（延伸）押韵。

Compression: A pushing force that tries to shorten or squash an object.

压力：试图缩短或压扁物体的推力。

💡 Memory tip: Think of squeezing a sponge – you apply compression. “Compress” means to press together.

💡 记忆技巧：想想挤压海绵——你在施加压力。”Compress” 意为压在一起。

Shear: A force that causes layers of a material to slide past each other.

剪切力：使材料层相互滑动的力。

💡 Memory tip: Scissors work by shear – the blades slide in opposite directions. “Shear” reminds of “shears” (scissors).

💡 记忆技巧：剪刀利用剪切力工作——刀片沿相反方向滑动。”Shear” 让人联想到 “shears”（剪刀）。

Torsion: A twisting force that causes rotation around a longitudinal axis.

扭转力：绕纵轴产生旋转的扭力。

💡 Memory tip: Wringing out a wet cloth involves torsion. The shaft of a screwdriver experiences torsion.

💡 记忆技巧：拧干湿布涉及扭转力。螺丝刀的杆身承受扭转力。

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3. Mechanical Components | 机械部件

Mechanical components transmit and change motion, force, and torque in machines.

机械部件在机器中传递和改变运动、力与扭矩。

Gear: A toothed wheel that meshes with another gear to transmit rotary motion and torque.

齿轮：与另一齿轮啮合以传递旋转运动和扭矩的带齿轮子。

💡 Memory tip: Bicycle gears change speed and effort. A small gear driving a large one increases torque (low speed, high force).

💡 记忆技巧：自行车齿轮改变速度和力。小齿轮带动大齿轮会增加扭矩（低速、大力）。

Lever: A rigid bar pivoted on a fulcrum, used to multiply force or change its direction.

杠杆：绕支点转动的刚性杆，用于放大力量或改变力的方向。

💡 Memory tip: A crowbar is a lever. “Give me a lever long enough and I shall move the world” – Archimedes.

💡 记忆技巧：起钉撬就是杠杆。阿基米德：”给我一根足够长的杠杆，我可以撬动地球。”

Bearing: A component that reduces friction between moving parts and supports rotating shafts.

轴承：减少运动部件之间摩擦并支撑旋转轴的部件。

💡 Memory tip: Ball bearings use balls to separate the surfaces. Without bearings, axles would wear out quickly.

💡 记忆技巧：滚珠轴承利用滚珠分隔表面。没有轴承，轴会很快磨损。

Pulley: A wheel with a grooved rim over which a rope or belt runs, used to change the direction of a force or transmit power.

滑轮：带有凹槽轮缘的轮子，绳子或皮带在其上运行，用于改变力的方向或传递动力。

💡 Memory tip: Flagpoles use pulleys to raise flags. A block and tackle system uses multiple pulleys for a mechanical advantage.

💡 记忆技巧：旗杆使用滑轮升旗。滑轮组系统使用多个滑轮以获得机械优势。

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4. Electronic Components | 电子元件

Electronic components control the flow of electric current in circuits, enabling functions like amplification, switching, and sensing.

电子元件控制电路中电流的流动，实现放大、开关和传感等功能。

Resistor: A component that limits or restricts current flow, providing a specific resistance measured in ohms (Ω).

电阻器：限制电流流动的元件，提供以欧姆 (Ω) 为单位的特定电阻值。

💡 Memory tip: Resistors “resist” the flow. Their coloured bands indicate the resistance value – read them using a colour code chart.

💡 记忆技巧：电阻器 “抵抗” 流动。其上的彩色色环表示电阻值——使用色码表读取。

Diode: A component that allows current to flow in one direction only, acting like an electrical check valve.

二极管：只允许电流单向流动的元件，如同电子单向阀。

💡 Memory tip: Think of a one-way street. The symbol arrow points in the allowed direction. LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) are diodes that light up.

💡 记忆技巧：想象一条单行道。符号箭头指向允许的方向。LED（发光二极管）是会发光的二极管。

Transistor: A semiconductor device used to amplify signals or act as an electronic switch.

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