Year 12 WJEC Science: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Handbook | WJEC 12 年级科学：公式定理速查手册

📚 Year 12 WJEC Science: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Handbook | WJEC 12 年级科学：公式定理速查手册

This handbook provides a concise collection of essential formulas, laws, and theorems from the Year 12 WJEC Science curriculum, covering Physics, Chemistry, and Biology. It is designed as a quick reference for revision and exam preparation, helping you to recall key quantitative relationships and foundational principles.

本手册汇编了 WJEC 12 年级科学课程中物理、化学和生物学的核心公式、定律和定理，旨在作为复习和备考的快速参考，帮助你回忆关键的定量关系和基本原理。

1. Kinematics Equations | 运动学方程

In Physics, kinematics describes the motion of objects without reference to the forces that cause the motion. For motion with constant acceleration, four key equations link displacement (s), initial velocity (u), final velocity (v), acceleration (a) and time (t).

物理学的运动学描述物体的运动而不涉及引起运动的力。对于匀加速运动，四个关键方程关联位移（s）、初速度（u）、末速度（v）、加速度（a）和时间（t）。

v = u + at
s = ut + ½at²
v² = u² + 2as
s = ½(u + v)t

These equations are known as the SUVAT equations. It is crucial to define the positive direction before assigning signs to vector quantities.

这些方程称为 SUVAT 方程。在给矢量分配符号之前，必须定义正方向，这一点至关重要。

2. Newton’s Laws of Motion | 牛顿运动定律

Newton’s three laws form the foundation of classical mechanics. The first law states that an object remains at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by a resultant force.

牛顿三条定律构成了经典力学的基础。第一定律指出，除非受到合外力作用，否则物体将保持静止或匀速直线运动状态。

The second law quantifies the relationship: resultant force F = m a, where m is mass

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