Year 12 CIE Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 12 CIE 西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 12 CIE Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Year 12 CIE 西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南

Vocabulary and grammatical terminology are not just checklists to memorise; they are tools that unlock reading comprehension, essay writing, speaking fluency and accurate listening. In the CIE AS Spanish syllabus (8022), you are expected to recognise and use a wide range of words, idiomatic phrases, and technical terms across four skills. This guide provides proven fast-memory techniques, grouping strategies, and must-know terminology to help Year 12 students build a robust lexical foundation efficiently.

词汇和语法术语不仅仅是需要记忆的清单；它们是开启阅读理解、论文写作、口语流利度和听力精准度的工具。在 CIE AS 西班牙语大纲 (8022) 中，你需要在四项技能中识别和使用广泛的词汇、习语短语和技术术语。本指南提供了经过验证的快速记忆技巧、分组策略以及必知的术语，帮助 Year 12 学生高效地打下坚实的词汇基础。

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1. Mastering Parts of Speech Terminology | 掌握词性术语

When discussing grammar or analysing texts, you need the precise Spanish names for parts of speech. Using them correctly in your speaking and writing shows advanced metalinguistic awareness. Start by grouping them into core categories.

在讨论语法或分析文本时，你需要知道词性准确的西班牙语名称。在口语和写作中正确使用它们能展现出高级的语言认知能力。先将它们按核心类别分组。

Below is a quick reference table of the nine fundamental parts of speech; notice how many share cognates with English.

以下是九大基本词类的速查表；请注意其中许多与英语同源。

English Term	Spanish Term	中文
noun	sustantivo	名词
verb	verbo	动词
adjective	adjetivo	形容词
adverb	adverbio	副词
pronoun	pronombre	代词
preposition	preposición	介词
conjunction	conjunción	连词
article	artículo	冠词
interjection	interjección	感叹词

A quick memory trick: associate ‘sustantivo’ with the old-fashioned English word ‘substantive’, which also means noun. ‘Verbo’ is obvious, and ‘adjetivo’ and ‘adverbio’ mirror English clearly. For ‘pronombre’, think of ‘pro-noun’ – standing in for a noun.

一个速记窍门：将 ‘sustantivo’ 与英语老式词 ‘substantive’（也表示名词）联系起来。’verbo’ 很明显，而 ‘adjetivo’ 和 ‘adverbio’ 与英语几乎一样。对于 ‘pronombre’，可以想成 ‘pro-noun’，即替代名词的词。

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2. Verb Tense and Mood Terms Decoded | 解读动词时态与语气术语

CIE exam rubrics expect you to manipulate tenses accurately. Learn the Spanish names for tenses and moods so you can follow grammar explanations and talk about your own language choices.

CIE 考试评分标准要求你准确运用各种时态。学会时态和语气的西班牙语名称，你才能理解语法讲解并讨论自己的语言选择。

Memorise the core indicative tenses first, then add subjunctive and imperative forms. The following table groups the most tested terms.

先记忆核心陈述式时态，然后再加入虚拟式和命令式。下表汇总了最常考的术语。

Tense/Mood	Spanish Term	中文
present indicative	presente (de indicativo)	陈述式现在时
preterite (simple past)	pretérito indefinido / pretérito perfecto simple	简单过去时
imperfect	pretérito imperfecto	过去未完成时
present perfect	pretérito perfecto compuesto	现在完成时
future	futuro simple	将来时
conditional	condicional simple	条件式
present subjunctive	presente de subjuntivo	虚拟式现在时
imperfect subjunctive	pretérito imperfecto de subjuntivo	虚拟式过去未完成时
imperative (commands)	imperativo	命令式

To remember ‘imperfecto’, link it to ‘imperfect’ – actions without a clear end. ‘Indefinido’ hints at a completed action with no ongoing relevance. Create a timeline visual in your notes with the Spanish labels, and you will internalise the system quickly.

要记住 ‘imperfecto’，可将其与 ‘不完美’ 挂钩——指没有明确结束的动作。’Indefinido’ 则暗示已经完成且与现在无关的动作。在笔记中画一条时间轴并标上这些西班牙语标签，你就能快速内化整个体系。

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3. Thematic Vocabulary Grouping for CIE Topics | 按 CIE 主题分类词汇

The CIE syllabus revolves around themes like family, technology, environment, health, and cultural life. Instead of learning random word lists, group vocabulary under each theme. This creates mental ‘file folders’ that boost recall during writing and speaking tasks.

CIE 大纲围绕家庭、科技、环境、健康和文化生活等主题展开。与其随机背单词表，不如按主题分组记忆。这样能在脑中建立 ‘文件夹’，在写作和口语中增强提取速度。

For instance, under ‘La familia’, collect terms such as ‘el cónyuge’ (spouse), ‘la pareja de hecho’ (common-law partner), ‘el divorcio exprés’ (quick divorce). Under ‘La tecnología’, include ‘la pantalla táctil’ (touchscreen), ‘descargar’ (to download), ‘el ciberacoso’ (cyberbullying).

例如，在 ‘家庭’ 主题下，收集词汇如 ‘el cónyuge’（配偶）、’la pareja de hecho’（事实伴侣）、’el divorcio exprés’（快速离婚）。在 ‘科技’ 主题下，涵盖 ‘la pantalla táctil’（触摸屏）、’descargar’（下载）、’el ciberacoso’（网络欺凌）。

Create a mind map or one-page summary per theme. The act of categorising itself strengthens memory. Regularly test yourself by looking at the theme title and recalling 10-15 key words without prompts.

为每个主题制作思维导图或单页总结。分类行为本身就能强化记忆。定期自测：看着标题，在不看提示的情况下回想 10-15 个关键词。

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4. Cognate Treasure Hunt: Friends and False Friends | 同源词宝藏：真朋友与假朋友

Spanish and English share thousands of cognates – words that look and mean the same. Exploiting these can rapidly expand your recognition vocabulary. Words ending in -ción correspond to -tion (educación → education), -dad to -ty (universidad → university), -mente to -ly (rápidamente → rapidly).

西班牙语和英语有数千个同源词——长相和意义都相同的词。善用它们能快速扩大你的识别词汇量。以 -ción 结尾的词对应 -tion（educación → education），-dad 对应 -ty（universidad → university），-mente 对应 -ly（rápidamente → rapidly）。

However, beware of ‘false friends’ that mislead. The classic trap: ’embarazada’ means pregnant, not embarrassed. ‘Actualmente’ means currently, not actually. ‘Carpeta’ is a folder, not a carpet. Below is a short list to keep nearby.

但要警惕误导人的 ‘假朋友’。经典陷阱：’embarazada’ 意为怀孕，而非尴尬；’actualmente’ 意为目前，而非实际上；’carpeta’ 是文件夹，不是地毯。以下简短清单可备随手查阅。

Spanish Word	You Might Think It Means	Actual Meaning (中文)
embarazada	embarrassed	pregnant (怀孕的)
actualmente	actually	currently (目前)
carpeta	carpet	folder (文件夹)
constipado	constipated	having a cold (感冒)
sensible	sensible	sensitive (敏感的)

Turn cognate spotting into a game: whenever you read a Spanish text, highlight obvious cognates in green and false friends in red. This visual habit sharpens your awareness.

把寻找同源词变成游戏：每当阅读西班牙语文章，用绿色标出明显的同源词，用红色标出假朋友。这种视觉习惯能提升警觉性。

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5. Affix Power: Prefixes and Suffixes | 词缀力量：前缀与后缀

Prefixes and suffixes are like building blocks. Once you know a root, adding an affix can generate multiple related words. Focus on the high-frequency Spanish affixes below.

前缀和后缀就像积木。一旦你认识词根，添加词缀就能衍生出多个相关词汇。集中掌握以下高频西班牙语词缀。

Key prefixes: des- (un-, dis-): deshacer (undo), desconocido (unknown). re- (re-): rehacer (redo), reabrir (reopen). in-/im- (in-, un-): innecesario, imposible. Key suffixes: -ción (forms nouns): la organización, la comunicación. -dad / -tad (forms abstract nouns): la libertad, la igualdad. -ista (person who does): el/la periodista, el/la artista. -mente (forms adverbs): rápidamente, fácilmente.

重点前缀：des-（不，反）：deshacer（撤销），desconocido（未知的）。re-（再，重）：rehacer（重做），reabrir（重新开放）。in-/im-（不）：innecesario, imposible。重点后缀：-ción（构成名词）：la organización, la comunicación。-dad / -tad（构成抽象名词）：la libertad, la igualdad。-ista（从事者）：el/la periodista, el/la artista。-mente（构成副词）：rápidamente, fácilmente。

A smart review exercise: take a root like ’emplear’ (to employ) and build a family: el empleo (job), el desempleo (unemployment), desempleado (unemployed), la empleabilidad. This morphological approach boosts

Published by TutorHao | Year 12 西班牙语 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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