Year 12 Edexcel Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Revision Guide | Year 12 Edexcel 西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 12 Edexcel Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Revision Guide | Year 12 Edexcel 西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南

Building a strong vocabulary and mastering key terminology is the gateway to success in the Edexcel Year 12 Spanish exam. This guide breaks down essential lexical categories, memorisation strategies, and the specific linguistic terms you need to analyse texts and express yourself fluently, all aligned with the latest specification.

积累扎实的词汇并掌握关键术语，是在 Edexcel Year 12 西班牙语考试中取得成功的入口。本指南分解了必备的词汇类别、记忆策略以及你需要用来分析文本和流畅表达的特定语言学术语，完全匹配最新考纲。

1. Understanding the Role of Vocabulary & Terminology in the Exam | 理解词汇与术语在考试中的作用

The Edexcel Year 12 Spanish paper assesses vocabulary both implicitly and explicitly: in reading and listening comprehension, lexis determines how well you grasp meaning, while in the speaking and writing components, a wide and precise vocabulary earns marks for range and accuracy. Terminology such as ‘sustantivo’, ‘verbo auxiliar’ and ‘pronunciación’ also appears in the grammar and translation tasks, so knowing the metalanguage saves time and prevents misunderstanding.

Edexcel Year 12 西班牙语试卷对词汇的考查既隐性又显性：在阅读和听力理解中，词汇决定你把握含义的深度，而在口语和写作部分，广泛而精准的词汇能为你赢得“语言丰富度”和“准确性”的分数。像 ‘sustantivo’（名词）、‘verbo auxiliar’（助动词）和 ‘pronunciación’（发音）这样的元语言还会出现在语法和翻译任务里，因此熟记术语能节省时间并避免误解。

Start by organising your study into three pillars: core thematic vocabulary, high-frequency functional words, and grammatical terminology. Doing so mirrors the exam structure and keeps revision focused.

你可以先把学习内容分成三大支柱：核心主题词汇、高频功能词和语法术语。这样做能贴合考试结构，让复习更有针对性。

2. Cognates: Your Instant Vocabulary Boosters | 同源词：你的词汇速增器

Spanish and English share thousands of cognates — words that look and mean the same due to their shared Latin roots. Recognising them instantly can dramatically improve your reading speed. Examples include ‘familia’ (family), ‘importante’ (important), ‘música’ (music), ‘universidad’ (university), and ‘posible’ (possible).

西班牙语和英语共享数千个同源词——这些词由于共同的拉丁词根拼写和意思都相同。瞬间识别它们能大幅提高你的阅读速度。例子包括 ‘familia’（家庭）、‘importante’（重要的）、‘música’（音乐）、‘universidad’（大学）和 ‘posible’（可能的）。

Pay attention to regular endings that signal cognates: English words ending in -tion often become -ción (information → información); -ary becomes -ario (necessary → necesario); and -ent/-ant often map to -ente/-ante (intelligent → inteligente). Practise spotting these patterns in past papers.

留意常见词尾的转换规律：以 -tion 结尾的英文词常变为 -ción（information → información）；-ary 变为 -ario（necessary → necesario）；-ent/-ant 常对应 -ente/-ante（intelligent → inteligente）。请通过往年真题练习发现这些模式。

3. False Friends: The Hidden Traps | 假同源词：隐藏的陷阱

False friends are words that appear similar in Spanish and English but carry different meanings, often leading to embarrassing or exam-harming mistakes. A classic case is ’embarazada’, which does not mean ’embarrassed’ but ‘pregnant’. Another is ‘actualmente’, which means ‘currently’, not ‘actually’.

假同源词是那些在西班牙语和英语中看似相似但含义不同的词，常导致令人尴尬或考试失分的错误。经典案例是 ‘embarazada’，它不是 ‘embarrassed’（尴尬的），而是 “怀孕的”。另一个是 ‘actualmente’，意思是 “目前”，而不是 “实际上”。

Below is a quick-reference table of common false friends you must memorise:

以下是必记常见假同源词速查表：

Spanish	False English Friend	Actual Meaning
asistir	assist	to attend
carpeta	carpet	folder
constipado	constipated	having a cold
sensible	sensible	sensitive
éxito	exit	success

Apply these in translation exercises: remember a sentence like ‘Tengo mucho éxito en mis estudios’ means ‘I have a lot of success in my studies’, not something about leaving!

在翻译练习中应用这些：记住 ‘Tengo mucho éxito en mis estudios’ 意思是 “我在学业上很成功”，而不是关于离开！

4. High-Frequency Verbs and Their Conjugations | 高频动词及其变位

A small number of verbs account for a large proportion of texts. Mastery of irregular forms of ser, estar, tener, hacer, ir, poder, decir, ver, dar, saber is non-negotiable. For Edexcel, you must be confident with present, preterite, imperfect, perfect, future and conditional tenses, at minimum.

少数动词占据了文本的很大比例。掌握 ser、estar、tener、hacer、ir、poder、decir、ver、dar、saber 的不规则变位是必选项。针对 Edexcel，至少要对现在时、简单过去时、过去未完成时、现在完成时、将来时和条件式充满自信。

Create a personalised verb grid, noting stem changes (e.g. ‘p ensar’ → ‘p ienso’) and orthographic quirks (e.g. ‘sacar’ → ‘saqué’ in the preterite). Use colour-coding: red for irregulars, green for radical-changing verbs.

创建个人动词网格，记录词干变化（如 ‘p ensar’ → ‘p ienso’）和拼写特例（如 ‘sacar’ 在简单过去时变为 ‘saqué’）。用颜色编码：红色标记完全不规则动词，绿色标记词根变化动词。

5. Thematic Vocabulary: Society, Family and Relationships | 主题词汇：社会、家庭与人际关系

Edexcel’s Theme 1 — ‘Los cambios en la sociedad’ — demands specific lexis around family models, gender equality, and work-life balance. Key terms include ‘el reparto de tareas’ (sharing of chores), ‘la baja de paternidad’ (paternity leave), ‘conciliar’ (to reconcile), ‘el techo de cristal’ (glass ceiling), and ‘la brecha salarial’ (wage gap).

Edexcel 主题一——“社会变迁”——需要掌握有关家庭模式、性别平等和工作生活平衡的特定词汇。关键术语包括 ‘el reparto de tareas’（家务分配）、‘la baja de paternidad’（陪产假）、‘conciliar’（协调）、‘el techo de cristal’（玻璃天花板）和 ‘la brecha salarial’（薪酬差距）。

Use these terms actively when discussing the topics. Instead of saying ‘hombres y mujeres no ganan igual’, upgrade to ‘Persiste la brecha salarial entre hombres y mujeres’. Such precision impresses examiners.

讨论话题时积极使用这些术语。与其说 ‘hombres y mujeres no ganan igual’，不如提升到 ‘Persiste la brecha salarial entre hombres y mujeres’。这种精确性能让考官眼前一亮。

6. Thematic Vocabulary: Technology, Media and Youth Culture | 主题词汇：科技、媒体与青年文化

Theme 2 — ‘La cultura política y artística en el mundo de habla hispana’ — overlaps with media and digital life. Crucial items include ‘el teletrabajo’ (teleworking), ‘las redes sociales’ (social networks), ‘el ciberacoso’ (cyberbullying), ‘la adicción al móvil’ (mobile phone addiction), ‘la fuente fiable’ (reliable source), and ‘la brecha digital’ (digital divide).

主题二——“西班牙语世界的政治与艺术文化”——与媒体及数字生活交叉。核心词汇包括 ‘el teletrabajo’（远程办公）、‘las redes sociales’（社交网络）、‘el ciberacoso’（网络欺凌）、‘la adicción al móvil’（手机成瘾）、‘la fuente fiable’（可靠来源）和 ‘la brecha digital’（数字鸿沟）。

When analysing articles or listening excerpts, note how these terms are used to express arguments. For instance, ‘Estar enganchado a la pantalla’ idiomatically conveys screen addiction.

在分析文章或听力片段时，留意这些术语是如何用来表达论点的。例如，‘Estar enganchado a la pantalla’ 习惯上表达屏幕成瘾。

7. Essential Grammar Terminology in Spanish | 必备西语语法术语

Exam questions often require you to identify parts of speech or explain grammatical points. Memorise these metalinguistic labels:

考试题目经常要求你识别词性或解释语法点。请记住以下元语言标签：

Parts of speech: el sustantivo (noun), el adjetivo (adjective), el verbo (verb), el adverbio (adverb), la preposición (preposition), la conjunción (conjunction), el pronombre (pronoun).

词类：el sustantivo（名词）、el adjetivo（形容词）、el verbo（动词）、el adverbio（副词）、la preposición（介词）、la conjunción（连词）、el pronombre（代词）。

Tense and Mood: el presente (present), el pretérito (preterite), el imperfecto (imperfect), el futuro (future), el condicional (conditional), el presente de subjuntivo (present subjunctive), el imperativo (imperative).

时态与语式：el presente（现在时）、el pretérito（简单过去时）、el imperfecto（过去未完成时）、el futuro（将来时）、el condicional（条件式）、el presente de subjuntivo（现在虚拟式）、el imperativo（命令式）。

Being able to say, ‘In this sentence, the verb ‘sea’ is the present subjunctive of ‘ser” shows high-level control.

能够说出 “在这个句子里，动词 ‘sea’ 是 ‘ser’ 的现在虚拟式” 展现了高级的语言掌控力。

8. Idiomatic Expressions That Lift Your Score | 让分数更上一层楼的惯用表达

Using well-chosen idioms demonstrates natural flair. Focus on those linked to exam themes: ‘costar un ojo de la cara’ (to cost an arm and a leg — for economic topics), ‘estar en las nubes’ (to be daydreaming — for education/technology), ‘no hay mal que por bien no venga’ (every cloud has a silver lining), and ‘pan comido’ (a piece of cake — for describing ease).

恰当地使用习语能展现自然的语言天赋。聚焦与考试主题相关的：’costar un ojo de la cara’（价格昂贵——用于经济话题）、’estar en las nubes’（心不在焉——用于教育/科技）、’no hay mal que por bien no venga’（每朵乌云都有一道银边）以及 ‘pan comido’（小菜一碟——用来描述容易之事）。

Avoid overstuffing. One idiom per speaking card or essay paragraph is enough; the key is to fit them naturally into the argument.

避免堆砌。每张口语卡片或每个作文段落用一句习语足矣；关键是自然而然地融入论述。

9. Connectives and Discourse Markers for Coherent Writing | 让写作连贯的连接词与话语标记

Edexcel rewards clear organisation. A stock of connectives ensures your ideas flow. Learn them by function:

Edexcel 给条理清晰的表达加分。拥有连接词库能让你的观点流畅展开。按功能学习：

Addition: además (furthermore), asimismo (likewise), no solo… sino también (not only… but also) — 补充：además、asimismo、no solo… sino también
Contrast: sin embargo (however), no obstante (nevertheless), en cambio (on the other hand) — 对比：sin embargo、no obstante、en cambio
Cause and effect: por lo tanto (therefore), dado que (given that), a causa de (due to) — 因果：por lo tanto、dado que、a causa de
Conclusion: en conclusión (in conclusion), en resumen (in summary), en definitiva (in short) — 结论：en conclusión、en resumen、en definitiva

Practise using these in mini-paragraphs: start with a statement, introduce a contrasting view with ‘sin embargo’, and conclude with ‘por lo tanto’. This simple structure already ticks two assessment objectives.

在短段落中练习使用它们：先陈述一个观点，用 ‘sin embargo’ 引入对立视角，再用 ‘por lo tanto’ 收尾。这个简单结构已经满足了两项评估目标。

10. Active Memory Techniques for Long-Term Retention | 长期记忆的主动记忆技巧

Passive reading of vocabulary lists rarely works. Instead, use spaced repetition with digital flashcards (Anki, Quizlet) that prompt you to produce the Spanish from an image or definition. Other effective methods include: creating semantic mind maps for each theme, labelling objects at home with their Spanish names, and recording yourself speaking topic paragraphs and listening back.

被动地看词汇表效果甚微。相反，使用支持间隔重复的数字闪卡（Anki、Quizlet），根据图片或定义强迫自己说出西班牙语单词。其他有效方法包括：为每个主题绘制语义思维导图，在家里的物品上贴上西班牙语名称，以及自己录制话题段落并回听。

The ‘keyword method’ also suits tricky items: for ‘el escritorio’ (desk), picture a writer (escribir) scribbling on a desk. The more vivid the mental image, the stronger the memory trace.

“关键词法”也适用于难记的词：对于 ‘el escritorio’（书桌），想象一位作家（escribir）在书桌上奋笔疾书。脑海中的画面越生动，记忆痕迹就越牢固。

11. Exam-Style Quick Test and Self-Assessment | 考试风格快速自测

Reinforce today’s revision with a rapid quiz. Translate these sentences into Spanish, employing the vocabulary and terms from above:

用一个小测验巩固今天的复习。将下列句子翻译成西班牙语，并用上上述词汇和术语：

1. ‘Despite the wage gap, many women have achieved great success in the technological field.’
2. ‘I used to spend too much time on social media, but now I am aware of mobile phone addiction.’
3. ‘If the government approved paternity leave, the sharing of chores would be more equal.’

1. “尽管存在薪酬差距，许多女性在科技领域取得了巨大成功。”
2. “我过去在社交媒体上花了太多时间，但现在我意识到了手机成瘾。”
3. “如果政府批准陪产假，家务分配就会更平等。”

Check your answers against these model versions: 1. ‘A pesar de la brecha salarial, muchas mujeres han conseguido un gran éxito en el ámbito tecnológico.’ 2. ‘Pasaba demasiado tiempo en las redes sociales, pero ahora soy consciente de la adicción al móvil.’ 3. ‘Si el gobierno aprobara la baja de paternidad, el reparto de tareas sería más igualitario.’ If you included a subjunctive after ‘si’ in sentence 3, you’ve demonstrated excellent grammar control.

对照这些范本检查你的答案：1. ‘A pesar de la brecha salarial, muchas mujeres han conseguido un gran éxito en el ámbito tecnológico.’ 2. ‘Pasaba demasiado tiempo en las redes sociales, pero ahora soy consciente de la adicción al móvil.’ 3. ‘Si el gobierno aprobara la baja de paternidad, el reparto de tareas sería más igualitario.’ 如果你在句3的 ‘si’ 从句中使用了虚拟式，就展现了出色的语法掌控力。

Published by TutorHao | Spanish Revision Series | aleveler.com

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Year 12 Edexcel Spanish: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Revision Guide | Year 12 Edexcel 西班牙语：词汇术语速记指南