📚 Year 13 CCEA Physical Education: Vocabulary and Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | CCEA Year 13 体育：词汇术语速记指南
Memorising the vast terminology in CCEA Year 13 Physical Education can feel overwhelming, but linking each term to a vivid memory hook transforms rote learning into lasting understanding. This guide walks you through the essential vocabulary from across the syllabus—physiology, psychology, skill acquisition, and sociocultural topics—paired with creative mnemonics and quick-study tricks to help you recall definitions under exam pressure.
记忆 CCEA Year 13 体育课程中大量的术语可能让人望而生畏，但将每个术语与生动的记忆挂钩联系起来，能把死记硬背转化为长久理解。本指南带你遍历大纲中的核心词汇——涵盖生理学、心理学、技能习得和社会文化主题——并配以创意助记符和速记技巧，帮助你在考试压力下准确回忆定义。
1. Energy Systems & Terminology | 能量系统与名词术语
The ATP-PC (adenosine triphosphate-phosphocreatine) system is the fastest way to resynthesise ATP, lasting up to 10 seconds of maximal effort without oxygen.
ATP-PC（三磷酸腺苷-磷酸肌酸）系统是再合成ATP的最快途径，可在无氧条件下支撑最高强度运动10秒。
Memory hack: “All The Power – Pure Creatine” – associate ‘PC’ with pure creatine providing an explosive start.
记忆技巧：”All The Power – Pure Creatine”（全部力量–纯肌酸）——将’PC’与纯肌酸提供爆发启动联系起来。
The glycolytic (lactic acid) system dominates high-intensity efforts lasting up to 2–3 minutes, producing lactic acid as a by-product.
糖酵解（乳酸）系统在持续2-3分钟的高强度运动中占主导，产生乳酸作为副产品。
Remember: “Lactic makes you panic” – linking lactate accumulation to the burning fatigue that forces you to slow down.
记住：”乳酸让你恐慌”——把乳酸堆积与迫使你减速的灼烧疲劳联系起来。
The aerobic system supplies energy for prolonged low-to-moderate intensity work, using oxygen to break down carbohydrates and fats.
有氧系统为长时间中低强度运动供能，利用氧气分解碳水化合物和脂肪。
Mnemonic: “Aero = air you owe” – you need air (oxygen) to repay the energy debt over time.
助记：”Aero = 你欠的空气”——你需要空气（氧气）来逐渐偿还能量债务。
| Energy System / 能量系统 | Duration & Intensity / 时长与强度 | Fuel / 燃料 | By-products / 副产物 | Memory Hook / 记忆钩子 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATP-PC System / ATP-PC系统 | 0–10 s, maximal / 0–10秒，最大强度 | Phosphocreatine (PC) / 磷酸肌酸 | None / 无 | “Pure Explosive Start” / “纯粹爆发启动” |
| Lactic Acid System / 乳酸系统 | 10 s – 3 min, high / 10秒–3分，高强度 | Glycogen / 糖原 | Lactic acid / 乳酸 | “Lactic Panic” / “乳酸恐慌” |
| Aerobic System / 有氧系统 | 3+ min, low/mod / 3分钟以上，中低强度 | Carbs & Fats / 碳水与脂肪 | CO2, H2O / 二氧化碳，水 | “Aero = Air You Owe” / “有氧=欠空气” |
2. Muscle Fibre Types | 肌纤维类型
There are three main fibre types: Type I (slow oxidative), Type IIa (fast oxidative glycolytic), and Type IIx (fast glycolytic).
主要有三种肌纤维类型：I型（慢速氧化型）、IIa型（快速氧化糖酵解型）和IIx型（快速糖酵解型）。
Visual image: “I = one speed slow – the marathon runner’s fibre; IIa = adaptable all-rounder; IIx = explosive X-man.”
视觉联想：I型像一号慢速——马拉松选手纤维；IIa型全能适应者；IIx型爆发X战警。
Another trick: count the letters – Type I has one letter (slow); Type IIa has three letters (more resistant to fatigue than IIx); Type IIx also has three, but the ‘x’ marks pure power.
另一个技巧：数字母——I型一个字母（慢）；IIa型三个字母（比IIx更抗疲劳）；IIx虽三个字母但”x”代表纯粹爆发。
Recall colour: Type I fibres are red (rich in myoglobin), Type IIx are white (fast but fatigue quickly). Think “Red for endurance, White for Watts.”
颜色记忆：I型纤维为红色（富含肌红蛋白），IIx型为白色（快但易疲劳）。想到”红色持久，白色爆发力”。
3. Cardiovascular Terminology | 心血管术语
Heart rate (HR) is the number of beats per minute. Stroke volume (SV) is the amount of blood pumped per beat. Cardiac output (Q) is the total blood pumped per minute.
心率（HR）是每分钟心跳次数。每搏输出量（SV）是每次搏动泵出的血液量。心输出量（Q）是每分钟泵出的血液总量。
Q = HR x SV
Memory: picture a “Queen’s Heart Sells Victory” – Q = HR x SV.
记忆：想象”女王之心出售胜利” – Q = HR x SV，轻松记住公式。
VO2 max is the maximum volume of oxygen the body can take in, transport and utilise per minute. It is the gold standard for aerobic endurance.
VO2 max 是身体每分钟能摄入、运输和利用的最大氧气量，是有氧耐力的黄金标准。
Mnmonic: “Very Oxygen – 2 lungs, max effort” – picture two lungs working at full capacity.
助记：”Very Oxygen – 两片肺，拼全力”——想象两片肺全力工作。
4. Respiratory System Terms | 呼吸系统术语
Tidal volume (TV) is the volume of air inspired or expired per breath. Vital capacity (VC) is the maximum air expelled after a maximum inspiration. Minute ventilation (VE) is the volume of air inspired or expired per minute.
潮气量（TV）是每次呼吸吸入或呼出的气体量。肺活量（VC）是最大吸气后能呼出的最大气体量。每分通气量（VE）是每分钟吸入或呼出的气体总量。
Equation: VE = TV x f (f = breathing frequency). Think “Very Tired Fools” for VE = TV x f.
方程：VE = TV x 呼吸频率。联想”非常疲惫的傻瓜”（Very Tired Fools）来记住VE = TV x f。
During exercise, TV and f increase to boost VE. Cheat sheet: “Tidal is typical breath, Vital is all you’ve got.”
运动时，TV和呼吸频率上升以增加VE。速记：”潮气量是平常一口，肺活量是你全部的底牌。”
5. Classification of Motor Skills | 运动技能分类
Skills are classified on several continua: open vs closed, gross vs fine, discrete vs serial vs continuous, and self-paced vs externally-paced.
技能可沿多个连续体分类：开放与封闭、粗大与精细、离散与系列与连续、以及自定节奏与外部节奏。
Open skills are performed in unpredictable environments (e.g. dribbling in football). Closed skills occur in stable, predictable settings (e.g. a gymnastic vault).
开放技能在不可预测的环境中执行（如足球运球）。封闭技能在稳定可预测的环境中完成（如体操跳马）。
Memory: “Open door = environment changes; Closed door = you control the room.”
记忆：”开门=环境变化；关门=你掌控房间。”
Gross skills use large muscle groups (jumping); fine skills use small muscles (darts). Think “Gross = big, Fine = delicate.”
粗大技能用大肌肉群（跳跃）；精细技能用小肌肉（飞镖）。想到”粗大即大，精细即精巧。”
Discrete skills have a clear start and finish (tennis serve); serial skills link discrete elements (triple jump); continuous skills have no obvious end (cycling).
离散技能有明确起止（网球发球）；系列技能串联离散动作（三级跳远）；连续技能无明显终点（骑自行车）。
6. Stages of Learning | 学习阶段
Fitts and Posner’s model: Cognitive, Associative, Autonomous. Use the acronym CAA – “Can’t Act Awkwardly” to remember the order.
Fitts 和 Posner 模型：认知阶段、联结阶段、自主阶段。用首字母 CAA——”做事不再笨拙”来记忆顺序。
In the cognitive stage, the learner tries to understand the task, makes many errors, and uses a lot of conscious thought. Think “C for clumsy.”
认知阶段：学习者试图理解任务，错误多，依赖大量有意识思考。记住”C代表笨拙。”
The associative stage refines the movement through practice; errors decrease, feedback becomes internal. Link “A for adjusting.”
联结阶段通过练习改善动作；错误减少，反馈内化。”A代表调整。”
In the autonomous stage, the skill becomes automatic and can be performed with little conscious control. “A for automatic pilot.”
自主阶段：技能自动化，几乎不需意识控制。”A像自动驾驶。”
7. Types of Feedback | 反馈类型
Intrinsic feedback comes from the performer’s own sensory systems (feeling the ball leave the hand). Extrinsic (augmented) feedback is provided by an outside source (coach, video).
内在反馈来自运动员自身感官（如感觉到
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