Year 13 Edexcel Psychology: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Edexcel 心理学：词汇术语速记指南

📚 Year 13 Edexcel Psychology: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Memorisation Guide | Edexcel 心理学：词汇术语速记指南

For Year 13 Edexcel Psychology students, mastering the vast terminology across clinical, criminal, child, health psychology and research methods is critical for top marks. This guide presents targeted memorisation strategies such as visual imagery, acronyms, chunking and spaced repetition, linked directly to key terms you must know for your A2 exams.

对 Year 13 Edexcel 心理学学生而言，掌握临床、犯罪、儿童、健康心理学以及研究方法中的大量术语是获取高分的关键。本指南提供视觉联想法、首字母缩略法、组块法和间隔重复等针对性记忆策略，并直接关联 A2 考试必考的核心词汇。

1. Why Quick Memorisation Matters | 为何快速记忆至关重要

Psychology terms are often abstract, and the Edexcel specification expects precise definitions and appropriate application. Rote learning alone is inefficient; linking new words to vivid mental images, personal stories or acronyms strengthens long-term memory. For example, the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia can be remembered by picturing a ‘dope’ (dopamine) firing too many signals in a dark brain.

心理学术语通常比较抽象，Edexcel 考试要求给出精确定义并正确应用。单纯死记硬背效率低下；将新词汇与生动的心理图像、个人故事或首字母缩略词联系，能加强长时记忆。例如，精神分裂症的多巴胺假说可以想象成“多巴胺”在大脑黑暗处疯狂发射信号。

This guide uses these techniques to help you recall complex terms such as ‘investigative psychology’, ‘internal working model’, ‘inter-rater reliability’ and ‘biopsychosocial model’ effortlessly.

本指南运用这些技巧，帮助你轻松回忆“调查心理学”、“内部工作模型”、“评分者间信度”和“生物心理社会模型”等复杂术语。

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2. Clinical Psychology: Key Diagnostic Terms | 临床心理学：核心诊断术语

Clinical psychology dominates Unit 4. Start with the diagnostic manuals: DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, 5th edition) used primarily in the US, and ICD-11 (International Classification of Diseases, 11th revision) used worldwide. Visualise the ‘blue book’ of DSM-5 next to a globe for ICD-11 to place it globally.

临床心理学在第四单元中占主导地位。从诊断手册入手：DSM-5（精神障碍诊断与统计手册，第5版）主要在美国使用，ICD-11（国际疾病分类，第11修订版）在世界范围使用。想象DSM-5的“蓝皮书”旁边放着一个地球仪，强调其全球性。

Remember ‘reliability’ as consistency – imagine a reliable friend always giving the same response. Inter-rater reliability: two clinicians independently reach the same diagnosis; picture two doctors high-fiving after agreeing.

将“信度”记为一致性——想象一位可靠的朋友总是给出相同回应。评分者间信度：两位临床医生独立做出相同诊断；想象两位医生达成一致后击掌庆祝。

For ‘validity’, think of ‘valid’ meaning truthful – a diagnosis truly reflects the patient’s condition. Use the Rosenhan (1973) study: pseudopatients heard voices but acted normally; visualise ‘sane’ people in hospital to remember lack of validity.

对于“效度”，想想“有效的”表示真实——诊断真正反映患者的状况。利用 Rosenhan (1973) 研究：假病人说听到声音，但行为正常；想象“正常人”在精神病院，记住诊断缺乏效度。

Core disorder terms: ‘Schizophrenia’ – split (schizo) + mind (phrene). Envisage a shattered mirror for fragmented thinking. ‘Depression’ – think of a ‘deep press’ weighing down mood.

核心障碍术语：“精神分裂症”——分裂 (schizo) + 心智 (phrene)。想象一面破碎的镜子，代表思维支离破碎。“抑郁症”——想象一种“深层重压”压低情绪。

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3. Biological Explanations of Schizophrenia | 精神分裂症的生物学解释

The dopamine hypothesis states that excess dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway causes positive symptoms. Use the acronym ‘DOPE’ – Dopamine Overactivity Produces Excess (signals). Picture a ‘dope’ brain with flashing lights.

多巴胺假说指出中脑边缘通路多巴胺活动过量导致阳性症状。用首字母缩略词“DOPE”——多巴胺过度活动产生过量信号。想象一个“多巴胺”大脑闪着闪光灯。

Enlarged ventricles: picture a hollow walnut with too much space inside – this structural abnormality can be remembered by thinking ‘ventricles’ sounds like ‘vents’ that are wide open.

脑室扩大：想象核桃内部空间太大——这种结构异常可以通过“ventricles”联想到通风口“vents”大开来记忆。

Genetic factors: concordance rates show higher MZ than DZ twins. Remember ‘MZ’ as ‘matching zippers’ and ‘DZ’ as ‘different zippers’ to recall MZ twins share nearly 100% genes.

遗传因素：同卵双生子一致率高于异卵。记住“MZ”就像“匹配的拉链”，“DZ”像“不同的拉链”，以回忆 MZ 基因几乎 100% 相同。

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4. Criminological Psychology: Offender Profiling | 犯罪心理学：罪犯画像

The FBI’s top-down approach categorises offenders into organised (planned, intelligent, socially competent) and disorganised (impulsive, messy scenes). Think ‘top-down’ as reading the whole story first; FBI profilers start with personality types.

FBI 的自上而下法把罪犯分为有组织型（事先计划、聪明、社交能力强）和无组织型（冲动、现场混乱）。把“自上而下”想成先读故事梗概；FBI 画像师从人格类型入手。

Bottom-up approach: investigative psychology (David Canter) uses data-driven analysis. Associate ‘bottom-up’ with building from small details like a bottom brick. Geographical profiling: imagine a map with crime locations clustered, the ‘centre of gravity’ gives the offender’s base – remember ‘geo-profile’ with a compass.

自下而上法：调查心理学（David Canter）采用数据驱动分析。将“自下而上”联想为从底层砖块构建细节。地理画像：想象地图上犯罪地点聚集，重心区域指向罪犯基地——用指南针记住“地理画像”。

Remember ‘organised’ with a tidy desk, ‘disorganised’ with a messy room to aid recall of crime scene characteristics.

用整洁办公桌记“有组织型”，用凌乱房间记“无组织型”，帮助回忆犯罪现场特征。

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5. Token Economy & Anger Management | 代币经济与愤怒管理

Token economy: based on operant conditioning, tokens (secondary reinforcers) exchange for primary reinforcers (privileges). Visualise a prison’s ‘token shop’ where inmates earn plastic chips for desired items. Key terms: ‘primary reinforcer’ – something naturally rewarding like a snack; ‘secondary reinforcer’ – a token that gains value through association.

代币经济：基于操作性条件作用，代币（次级强化物）可兑换初级强化物（特权）。想象监狱里的“代币商店”，囚犯赚取塑料币换物品。关键词：“初级强化物”——天生具有奖励作用的东西如零食；“次级强化物”——通过联结获得价值的代币。

Anger management is a CBT-based programme: three stages – cognitive preparation (identify triggers), skill acquisition (relaxation techniques), application practice (role-play). Use the acronym ‘CSA’ (Cognitive, Skills, Application) – think of a ‘CSA’ agent managing anger.

愤怒管理是基于认知行为疗法的项目：三个阶段——认知预备（识别触发点），技能习得（放松技术），应用练习（角色扮演）。用首字母缩略词“CSA”记忆——想象一名 CSA 特工在管理愤怒。

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6. Child Psychology: Attachment Theories | 儿童心理学：依恋理论

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation identifies secure (66%), insecure-avoidant (20%), insecure-resistant (12%) attachments. Picture a ‘secure’ baby as a safe with a lock, ‘avoidant’ baby turning away, ‘resistant’ baby clinging and angry.

安斯沃思的陌生情境法鉴定出安全型（66%）、

Published by TutorHao | Year 13 Psychology Revision Series | aleveler.com

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