AS AQA Music: Quick Vocabulary Terminology Memorisation Guide | AS AQA 音乐：词汇术语速记指南

📚 AS AQA Music: Quick Vocabulary Terminology Memorisation Guide | AS AQA 音乐：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering the specific terminology for AS AQA Music is essential for both the listening analysis and the written examination. This guide provides a structured, quick-reference compilation of key terms organised by musical element, helping you memorise definitions and apply them accurately to set works from Baroque solo concerto, Mozart opera, and Romantic piano music.

掌握 AS AQA 音乐的专业术语对于听力分析和书面考试至关重要。本指南按音乐元素分类，提供结构化的速查汇编，帮助你记忆定义并准确应用于巴洛克独奏协奏曲、莫扎特歌剧和浪漫主义钢琴音乐的指定作品。

1. Tempo Markings | 速度标记

Tempo indicates the speed of the music and is often given in Italian terms. Changes in tempo can signal structural divisions, expressive shifts, or dramatic effects in the set works.

速度表示音乐的快慢，常用意大利语标记。速度的变化可以提示结构分界、表现力的转换或戏剧性效果。

Largo – very slow and broad. In Baroque slow movements, largo creates a solemn, majestic atmosphere, as heard in the central Largo of Vivaldi’s ‘Winter’.

广板 – 非常缓慢而宽广。在巴洛克慢乐章中，广板营造出庄严雄伟的氛围，如在维瓦尔第《冬》的中间广板中听到的。

Adagio – slow and stately. Often used for lyrical, expressive passages; in Mozart’s operas, an adagio aria can convey deep emotion.

柔板 – 缓慢而庄重。常用于抒情、富于表现力的段落；在莫扎特歌剧中，柔板咏叹调能传达深沉的情感。

Andante – at a walking pace. This relaxed tempo underpins graceful melodies, frequently found in the second movements of Romantic piano pieces.

行板 – 以步行的速度。这种放松的速度支撑着优雅的旋律，常见于浪漫主义钢琴作品第二乐章。

Allegro – fast and lively. The typical tempo for a Baroque concerto first movement, often providing the energetic ritornello theme.

快板 – 快速而活泼。巴洛克协奏曲第一乐章的典型速度，通常提供充满活力的利都奈罗主题。

Vivace – very lively, faster than allegro. Used to inject brilliance and excitement, as in some Mozart overtures.

活泼的快板 – 非常活泼，比快板更快。用于注入光彩与兴奋感，如在一些莫扎特序曲中。

Presto – extremely fast. Vivaldi often uses presto for thrilling finales, such as the finale of ‘Summer’ from The Four Seasons.

急板 – 极快。维瓦尔第常将急板用于激动人心的终曲，如《四季·夏》的终曲。

Accelerando – gradually getting faster. Creates a sense of mounting tension, common in Romantic piano works towards a climax.

渐快 – 逐渐加快。营造渐强的紧张感，常见于浪漫主义钢琴作品推向高潮的段落。

Rallentando / Ritardando – gradually getting slower. Often used at cadence points or to close a section with a sense of relaxation.

渐慢 – 逐渐变慢。常用于终止式处或段落结尾，带来放松感。

Rubato – expressive flexibility of tempo, literally ‘robbed time’. Essential in Romantic piano music; Chopin’s nocturnes rely on rubato for expressive phrasing.

伸缩节拍 – 速度上的表现性弹性，字面意为“被偷走的时间”。在浪漫主义钢琴音乐中至关重要；肖邦的夜曲依赖 rubato 实现富有表情的乐句。

A tempo – return to the original speed after a tempo change. Helps restore the opening character after a contrasting section.

回原速 – 在速度变化后回到原速。有助于在对比段落之后恢复开头的性格。

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2. Dynamics and Articulation | 力度与演奏法

Dynamics indicate volume, while articulation defines how individual notes are executed. Both are central to shaping character and expression across all set works.

力度指示音量，而演奏法定义单个音符如何被奏出。两者对塑造性格和表现力至关重要，贯穿所有指定作品。

pp (pianissimo) – very quiet. Used for intimacy or mystery; in Baroque pieces, extreme dynamic contrast was rare, but terraced dynamics created sudden shifts between soft and loud.

很弱 – 非常安静。用于亲密或神秘感；巴洛克作品中极端力度对比少见，但阶梯式力度会在弱与强之间突然转换。

p (piano) – quiet. In Mozart’s operas, a piano marking often signifies tenderness or secrecy.

弱 – 安静。在莫扎特歌剧中，piano 标记常代表温柔或隐秘。

f (forte) – loud. Frequently associated with tutti sections in a Baroque concerto grosso.

强 – 响亮。常与巴洛克大协奏曲的全奏段相关联。

crescendo (cresc.) – gradually becoming louder. A hallmark of Romantic expression, used to build emotional intensity in piano works.

渐强 – 逐渐增强。浪漫主义表现的标志，用于在钢琴作品中建立情感张力。

diminuendo (dim.) – gradually becoming softer. Often follows a climax or signals a gentle close, as at the end of a Chopin nocturne.

渐弱 – 逐渐变轻。通常跟随高潮或预示轻柔的结束，如肖邦夜曲的结尾。

sforzando (sfz) – a sudden, strong accent on a single note or chord. Adds dramatic punctuation; Beethoven and Romantic composers exploited this effect heavily.

突强 – 对单个音符或和弦突然施加的重音。增加戏剧性标点；贝多芬和浪漫主义作曲家大量使用这一效果。

legato – smooth and connected. In vocal lines and instrumental melodies, legato creates a flowing, singing quality.

连奏 – 平滑而连贯。在声乐线条和器乐旋律中，连奏产生流动的歌唱性。

staccato – short and detached. Gives a light, crisp character; often found in the sparkling accompaniments of Mozart’s comic operas.

断奏 – 短促而分离。赋予轻盈、清脆的性格；常见于莫扎特喜歌剧的活泼伴奏中。

accent – emphasis on a note, indicated by a mark above or below the note. Reinforces rhythmic drive or melodic peaks.

重音 – 对音符的强调，用音符上方或下方的标记表示。强化节奏驱动力或旋律高点。

tenuto – hold the note for its full value, sometimes with a slight stress. Ensures melodic notes are fully sustained.

保持音 – 使音符奏满时值，有时带轻微强调。确保旋律音完全持续。

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3. Melody and Ornamentation | 旋律与装饰音

Melodic shape and decorative embellishments are key to defining style period and character. Baroque and Classical music use specific ornaments, while Romantic melodies often feature extensive chromaticism and embellishments.

旋律轮廓和装饰音是界定风格时期和性格的关键。巴洛克和古典音乐使用特定的装饰音，而浪漫主义旋律往往以丰富的半音化和装饰为特点。

Conjunct – stepwise melodic motion. Creates smooth, singable lines; frequent in Mozart’s arias.

级进 – 级进的旋律运动。产生平滑、可唱的线条；常见于莫扎特咏叹调。

Disjunct – melodic motion by leaps. Adds drama and angularity; often used in Baroque instrumental figuration.

跳进 – 跳跃的旋律运动。增添戏剧性和棱角感；常用于巴洛克器乐的音型。

Triadic / Arpeggiated – melody built from the notes of a triad, outlining the harmony. Common in Classical fanfares and Romantic piano textures.

三和弦式/琶音式 – 由三和弦的音构成的旋律，勾勒和声。常见于古典的号角花彩和浪漫主义钢琴织体。

Sequence – repetition of a melodic phrase at a higher or lower pitch. Developing sequences drive tension forward, especially in Bach’s contrapuntal works.

模进 – 旋律短句在更高或更低的音高上重复。发展的模进推动张力，尤其在巴赫对位作品中。

Appoggiatura – a non-chord note that leans on the main note, taking some of its time. Expressive dissonance; used in Mozart’s vocal lines for emotional weight.

倚音 – 一个和弦外音，倚靠在本音上，占用其时值的一部分。表现性的不协和音；用于莫扎特声乐线条增强情感重量。

Acciaccatura – a crushed note, played very briefly before the main note. Adds a sharp snap to the melody.

碎音（短倚音） – 一个挤碎的音符，在本音之前极短地奏出。给旋律添加尖锐的花彩。

Trill – rapid alternation between two adjacent notes. Trills decorate cadences and sustain long notes; abundant in Baroque violin solos.

颤音 – 两个相邻音符之间的快速交替。装饰终止式或延持长音；

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