GCSE AQA Statistics: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Reference Guide | GCSE AQA 统计：词汇术语速记指南

📚 GCSE AQA Statistics: Vocabulary & Terminology Quick Reference Guide | GCSE AQA 统计：词汇术语速记指南

Mastering the vocabulary of statistics is essential for GCSE AQA Statistics. This guide provides a quick reference to key terms and their meanings, helping you memorise concepts efficiently for examinations.

掌握统计学术语对于 GCSE AQA 统计考试至关重要。本指南提供关键术语及其含义的快速参考，帮助你高效记忆概念，备战考试。

1. Data Types and Collection | 数据类型与收集

Qualitative Data: Non-numerical data that describes qualities, such as colour or type. Also called categorical data.

定性数据：描述性质的非数值数据，如颜色或种类，也称为分类数据。

Quantitative Data: Numerical data that can be measured or counted.

定量数据：可以测量或计数的数值数据。

Discrete Data: Quantitative data that can only take specific values, often whole numbers (e.g., number of students).

离散数据：只能取特定值（通常是整数）的定量数据，例如学生人数。

Continuous Data: Quantitative data that can take any value within a range (e.g., height, time).

连续数据：在一个范围内可以取任意值的定量数据，例如身高、时间。

Primary Data: Data collected by the researcher first-hand for a specific purpose.

一手数据：研究者为特定目的亲自收集的数据。

Secondary Data: Data that has been previously collected by someone else for another purpose.

二手数据：由他人之前为其他目的收集的数据。

Population: The entire group of individuals or items of interest.

总体：感兴趣的所有个体或项目的整个组。

Sample: A subset of the population selected for study.

样本：从总体中选出用于研究的子集。

Census: A survey that collects data from every member of the population.

普查：从总体的每个成员收集数据的调查。

Raw Data: Data that has not been processed or organised.

原始数据：未经处理或整理的数据。

2. Sampling Techniques | 抽样技术

Simple Random Sampling: Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

简单随机抽样：总体每个成员被选中的机会均等。

Stratified Sampling: Population divided into groups (strata) and a random sample is taken from each in proportion to its size.

分层抽样：将总体分成层，并按比例从每一层随机抽取样本。

Systematic Sampling: Selecting every kth item from a list after a random start.

系统抽样：随机起点后，每隔固定间隔 k 从列表中选取一个项目。

Quota Sampling: Interviewer selects a fixed number of people with specific characteristics, not random.

配额抽样：

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