📚 GCSE CAIE Engineering Vocabulary Terminology Memorisation Guide | GCSE CAIE 工程词汇术语速记指南
Mastering key engineering terms is essential for success in the CAIE GCSE Engineering exam. This guide presents must-know vocabulary grouped by topic, each paired with a memorable technique—whether a mnemonic, a word root, or a vivid analogy—to help you recall definitions quickly and accurately.
掌握关键工程术语是 CAIE GCSE 工程考试成功的关键。本指南按主题汇总必学词汇，每个术语配有易记技巧——无论是助记词、词根拆解还是生动类比——助你快速准确地回忆定义。
1. Materials and Their Properties | 材料及其性能
Ductility – the ability of a material to be drawn into a wire. Link it to ‘duct’ like a pipeline that stretches, so ductile materials can be stretched thin without breaking.
延展性 —— 材料被拉成丝的能力。联想到 “duct”（管道），像管道一样可以拉伸，延性材料可以拉长而不断裂。
Hardness – resistance to indentation or scratching. Think of a hard-boiled egg shell: it resists being dented. Hard materials like diamond are difficult to mark.
硬度 —— 抵抗压痕或划痕的能力。想象煮熟鸡蛋的外壳，很难按出凹痕。像金刚石这样的硬材料不易留下印记。
Toughness – ability to absorb energy and deform without fracturing. Imagine a tough superhero absorbing blows; tough materials like rubber bend and stretch but don’t snap easily.
韧性 —— 吸收能量并变形而不断裂的能力。想象一位坚韧的超级英雄承受打击而不倒下；韧性材料（如橡胶）弯而不断，能吸收冲击。
Elasticity – the property of returning to original shape after load removal. Rub an elastic band and it springs back, just as an elastic material recovers its shape.
弹性 —— 去除载荷后恢复原始形状的特性。拉扯橡皮筋，它快速弹回；弹性材料也会恢复原形。
2. Manufacturing Processes | 制造工艺
Casting – pouring molten metal into a mould. The shape is ‘cast’ in stone, or here in sand or metal moulds. The initial letters C-A-S-T remind us: Cavity And Solidified metal Take shape.
铸造 —— 将熔融金属浇入模具。形状被“铸”定，就像铸在石头里一样。首字母 C-A-S-T 助记：空腔 (Cavity) 和凝固金属 (Solidified metal) 成形。
Forging – shaping metal using compressive force, often while hot. Think of a blacksmith forging a sword with hammer blows—force and heat reshape the metal without melting it.
锻造 —— 使用压力给金属塑形，常加热进行。想象铁匠挥舞锤子锻造宝剑；力和热量重塑金属而不使其熔化。
Extrusion – squeezing material through a die to create a long profile. From Latin ex- ‘out’ + trudere ‘to push’—pushing toothpaste out of a tube is an everyday extrusion.
挤压 —— 将材料推过一个模具以形成长形截面。源自拉丁语 ex-（出）+ trudere（推）——像挤牙膏一样从管口推出，就是日常的挤压。
Welding – joining materials (often metals) by melting the interface. Weld rhymes with ‘meld’, meaning to blend; the molten edges blend together to form a single piece.
焊接 —— 通过熔化结合面来连接材料（通常为金属）。Weld 与 “meld”（混合）押韵；熔化的边缘混合成一体。
3. Forces, Stress and Strain | 力、应力与应变
Tension – a pulling force that stretches an object. Imagine pulling a rope in a game of tug-of-war. The rope experiences tension. Tension = ‘tensile’ stretch.
张力 —— 一种拉伸物体的拉力。想象拔河比赛中拉住绳子；绳子承受张力。Tension 与 “tensile”（拉伸的）同源。
Compression – a pushing force that shortens or squashes. When you press a spring, it’s in compression. Picture a ‘compress’ like a squeeze pack being crushed.
压力 —— 一种使物体缩短或压扁的推力。按压弹簧时，弹簧受压力。想象一包零食被压扁，类似压缩。
Shear – a force acting parallel to a surface, like scissors cutting paper. The blades slide across each other—paper suffers shear failure. Shears cut by sliding, not pulling.
剪切力 —— 平行于表面的力，就像剪刀剪纸。刀刃相互滑过，纸发生剪切破坏。剪刀依靠滑动而不是拉扯来切割。
Torsion – twisting force along a longitudinal axis. Wringing a damp cloth applies torsion. The word sounds like ‘torque’, which is the rotational effect of a force.
扭转力 —— 沿纵轴施加的扭力。拧干湿抹布就是施加扭转。Torsion 听起来像 “torque”（扭矩），即力的旋转效应。
4. Levers, Linkages and Mechanisms | 杠杆、连杆与机构
Lever – a rigid bar pivoting on a fulcrum to amplify force. Remember ‘FLE’ order: Fulcrum, Load, Effort. A seesaw is a classic lever with the fulcrum in the middle.
杠杆 —— 一根在支点上转动的刚性杆，用于放大作用力。记住“FLE”顺序：支点 (Fulcrum)、负载 (Load)、施力 (Effort)。跷跷板是支点在中间的经典杠杆。
Fulcrum – the pivot point of a lever. ‘Fulcrum’ shares the root of ‘fulminate’, but easier: think of the FULcrum as the FULl support that carries the load.
支点 —— 杠杆的转动点。Fulcrum 可联想 “full crumb”——支点支撑着全部重量，像面包屑堆在一点。
Linkage – a system of rods connected to transmit motion or force. Visualize links of a bicycle chain; each link moves the next. Linkage = linked stages.
连杆机构 —— 由杆件连接而成的系统，用于传递运动或力。想象自行车链条的一节节链环；每个链节带动下一个。Linkage 就是连接的阶段。
Gear ratio – the ratio of teeth on driven gear to driver gear. A small gear driving a large one gives low speed, high torque. Ratio = driver teeth ÷ driven teeth. ‘Gear up’ for speed, ‘gear down’ for power.
齿轮比 —— 从动轮齿数与主动轮齿数的比值。小齿轮带动大齿轮可获得低速大扭矩。齿轮比 = 主动齿数 ÷ 从动齿数。“升速”齿轮比小，“省力”齿轮比大。
5. Electricity and Electronic Components | 电气与电子元件
Resistor – a component that limits current flow. Its symbol is a zigzag line, like a restriction in a pipe. Think of it as a ‘resist’ button that slows electrons.
电阻器 —— 限制电流流动的元件。其符号为锯齿线，如同管道中的缩径。可将它想象为一个“抵抗”按钮，减缓电子流动。
Capacitor – stores electrical charge temporarily. It has two plates separated by a dielectric. ‘Cap’ as in a bottle cap holds liquid; a capacitor holds charge.
电容器 —— 暂时储存电荷。由两片极板和介质隔开构成。Cap 像瓶盖一样封住东西；电容器则“封存”电荷。
Transistor – a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch signals. Trans + resistor: it transforms resistance. Think of a transistor as a tiny electronic tap that controls current.
晶体管 —— 用于放大或开关信号的半导体器件。Trans-（转变） + resistor（电阻）：它转变电阻。想象晶体管如同一个微型电子水龙头，控制电流通断。
Diode – allows current in one direction only. Di- means two, -ode like electrode; diode has two electrodes. Visualize a one-way valve or an arrow in the symbol pointing permitted flow.
二极管 —— 只允许单向导电。Di-（两个） + -ode（电极）：二极管有两个电极。想象一个单向阀，或者符号中箭头指向允许流动的方向。
6. Systems and Control | 系统与控制
Input – the signal or energy entering a system, e.g. a sensor detecting light. Think of the ‘in’ door of a system: information comes in through inputs like a microphone.
输入 —— 进入系统的信号或能量，如传感器检测光线。想象系统的“入口”：信息通过输入端进入，如同麦克风收录声音。
Process – the transformation block of a system that acts on the input. The processor is the brain. P-R-O: Perform, React, Output – it acts on what it receives.
处理 —— 对输入进行变换的系统模块。处理器是大脑。P-R-O：执行 (Perform)、反应 (React)、输出 (Output)——对所接收的信息进行处理。
Output – the result produced by the system, e.g. motor turning, lamp lighting. Output is what the system ‘puts out’. Link output to an outcome you can see or measure.
输出 —— 系统产生的结果，如电机转动、灯泡发光。Output 就是系统“放出”的东西。把输出与可见或可测量的结果联系在一起。
Feedback – returning part of the output signal to the input to control the system. In a heating system, a thermostat provides feedback by switching off when warm. Feed-back: bringing information back to adjust.
反馈 —— 将部分输出信号送回输入端以控制系统。供暖系统中，温控器提供反馈：温度达到后即关闭。Feed-back：把信息“喂回”来调整。
7. Structures and Stability | 结构与稳定性
Beam – a horizontal structural member that resists bending. A simple beam is like a bridge plank spanning between supports. Beam sounds like ‘balance’ – it balances loads across a gap.
梁 —— 承受弯曲的水平结构构件。简支梁就像横跨支座的桥板。Beam 语音近似“平衡”：它平衡跨距间的载荷。
Column – a vertical member that resists compression. A pillar is a column. Remember that a column ‘comes up’ just as a newspaper column runs vertically on the page.
柱 —— 承受压力的竖向构件。柱子就是 column。报纸上的专栏 (column) 竖向排版，柱子同样竖直承载。
Truss – a framework of triangles to distribute loads efficiently. Truss rhymes with ‘plus’, and triangle trusses plus strength without adding weight. Triangles are the key shape for rigidity.
桁架 —— 由三角形组成的框架，有效分配载荷。Truss 与 “trust”（信任）同音，而三角形桁架值得信赖，以轻自重提供高强度。三角形是刚性关键。
Strut – a slender member designed to resist compression, often in a framework. A strut is like a strong straw resisting being squashed. Think of a shock absorber strut in a car.
压杆 —— 设计用于抗压的细长构件，常见于框架中。压杆就像一根不易压扁的强力吸管。联想汽车减震器中的支杆。
8. Energy and Power | 能量与功率
Kinetic energy (KE) – energy of motion. Calculated as ½ × mass × velocity². ‘Kinetic’ comes from Greek kinesis, movement. A moving car has kinetic energy; faster is more.
动能 (KE) —— 运动具有的能量。计算公式为 ½ × 质量 × 速度²。Kinetic 源自希腊语“运动”。行驶的汽车具有动能，速度越快能量越大。
Potential energy (PE) – stored energy due to position, e.g. gravitational potential = m × g × h. ‘Potential’ means it has the potential to become kinetic. A ball held high has potential.
势能 (PE) —— 因位置而储存的能量，如重力势能 = m × g × h。Potential 意思是“有潜力变成”动能。高处的球具有势能。
Power – rate of doing work or transferring energy, measured in watts (J/s). Power = work done ÷ time. A powerful engine does the same work in less time. Think of a sprinter: high power, quick burst.
功率 —— 做功或传递能量的速率，单位为瓦特 (J/s)。功率 = 做功 ÷ 时间。大功率引擎能用更短时间完成相同工作。短跑运动员爆发力强，功率高。
Efficiency – ratio of useful output energy to total input energy, often expressed as a percentage. Efficiency = (useful output ÷ input) × 100%. A perfect machine would be 100% efficient, but friction steals some.
效率 —— 有用输出能与总输入能之比，常用百分比表示。效率 = (有用输出 ÷ 输入) × 100%。理想机器效率可达100%，但摩擦会消耗部分能量。
9. Design and Communication | 设计与沟通
Specification – a detailed description of what a product must do and its requirements. It is the ‘specs’ for a design. Think of a recipe: a specification lists all ingredients and steps clearly.
规格说明 —— 详细描述产品须达成的功能和要求。它就是设计的“规格书”。想象食谱：规格说明清晰列出所有材料和步骤。
Prototype – a first working model to test ideas. Proto means first, type means model. Before mass production, you build a prototype to find flaws. It’s a ‘try-out’ version.
原型 —— 用于测试想法的首版工作模型。Proto（最初） + type（模型）。在批量生产前，用原型发现缺陷。它就是“试用版”。
CAD (Computer-Aided Design) – using software to create precision 2D or 3D models. C-A-D: Computer Assists Drawing. It allows rapid changes and realistic simulations without physical mock-ups.
CAD（计算机辅助设计）—— 使用软件创建精确二维或三维模型。C-A-D：计算机辅助绘图。它支持快速修改和逼真模拟，无需实体模型。
Orthographic drawing – a clear way of representing a 3D object in 2D views (front, side, top). Ortho- means ‘correct’ and -graph means ‘drawing’. Layout views in correct arrangement: plan, front, end elevation.
正投影图 —— 用二维视图（前视、侧视、俯视）清晰表达三维物体的方法。Ortho-（正确）+ -graph（图）。将平面、前视图、端视图按正确位置排列。
10. Health, Safety and Quality | 健康、安全与质量
Risk assessment – identifying hazards and evaluating the likelihood and severity of harm. Think of the 5 steps: Identify, Decide, Evaluate, Record, Review. ‘RADER’ if we use key letters: Record And Decide Evaluate Risk.
风险评估 —— 识别危险源并评估伤害的可能性和严重程度。牢记五步：识别、决定、评估、记录、复核。用首字母编成 “RADER” 帮助记忆。
PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) – gear worn to minimize exposure to hazards, e.g. goggles, gloves. P-P-E: Protect Person Everyday. Always wear the appropriate PPE for the task.
PPE（个人防护装备）—— 为减少危害暴露而穿戴的装备，如护目镜、手套。P-P-E：日常防护人身。任何作业都应穿戴合适的PPE。
COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) – regulations for handling dangerous chemicals. Pronounce it ‘cosh’ to remember it’s about controlling hazardous substances like a cosh club controls a situation.
COSHH（有害健康物质控制）—— 处理危险化学品的法规。发音类似 “cosh”（短棒），联想起控制危险物质如同用短棒掌控局面。
Tolerance – the allowable deviation from a specified dimension. In manufacturing, a part must be within ±0.1 mm of the target. Think of ‘tolerate’ a tiny difference, but not too much.
公差 —— 对规定尺寸的允许偏差。生产中，零件尺寸须在目标值 ±0.1 毫米内。想象“容忍”微小的差异，但不能太多。
Published by TutorHao | Engineering Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导