A-Level OCR Sociology: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Handbook | A-Level OCR 社会学：公式定理速查手册

📚 A-Level OCR Sociology: Formula & Theorem Quick Reference Handbook | A-Level OCR 社会学：公式定理速查手册

In A-Level OCR Sociology, quantitative research methods require familiarity with key statistical formulas and demographic rates. This quick reference handbook compiles essential formulas, theorems, and calculation steps needed for exam questions and data interpretation.

在 A-Level OCR 社会学中，定量研究方法需要熟悉关键的统计公式和人口统计比率。本速查手册汇总了考试题目和数据分析所需的基本公式、定理和计算步骤。

1. Mean (Average) | 均值（平均数）

The arithmetic mean is the most common measure of central tendency. Formula: Mean = Σx ÷ n, where Σx is the sum of all values and n is the number of values. It is used with interval/ratio data.

算术平均数是使用最广泛的集中趋势度量。公式为 均值 = Σx ÷ n，其中 Σx 是所有数值之和，n 是数值个数。它适用于区间/比率数据。

One limitation is that the mean can be heavily influenced by outliers, making it less representative of skewed distributions.

其局限性在于均值可能受极端值严重影响，从而在偏态分布中缺乏代表性。

When answering research methods questions, always consider whether the mean is appropriate for the data level; using it for nominal data is meaningless.

在回答研究方法题目时，务必考虑均值是否适用于该数据层次；用于名义数据则毫无意义。

2. Median | 中位数

The median is the middle value in an ordered dataset. If n is odd, median = value at position (n+1)÷2; if n is even, median = average of the two middle values.

中位数是有序数据集中居中的数值。如果 n 为奇数，中位数 = 第 (n+1)÷2 个数值；如果 n 为偶数，则为中间两个数值的平均数。

The median is not affected by extreme values and is preferred for ordinal or skewed interval data.

中位数不受极端值的影响，更适合顺序数据或偏态的区间数据。

The median is often reported alongside the IQR in box plots to provide a clear picture of central tendency and spread.

中位数常与四分位距一起在箱线图中报告，

Published by TutorHao | A-Level 社会学 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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