IB & CIE Physics: Mastering Mechanics – Motion, Forces, Energy and Momentum | IB与CIE物理：掌握力学——运动、力、能量和动量

📚 IB & CIE Physics: Mastering Mechanics – Motion, Forces, Energy and Momentum | IB与CIE物理：掌握力学——运动、力、能量和动量

Mechanics is the foundation of both IB Physics and CIE Physics courses. Whether you are preparing for IB Standard Level, Higher Level, or CIE AS/A Level exams, a strong grasp of motion, forces, energy and momentum is essential for solving problems and scoring well on Paper 1, Paper 2, or practical assessments. This article integrates the core syllabus points from both boards, highlights key equations, and gives you exam-focused strategies.

力学是 IB 物理和 CIE 物理课程的基础。无论你准备 IB 标准级别、高级别，还是 CIE AS/A Level 考试，扎实掌握运动、力、能量和动量对于解题和在试卷一、试卷二或实验评估中取得高分都至关重要。本文整合两大考试局的核心大纲要点，突出关键公式，并提供以考试为导向的备考策略。

1. Scalar and Vector Quantities | 标量与矢量

In both IB and CIE physics, physical quantities are classified as scalars or vectors. Scalars have magnitude only, while vectors have both magnitude and direction.

在 IB 和 CIE 物理中，物理量分为标量和矢量。标量只有大小，而矢量既有大小又有方向。

Examples of scalar quantities include distance, speed, mass, energy and time. Vector quantities include displacement, velocity, acceleration, force and momentum.

标量的例子包括路程、速率、质量、能量和时间。矢量的例子包括位移、速度、加速度、力和动量。

Vector components are found using F cos θ and F sin θ, where θ is the angle between the vector and a chosen axis.

矢量分量可用 F cos θ 和 F sin θ 求得，其中 θ 是矢量与选定坐标轴之间的夹角。

Fₓ = F cos θ, Fᵧ = F sin θ

2. Kinematic Equations and Motion Graphs | 运动学方程与运动图像

For uniformly accelerated motion, both boards use the same SUVAT equations. These equations only apply when acceleration is constant.

对于匀加速运动，两大考试局使用相同的 SUVAT 方程。这些方程仅在加速度恒定时适用。

v = u + at
s = ut + ½at²
v² = u² + 2as
s = ½(u + v)t

In a displacement-time graph, the gradient gives velocity. In a velocity-time graph, the gradient gives acceleration and the area under the graph gives displacement.

在位移-时间图像中，斜率表示速度。在速度-时间图像中，斜率表示加速度，图线下的面积表示位移。

Remember to convert units to SI before substituting values, especially km/h to m/s.

代入数值前记得将单位转换为国际单位制，特别是将 km

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