System Software | 系统软件

📚 System Software | 系统软件

In Cambridge IGCSE Physical Education and sports technology, understanding the hidden layer of software that controls digital devices is essential. System software is the foundation that lets fitness trackers, performance-analysis programs, and wearable sensors operate reliably, allowing athletes and coaches to focus on training rather than troubleshooting.

在剑桥 IGCSE 体育与运动科技中，理解控制数字设备的底层软件非常重要。系统软件是让健身追踪器、运动表现分析程序和可穿戴传感器可靠运行的基础，使运动员和教练能够专注于训练而不是排除故障。

1. What Is System Software? | 什么是系统软件？

System software is the collection of programs that manage a computer’s hardware and provide a platform for application software. In sports technology, this includes the operating system inside a smartwatch, the firmware in a GPS tracker, and the utilities that maintain a laptop used for video analysis.

系统软件是管理计算机硬件并为应用软件提供平台的程序集合。在体育科技中，这包括智能手表内部的操作系统、GPS 追踪器中的固件，以及用于维护视频分析笔记本电脑的实用程序。

Unlike application software such as a fitness app or a match-analysis tool, system software runs in the background and is not normally changed by the end user. Its main functions are resource management, memory allocation, file handling, security, and communication between hardware devices.

与健身应用或比赛分析工具等应用软件不同，系统软件在后台运行，终端用户通常不会修改它。其主要功能包括资源管理、内存分配、文件处理、安全性以及硬件设备之间的通信。

2. Operating Systems: The Core Manager | 操作系统：核心管理者

The operating system (OS) is the most important type of system software. It controls all hardware components, manages running programs, and provides user interfaces. In a sports laboratory, the OS on a desktop computer coordinates the treadmill, heart-rate monitor, and motion-capture cameras during a VO₂ max test.

操作系统是最重要的系统软件类型。它控制所有硬件组件、管理正在运行的程序并提供用户界面。在运动实验室中，台式计算机的操作系统在最大摄氧量测试期间协调跑步机、心率监测器和动作捕捉摄像机。

The OS also handles multitasking, so a coach can stream match footage, run statistical software, and record GPS data at the same time. It allocates CPU time, memory space, and input/output operations to each task fairly and efficiently.

操作系统还负责多任务处理，因此教练可以同时播放比赛录像、运行统计软件并记录 GPS 数据。它为每个任务公平、高效地分配 CPU 时间、内存空间和输入/输出操作。

3. Utility Software: Maintenance and Optimisation | 实用软件：维护与优化

Utility software is system software designed to analyse, configure, optimise, or maintain a computer. Common utilities include disk defragmenters, backup tools, encryption programs, and file compressors. A performance analyst may use a backup utility to protect match video files before a tournament.

实用软件是用于分析、配置、优化或维护计算机的系统软件。常见的实用程序包括磁盘碎片整理程序、备份工具、加密程序和文件压缩器。运动表现分析师可能会在比赛前使用备份工具保护比赛视频文件。

Utility software keeps storage devices healthy and data secure. Without these tools, repeated recording of training sessions could lead to fragmented files, slower video editing, and a higher risk of data loss on a laptop.

实用软件可保持存储设备健康和数据安全。如果没有这些工具，反复记录训练课程可能会导致文件碎片化、视频编辑速度变慢，以及笔记本电脑数据丢失风险增大。

4. Device Drivers: Bridging Hardware and Software | 设备驱动程序：连接硬件与软件

A device driver is a small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific hardware device. In sport, drivers allow a laptop to recognise a USB heart-rate strap, a force plate, or a high-speed camera.

设备驱动程序是一个小程序，它告诉操作系统如何与特定硬件设备通信。在体育领域，驱动程序使笔记本电脑能够识别 USB 心率带、测力台或高速摄像机。

When new hardware is connected, the OS searches for a compatible driver. If the correct driver is missing or outdated, the device may not work properly, which could interrupt a biomechanics session or delay live data collection during training.

当连接新硬件时，操作系统会搜索兼容的驱动程序。如果正确的驱动程序缺失或过时，设备可能无法正常工作，这可能会中断生物力学分析或延迟训练期间的实时数据采集。

5. Firmware and Embedded Systems | 固件与嵌入式系统

Firmware is permanent software stored in read-only memory (ROM) that controls low-level functions of a device. Many sports devices, such as stopwatches, cycling computers, and smart shoes, use firmware inside embedded systems.

固件是存储在只读存储器中的永久软件，用于控制设备的低级功能。许多体育设备，例如秒表、骑行电脑和智能鞋，都在嵌入式系统中使用固件。

An embedded system is a computer built into a larger device for a dedicated function. A GPS running watch has an embedded system with firmware that reads satellite signals, updates the display, and records split times without a full operating system.

嵌入式系统是嵌入到较大设备中用于专用功能的计算机。GPS 跑步手表包含一个带有固件的嵌入式系统，可以读取卫星信号、更新显示并记录分段成绩，而无需完整的操作系统。

6. Interrupt Handling and Multitasking | 中断处理与多任务

System software uses interrupts to respond to hardware events quickly. When an athlete presses a button on a performance monitor, the button sends an interrupt signal; the operating

Published by TutorHao | 体育 Revision Series | aleveler.com

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