The Functions and Purposes of Translators | 翻译人员的功能与目的

📚 The Functions and Purposes of Translators | 翻译人员的功能与目的

In international sport and physical education, a translator is a professional who converts spoken, written or signed communication from one language into another while preserving meaning, register and tone. Translators work in competition management, coaching, sports medicine, athlete representation, media and international governing bodies. Their core function is to remove language barriers so that athletes, coaches, officials and support staff can perform safely, fairly and effectively.

在国际体育与体育教育中，翻译人员是负责将口语、书面或手语信息从一种语言转换成另一种语言，同时保留意义、语体和语气的专业人员。翻译人员服务于竞赛管理、教练指导、运动医学、运动员代理、媒体以及国际管理组织。其核心功能是消除语言障碍，使运动员、教练员、裁判员和辅助人员能够安全、公平、有效地完成工作。

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1. Defining Translators in Sport | 体育领域翻译人员的定义

In Cambridge Physical Education, the term ‘translator’ refers to a language professional who works in sport settings, not to be confused with a coach or fitness trainer. Translators may be simultaneous interpreters at press conferences, written translators for policy documents, or community translators for grassroots projects. Their purpose is to ensure that all participants have equal access to information, regardless of their first language.

在剑桥体育课程中，’翻译人员’一词指的是在体育环境中工作的语言专业人员，不应与教练或体能训练师混淆。翻译人员可以是新闻发布会上的同声传译员、政策文件的笔译员，或基层项目的社区翻译。其目的是确保所有参与者无论母语为何，都能平等获取信息。

Type | 类型	Function | 功能	Example in Sport | 体育实例
Simultaneous interpreter | 同声传译员	Converts speech in real time | 实时转换口语	Post-match press conference | 赛后新闻发布会
Written translator | 笔译员	Converts documents accurately | 准确转换文件	Anti-doping regulations | 反兴奋剂条例
Community translator | 社区翻译	Supports local inclusion | 支持地方包容	Grassroots coaching sessions | 基层教练课程

These roles overlap in practice, but each requires sport-specific knowledge. A translator who does not understand offside, a false start or a therapeutic use exemption can create more confusion than clarity. The purpose of defining translators is to recognise their professional responsibility within sport science and sport management.

这些角色在实践中有所重叠，但每一种都需要体育专业知识。一个不懂越位、抢跑或治疗用药豁免的翻译人员可能会制造更多混乱，而不是清晰。定义翻译人员的目的，是为了确认他们在体育科学和体育管理中的专业责任。

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2. Communication in International Competition | 国际赛事中的沟通

Translators allow athletes, coaches and officials to follow rules, briefings and results without misunderstanding. At events such as the Olympic Games, official languages are interpreted simultaneously, so that a wrong call or a missed instruction does not affect performance. The purpose is functional clarity in high-pressure environments.

翻译人员使运动员、教练员和官员能够无误地理解规则、简报和比赛结果。在奥运会等赛事中，官方语言被同声传译，因此错判或遗漏指示不会影响运动表现。其目的是在高压环境下实现功能性清晰。

Key functions include translating referee instructions, technical meetings, doping control notifications and medal ceremony announcements. Without these services, non-native speakers may be disadvantaged and the integrity of competition may be questioned. Translators therefore protect fairness at the procedural level.

关键功能包括翻译裁判指令、技术会议、兴奋剂检查通知和颁奖仪式公告。没有这些服务，非母语者可能处于不利地位，赛事的公正性也可能受到质疑。因此，翻译人员在程序层面保障了公平。

• Referee and official briefings | 裁判与官员简报
• Start lists and results | 出发名单与比赛结果
• Protest and appeal procedures | 抗议与申诉程序
• Award ceremonies | 颁奖仪式

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3. Translation of Technical and Tactical Language | 技战术语言的翻译

Sport has its own technical vocabulary: pressing, cover defence, lactate threshold, periodisation, biomechanical translation and anaerobic capacity. A translator must know both the source and target sport cultures to avoid literal errors. For example, ‘offside trap’ needs contextual explanation rather than word-for-word conversion.

体育有其独特的专业词汇，如高压逼抢、协防、乳酸阈、周期化训练、生物力学位移和无氧能力等。翻译人员必须熟悉源语言和目标语言的体育文化，以避免字面错误。例如，’越位陷阱’需要结合语境进行解释，而不是逐字转换。

In coaching, a translator may convert a training session plan, a tactical whiteboard talk or a half-time message. The function is not simply linguistic; it is conceptual. The translator must preserve the coach’s intent, tone and urgency so that the athlete can execute the instruction correctly on the field.

在教练工作中，翻译人员可能需要转换训练课计划、战术白板讲解或中场休息信息。其功能不仅是语言上的，更是概念上的。翻译人员必须保留教练的意图、语气和紧迫性，以便运动员能够在场上正确执行指令。

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4. Medical and Anti-Doping Communication | 医疗与反兴奋剂沟通

Accurate translation in sports medicine can be life-saving. When an athlete describes pain, dizziness, an allergy or a cardiac symptom, the translator must convey exact symptoms to medical staff. Similarly, anti-doping procedures require precise translation of prohibited lists, therapeutic use exemptions and sample collection instructions, because a misunderstanding can lead to a false sanction.

运动医学中的准确翻译可能关乎生命安全。当运动员描述疼痛、头晕、过敏或心脏症状时，翻译人员必须将确切症状传达给医务人员。同样，反兴奋剂程序要求准确翻译禁用清单、治疗用药豁免和样本采集说明，因为误解可能导致误判处罚。

The purpose of medical translation is to support informed consent, correct diagnosis and safe treatment. In doping control, translators protect the athlete’s rights by ensuring that the athlete understands what is being tested, why and what the possible consequences are. Impartiality and confidentiality are essential in this context.

医疗翻译的目的是支持知情同意、正确诊断和安全治疗。在兴奋剂检查中，翻译人员通过确保运动员了解检测内容、原因及可能的后果来保护运动员的权利。在此背景下，公正性和保密性至关重要。

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5. Legal and Contractual Accuracy | 法律与合同准确性

Professional contracts, transfer agreements, sponsorship clauses and dispute resolutions depend on precise wording. A translator’s function is to ensure that the athlete understands every obligation and right before signing. The purpose is to protect minors, agents and clubs from unfair terms.

职业合同、转会协议、赞助条款和争议解决都依赖精确措辞。翻译人员的职责是确保运动员在签署前理解每一项义务和权利。其目的是保护未成年人、经纪人和俱乐部免受不公平条款的影响。

In legal settings, a translator may interpret at a Court of Arbitration for Sport hearing or translate a transfer document. One wrong word can change a liability or a release clause. Therefore, legal translators in sport must have knowledge of contract law, sports governance and the specific regulations of bodies such as FIFA, World Athletics or the IOC.

在法律环境中，翻译人员可能会在国际体育仲裁法庭听证会上进行口译，或翻译转会文件。一个错误的词可能改变责任条款或解约条款。因此，体育法律翻译人员必须了解合同法、体育治理以及国际足联、世界田联或国际奥委会等组织的具体规定。

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6. Media, Broadcasting and Public Relations | 媒体、转播与公共关系

Translators convey an athlete’s words to a global audience without distortion. They help in live interviews, documentaries and social media content. The purpose is to maintain the athlete’s image and the accuracy of the message across cultures.

翻译人员将运动员的话语准确传达给全球观众，避免失真。他们协助进行现场采访、纪录片和社交媒体内容。其目的是维护运动员形象并确保信息在不同文化中的准确性。

A translator may need to manage humour, sarcasm, anger or emotional responses. In a press conference, a literal translation of an idiomatic phrase can cause offence. The function is therefore to adapt the message while preserving the speaker’s intention. This requires cultural sensitivity and media awareness.

翻译人员可能需要处理幽默、讽刺、愤怒或情绪化回应。在新闻发布会中，对习语进行字面翻译可能会引起冒犯。因此，其功能是在保留说话者意图的同时调整信息。这需要文化敏感度和媒体意识。

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7. Cultural Mediation and Team Cohesion | 文化调解与团队凝聚力

Sport teams often include players from diverse backgrounds. Translators do more than word conversion; they explain body language, humour, religious practices and dietary needs. This cultural mediation reduces conflict and builds trust in the changing room.

运动队通常包括来自不同背景的球员。翻译人员不仅要转换语言，还要解释肢体语言、幽默、宗教习俗和饮食需求。这种文化调解能减少冲突并在更衣室建立信任。

For example, a translator may explain why a player requires halal food, why a coach uses direct criticism, or why a team mate avoids eye contact. The purpose is to prevent misunderstanding from becoming discrimination or isolation. In this way, translators contribute to team cohesion and mental wellbeing.

例如，翻译人员可以解释为什么某位球员需要清真食品，为什么教练采用直接批评，或为什么队友避免眼神接触。其目的是防止误解演变为歧视或孤立。通过这种方式，翻译人员为团队凝聚力和心理健康做出了贡献。

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8. Athlete Welfare and Safeguarding | 运动员福利与安全保护

Translators have a safeguarding role when working with young or vulnerable athletes. They must report any concern about abuse, bullying or mental health using the correct language and confidentiality procedures. Their purpose is to ensure the athlete’s voice is heard and acted upon.

在与青少年或弱势运动员合作时，翻译人员承担着安全保护职责。他们必须使用恰当的语言和保密程序报告任何有关虐待、霸凌或心理健康的问题。其目的是确保运动员的声音被听到并得到处理。

A translator may be the only person an athlete trusts to explain a concern in their own language. If the translator minimises, adds personal opinion or delays reporting, the athlete may remain at risk. Therefore, safeguarding training is now a standard part of sport interpreter preparation.

翻译人员可能是运动员唯一信任的、能够用其母语解释问题的人。如果翻译人员淡化问题、加入个人意见或延迟报告，运动员可能会持续处于风险之中。因此，安全保护培训现在已成为体育口译员准备工作的标准内容。

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9. Education and Coaching Resources | 教育与教练资源

Translators adapt coaching manuals, referee courses, Physical Education curricula and online learning materials. This allows coach development and school PE to be delivered consistently across countries. The function is educational equity: a coach in one country should receive the same quality of information as a coach in another.

翻译人员改编教练手册、裁判课程、体育课程和在线学习材料。这使教练发展和学校体育能够在不同国家一致开展。其功能是教育公平：一个国家的教练应获得与另一个国家教练同等质量的信息。

In Cambridge Physical Education, translated resources help students understand concepts such as skill classification, feedback types, energy systems and sport psychology. A well-translated textbook can make the difference between rote learning and deep understanding. The purpose is to raise the global standard of sport knowledge.

在剑桥体育课程中，翻译后的资源帮助学生学习技能分类、反馈类型、能量系统和运动心理学等概念。翻译良好的教材可能决定学生是死记硬背还是深入理解。其目的是提高全球体育知识水平。

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10. Evaluation: Accuracy, Confidentiality and Impartiality | 评估：准确性、保密性与公正性

Translators work to professional standards: accuracy, confidentiality, impartiality and cultural competence. In sport, these standards are tested by split-second decisions, player transfers and anti-doping appeals. A translator who adds, omits or distorts a message can affect careers, medals and reputations.

翻译人员按照准确、保密、公正和文化能力等专业标准工作。在体育领域，这些标准受到瞬间裁决、球员转会和反兴奋剂上诉的考验。增译、漏译或曲解信息的翻译人员可能影响职业生涯、奖牌和声誉。

Standard | 标准	Meaning in Sport | 在体育中的含义
Accuracy | 准确性	No addition or omission of information | 信息不增译、不漏译
Confidentiality | 保密性	Protect private athlete and team data | 保护运动员和球队的隐私数据
Impartiality | 公正性	No personal bias or favouritism | 不带有个人偏见或偏袒
Cultural competence | 文化能力	Understand both sport cultures | 理解双方的体育文化

Evaluation of translator performance may include peer observation, feedback from athletes and coaches, and review of recorded interpreting. The purpose is continuous improvement, because mistakes in sport translation are often irreversible once a decision has been made. In this way, professional translation supports the wider values of sport: respect, equity and integrity.

对翻译人员表现的评估可包括同行观察、运动员和教练的反馈，以及对口译录音的审查。其目的是持续改进，因为在体育翻译中，一旦做出决定，错误往往不可逆转。通过这种方式，专业翻译支持了更广泛的体育价值观：尊重、公平和诚信。

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