A-Level CAIE Philosophy: Full Syllabus Breakdown | A-Level CAIE 哲学：课程大纲全面解析

📚 A-Level CAIE Philosophy: Full Syllabus Breakdown | A-Level CAIE 哲学：课程大纲全面解析

Cambridge International AS & A Level Philosophy (9696) develops the ability to think precisely, interpret philosophical arguments and construct balanced evaluations. It does not require memorising a fixed list of quotations; instead, it tests whether candidates can explain core concepts, analyse rival theories and defend a judgement.

剑桥国际 AS 和 A Level 哲学（9696）培养精确思维、解读哲学论证并构建均衡评价的能力。它不要求死记固定引文，而是考查学生能否解释核心概念、分析对立理论并为自己的判断作辩护。

This guide breaks down the syllabus structure, the main topics for AS and A2, the assessment objectives and the key skills needed for high marks. It is intended to support revision planning for CAIE Philosophy students.

本指南全面拆解大纲结构、AS 和 A2 的主要主题、评估目标以及获得高分所需的关键技能，旨在帮助 CAIE 哲学考生规划复习。

1. Syllabus Aims and Assessment Objectives | 大纲目标与评估目标

The syllabus aims to promote critical thinking, conceptual clarity and independent judgement. You are expected to understand philosophical concepts, arguments and theories, and to evaluate them by identifying strengths, weaknesses and underlying assumptions.

大纲旨在培养批判性思维、概念清晰度和独立判断力。你需要理解哲学概念、论证和理论，并通过识别优缺点和深层假设来进行评价。

Assessment is based on two main objectives. AO1 Knowledge and Understanding rewards accurate explanation of philosophical ideas, terminology and arguments. AO2 Analysis and Evaluation rewards critical comparison, evaluation of strengths and weaknesses, and the construction of a supported conclusion.

评估基于两大目标。AO1 知识与理解侧重准确解释哲学观点、术语和论证；AO2 分析与评价侧重批判性比较、评估优缺点并形成有依据的结论。

2. Assessment at a Glance | 考试结构一览

The CAIE Philosophy syllabus is divided into four papers. AS candidates take Papers 1 and 2, while A Level candidates take all four papers. Each paper is examined by essay questions, not multiple-choice or short-answer tasks.

CAIE 哲学大纲分为四份试卷。AS 考生参加试卷 1 和 2，A Level 考生参加全部四份试卷。每份试卷均以论文题形式考查，不设选择题或简答题。

Each paper contains a choice of questions and requires two essay responses. There are no prescribed set texts, so students should use syllabus content and recommended readings rather than quote a fixed canonical list.

每份试卷提供多个选题，要求完成两篇论文。大纲没有规定必读文本，因此学生应利用考纲内容和推荐阅读，而不是背诵固定经典篇目。

3. Paper 1: Epistemology and Ethics | 试卷 1：认识论与伦理学

In Epistemology, you examine what knowledge is, how it differs from belief and opinion, and whether sceptical challenges can be answered. Core topics include the tripartite definition of knowledge, Gettier problems, perception, reason, testimony, a priori and empirical knowledge, and global scepticism.

在认识论部分，你研究知识是什么、它如何与信念和意见区分，以及能否回应怀疑论挑战。核心主题包括知识的三元定义、葛梯尔问题、知觉、理性、证词、先验与经验知识以及全面怀疑论。

In Ethics, you compare normative theories such as utilitarianism, Kantian deontology and virtue ethics, and you introduce metaethical debates about whether moral judgements are objective or subjective. Applied ethical issues may also be used to test these theories.

在伦理学部分，你比较功利主义、康德义务论和德性伦理学等规范理论，并引入道德判断是否客观或主观的元伦理争论。应用伦理议题也可能被用来检验这些理论。

• Epistemology: knowledge, justification, scepticism, perception, reason, testimony | 认识论：知识、辩护、怀疑论、知觉、理性、证词

• Ethics: utilitarianism, deontology, virtue ethics, metaethics, applied ethics | 伦理学：功利主义、义务论、德性伦理学、元伦理学、应用伦理学

4. Paper 2: Philosophy of Religion and Political Philosophy | 试卷 2：宗教哲学与政治哲学

Philosophy of Religion covers classical arguments for God’s existence, including cosmological, teleological and ontological arguments, as well as the problem of evil, religious language and the relationship between faith and reason. You are expected to assess these arguments rather than merely describe them.

宗教哲学涵盖上帝存在的经典论证，包括宇宙论、目的论和本体论论证，以及恶的问题、宗教语言和信仰与理性的关系。你需要评估这些论证，而不仅仅是描述。

Political Philosophy examines why the state has authority, how freedom should be balanced against justice, and whether rights are natural or conventional. Key debates include social contract theory, utilitarianism, egalitarianism, democracy and criticisms of political obligation.

政治哲学考察国家为何拥有权威、自由如何与正义平衡，以及权利是自然的还是约定的。核心争论包括社会契约论、功利主义、平等主义、民主以及对政治义务的批评。

• Philosophy of Religion: divine attributes, cosmological, teleological, ontological arguments, evil, faith and reason | 宗教哲学：神圣属性、宇宙论、目的论、本体论论证、恶、信仰与理性

• Political Philosophy: authority, justice, liberty, rights, social contract, democracy | 政治哲学：权威、正义、自由、权利、社会契约、民主

5. Paper 3: Metaphysics and Philosophy of Mind | 试卷 3：形而上学与心灵哲学

Metaphysics explores what exists and how things persist over time. Topics include free will and determinism, causation, universals and particulars, necessity and possibility, and identity over time.

形而上学探究什么存在以及事物如何在时间中持续。主题包括自由意志与决定论、因果关系、共相与殊相、必然性与可能性，以及跨时间同一性。

Philosophy of Mind focuses on the mind-body problem. Candidates compare dualism, behaviourism, identity theory, functionalism and property dualism, and discuss consciousness, qualia and personal identity.

心灵哲学聚焦身心问题。考生比较二元论、行为主义、同一论、功能主义和属性二元论，并讨论意识、感受质

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