IGCSE CCEA Drama Vocabulary Quick-Memory Guide | IGCSE CCEA 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南

📚 IGCSE CCEA Drama Vocabulary Quick-Memory Guide | IGCSE CCEA 戏剧：词汇术语速记指南

This guide groups the essential drama terms you need for IGCSE CCEA Drama into clear, memorable categories. Each term is defined in plain English and Chinese so you can revise quickly and use the vocabulary confidently in written responses and practical work.

本指南将 IGCSE CCEA 戏剧中必须掌握的术语分类整理，中英对照，便于快速复习，并在书面答题和表演实践中准确使用。

1. Stage Directions and Spatial Terms | 舞台方位与空间术语

Stage directions describe where actors move and stand. In CCEA Drama you must use these terms precisely when discussing blocking or writing about a performance.

舞台方位描述演员移动和站立的位置。在 CCEA 戏剧中，讨论舞台调度或分析表演时必须准确使用这些术语。

Upstage means the area of the stage furthest from the audience. Moving upstage takes the actor away from the audience, which can reduce focus or suggest distance.

Upstage 指舞台上离观众最远的区域。向上舞台移动会让演员远离观众，可能减弱焦点或暗示距离感。

Downstage is the area closest to the audience. It is often used for moments of intimacy, confrontation or high focus because the actor is more visible.

Downstage 是离观众最近的区域。常用于表现亲密、对峙或高潮聚焦的时刻，因为演员此时更清晰可见。

Stage left is the actor’s left when facing the audience. Stage right is the actor’s right when facing the audience. Always describe left and right from the actor’s perspective.

Stage left 是演员面对观众时的左手边，stage right 是右手边。舞台左右始终以演员视角为准。

Centre stage is the middle of the acting area. It usually indicates power, balance or a key dramatic moment.

Centre stage 是表演区的中心。通常表现权力、平衡或关键戏剧时刻。

Prompt side is traditionally the side where the prompt or stage manager sits, and opposite prompt is the other side. These terms are useful when annotating a script.

Prompt side 传统上指提词员或舞台监督所在的一侧，opposite prompt 是另一侧。这些术语在标注剧本时很实用。

Blocking is the planned movement and positioning of actors on stage. Good blocking uses space, levels and proximity to support the scene’s meaning.

Blocking 指演员在舞台上经过设计的移动和定位。好的舞台调度利用空间、高度和距离来强化场景含义。

Levels refer to height differences such as standing, kneeling, sitting or using raised platforms. Levels create visual interest and can show status or power.

Levels 指站立、跪下、坐下或使用高台等高度差异。层次能制造视觉趣味并表现地位或权力。

Proxemics means the distance between actors. Close proximity can suggest intimacy or tension; greater distance can suggest isolation or formality.

Proxemics 指演员之间的距离。近距离可暗示亲密或紧张，远距离可暗示疏离或正式。

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2. Vocal Skills and Terminology | 声音技巧与术语

Vocal choices are central to creating character and meaning. You should be able to name and evaluate how an actor uses voice.

声音选择是塑造人物和传达意义的核心。你应能说出并评价演员如何运用声音。

Pitch is how high or low the voice is. A high pitch can suggest fear, excitement or youth; a low pitch can suggest authority, calm or menace.

Pitch 指声音的高低。高音可表现恐惧、兴奋或年轻，低音可表现权威、冷静或威胁。

Pace is the speed of speech. A fast pace can show panic, excitement or nervousness; a slow pace can show control, sadness or thoughtfulness.

Pace 指语速。快语速可表现慌乱、兴奋或紧张，慢语速可表现克制、悲伤或沉思。

Pause is a deliberate stop in speech. Pauses create tension, allow the audience to absorb meaning, or show a character thinking or struggling.

Pause 指说话中有意的停顿。停顿制造紧张感，让观众消化含义，或表现人物在思考或挣扎。

Volume is how loud or quiet the voice is. An actor may increase volume for power or decrease it to draw the audience in or show secrecy.

Volume 指声音的大小。演员可能提高音量表现力量，或降低音量吸引观众注意或表现隐秘。

Tone is the emotional quality of the voice, such as warm, cold, sarcastic or gentle. Tone helps reveal attitude and subtext.

Tone 指声音的情感色彩，如温暖、冷漠、讽刺或温柔。语气有助于揭示态度和潜台词。

Emphasis is the stress placed on a particular word or syllable. Emphasising different words can completely change meaning.

Emphasis 指对某个词或音节的重读。重读不同词语会完全改变句意。

Articulation is the clarity of speech. Clear articulation ensures every syllable is understood, while poor articulation may be used to show intoxication or exhaustion.

Articulation 指吐字清晰度。清晰的吐字确保每个音节都被听懂，而含混吐字可用于表现醉酒或疲惫。

Projection is using breath and resonance to make the voice carry to the whole audience without shouting.

Projection 指运用气息和共鸣让声音传遍观众席，而不是喊叫。

Accent is a regional or national way of pronouncing words. Dialect includes accent plus specific vocabulary and grammar.

Accent 指地区或国家的发音方式。Dialect 包括口音以及特定词汇和语法。

Intonation is the rise and fall of the voice. Rising intonation often signals a question or uncertainty; falling intonation can signal certainty or finality.

Intonation 指声音的升降调。升调常表示疑问或不确定，降调可表示确定或结束。

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3. Physical and Movement Terms | 动作与肢体术语

Physical skills communicate character, emotion and relationships. When describing performance, link the physical choice to its effect on the audience.

肢体技巧传递人物、情感和关系。描述表演时，要把肢体选择与对观众的影响联系起来。

Gesture is a movement of the hand, arm or head that communicates meaning, such as pointing, shrugging or waving.

Gesture 指手、臂或头部的表意动作，如指向、耸肩或挥手。

Posture is how a person holds their body. Upright posture can show confidence; slumped posture can show defeat or tiredness.

Posture 指身体的姿态。挺直的姿态可表现自信，蜷缩的姿态可表现沮丧或疲惫。

Facial expression is the use of the face to show emotion. The eyes, eyebrows and mouth are especially important for close-up or intimate scenes.

Facial expression 指用面部表现情感。眼睛、眉毛和嘴在特写或亲密场景中尤其重要。

Body language is the overall message sent by the body, including posture, gestures, facial expression and spatial relationships.

Body language 指身体传递的整体信息，包括姿态、手势、表情和空间关系。

Gait is the way a character walks. A heavy gait can suggest age, tiredness or authority; a light gait can suggest youth or happiness.

Gait 指人物走路的方式。沉重步态可暗示年老、疲惫或权威，轻快步态可暗示年轻或快乐。

Mime is acting without words, using only movement and expression. It requires precise physical control to tell a story or show an object.

Mime 指不用语言、只用动作和表情表演。它需要精确的肢体控制来讲述故事或表现物体。

Tableau is a frozen picture created by actors. A tableau can summarise a moment, show relationships or make a powerful image.

Tableau 是由演员构成的定格画面。定格可以概括瞬间、展示关系或形成强烈意象。

Freeze-frame is a moment when all movement stops, like pressing pause. It is often used to highlight a key moment or make the audience reflect.

Freeze-frame 指所有动作停止，像按下暂停键。常用于突出关键时刻或让观众反思。

Physical theatre is a style where movement and the body are as important as text. It may include dance, mime, acrobatics or rhythmic movement.

Physical theatre 指动作和身体与台词同样重要的戏剧风格。它可能包括舞蹈、哑剧、技巧动作或节奏性动作。

Mannerism is a repeated physical habit that reveals character, such as nail-biting, pacing or adjusting glasses.

Mannerism 指反复出现的肢体习惯，可揭示人物特征，如咬指甲、踱步或推眼镜。

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4. Character and Rehearsal Techniques | 角色塑造与排练方法

These terms relate to how actors build believable characters and how you explore a text in rehearsal. CCEA written papers often ask you to explain these techniques.

这些术语涉及演员如何塑造可信角色，以及如何在排练中探索文本。CCEA 笔试常要求解释这些方法。

Given circumstances are the facts of the character’s world: time, place, relationships, social background and situation. They shape how a character behaves.

Given circumstances 指角色世界的客观事实：时间、地点、人际关系、社会背景和处境。它们塑造角色的行为方式。

Objective is what a character wants in a scene. A strong objective is active and specific, such as to persuade, to escape or to humiliate.

Objective 指角色在一场戏中想要达成的目标。有力的目标应是主动且具体的，如说服、逃离或羞辱。

Super-objective is the character’s overall goal across the whole play. It connects all smaller objectives and gives the performance direction.

Super-objective 指角色在全剧中的总体目标。它串联所有小目标，为表演提供方向。

Emotional memory is a Stanislavskian technique where the actor uses a personal past experience to feel the character’s emotion truthfully.

Emotional memory 是斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基的一种技巧，演员借助个人过去的经历来真实感受角色的情感。

Hot-seating is a rehearsal activity where a performer answers questions in role. It deepens understanding of the character’s thoughts and backstory.

Hot-seating 指演员以角色身份回答提问的排练活动。它能加深对角色思想和背景故事的理解。

Thought-tracking is a technique where actors speak a character’s inner thoughts aloud, often while frozen in a moment.

Thought-tracking 指演员说出角色内心想法的技巧，常在定格时进行。

Role-play is exploring a situation by improvising in character. It helps you test how a character reacts before fixing choices.

Role-play 指以角色身份即兴体验情境。它帮助你在确定选择前测试角色的反应。

Improvisation is creating dialogue and action without a script. It can be spontaneous or prepared, and is especially important in devising.

Improvisation 指没有剧本地创造对话和行动。它可以是自发或经过准备的，在集体创编中尤为重要。

Subtext is the underlying meaning beneath the words. A character may say something polite but the subtext may be threatening or sarcastic.

Subtext 指台词背后的潜在含义。角色说的话可能礼貌，但潜台词可能是威胁或讽刺。

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5. Dramatic Conventions | 戏剧惯例与结构

Dramatic conventions are accepted ways of presenting story and character. Knowing them helps you analyse scripts and make bold performance choices.

戏剧惯例是呈现故事和人物的公认方式。了解这些惯例有助于分析剧本并做出大胆的表演选择。

Aside is a short comment spoken directly to the audience, not heard by other characters. It reveals private thoughts or creates comic or dramatic irony.

Aside 指角色直接对观众说的简短台词，其他角色听不到。它揭示内心想法或制造喜剧或戏剧反讽。

Soliloquy is a longer speech given by a character alone on stage, revealing deep inner thoughts. It often invites the audience into private emotions.

Soliloquy 指角色独自在舞台上说出的较长独白，揭示深层内心。它常使观众进入角色私密情感。

Monologue is an extended speech by one character, delivered to other characters or to the audience. Unlike a soliloquy, other characters may hear it.

Monologue 指一个角色的长段台词，可对其他角色或观众说。与独白不同，其他角色可能听见。

Dialogue is spoken conversation between two or more characters. The rhythm and interruptions in dialogue reveal relationships and conflict.

Dialogue 指两个或以上角色之间的对话。对话的节奏和打断方式揭示关系和冲突。

Narration is when a performer tells the story directly to the audience. Narration can link scenes, provide context or comment on the action.

Narration 指表演者直接向观众讲述故事。叙述可连接场景、提供背景或评论剧情。

Chorus is a group of performers who comment on the action, often speaking or moving together. The chorus may represent society or a shared voice.

Chorus 指评论剧情的一组表演者，常一起说话或移动。歌队可代表社会或集体声音。

Direct address is when actors speak straight to the audience, breaking the usual separation between stage and auditorium.

Direct address 指演员直接对观众说话，打破舞台与观众席之间通常的隔阂。

Fourth wall is the imaginary wall between actors and audience. Naturalistic drama usually keeps it intact, while non-naturalistic drama may break it.

Fourth wall 指演员与观众之间想象的墙。自然主义戏剧通常保持这面墙，而非自然主义戏剧可能打破它。

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6. Structuring Performance | 表演结构

Understanding how a performance is put together helps you organise devised work and analyse how meaning is built scene by scene.

理解表演如何构成有助于组织集体创编，并分析意义如何逐场构建。

Scene is a unit of action in one location or time. A change of scene often signals a change of place, time or focus.

Scene 指在同一地点或时间内的行动单元。换场常表示地点、时间或焦点变化。

Act is a larger division of a play, made up of several scenes. An act often ends at a major turning point or cliffhanger.

Act 指剧本中较大的结构单位，由若干场组成。一幕常结束于重要转折或悬念。

Flashback is a scene showing events from the past, often used to explain motivation or reveal hidden history.

Flashback 指表现过去事件的场景，常用于解释动机或揭示隐藏往事。

Cross-cutting is moving quickly between two or more scenes or storylines. It can build tension and show contrasting events happening at the same time.

Cross-cutting 指在两个或多个场景或情节之间快速切换。它能制造紧张感并表现同时发生的对比事件。

Split scene is when two or more separate scenes are shown on stage at the same time in different areas.

Split scene 指不同区域同时呈现两个或多个独立场景。

Marking the moment is a technique where a key moment is highlighted by slowing down, freezing, repeating or using a sound effect.

Marking the moment 指通过放慢、定格、重复或音效来突出某一关键时刻。

Transition is the movement from one scene to another. Transitions can be smooth or deliberately bold, and may use music, lighting or movement.

Transition 指从一个场景到另一场景的过渡。过渡可以流畅，也可以刻意醒目，并使用音乐、灯光或动作。

Climax is the point of highest tension or emotional intensity in a scene or play. The action after the climax is often shorter and releases tension.

Climax 指场景或全剧中紧张感或情感强度最高的时刻。高潮后的行动通常较短并释放张力。

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7. Theatre Styles and Practitioners | 戏剧风格与大师

CCEA Drama expects you to recognise different theatre styles and the practitioners who developed them. These terms help you describe the intended effect of a performance.

CCEA 戏剧要求你认识不同戏剧风格及其创作者。这些术语帮助你描述表演的预期效果。

Naturalism aims to create a completely believable illusion of real life on stage, with realistic set, dialogue and acting. Stanislavski is closely linked to naturalistic acting.

Naturalism 力求在舞台上创造完全可信的现实生活幻觉，使用写实布景、对话和表演。斯坦尼斯拉夫斯基与自然主义表演密切相关。

Non-naturalism deliberately breaks from realistic conventions. It may use symbol, direct address, stylised movement, song or narration to communicate ideas.

Non-naturalism 有意打破写实惯例。它可能使用象征、直接对观众说话、风格化动作、歌曲或叙述来传达思想。

Epic theatre is associated with Brecht. It aims to make the audience think critically rather than become emotionally absorbed, often using techniques that remind them they are watching a play.

Epic theatre 与布莱希特相关。它旨在让观众批判性思考，而非情感投入，常使用提醒观众正在看戏的手法。

Alienation effect is a Brechtian technique that prevents emotional attachment and makes the familiar seem strange, such as direct address, placards or visible lighting.

Alienation effect 是布莱希特的一种手法，阻止观众情感代入，使熟悉事物显得陌生，如直接对观众说话、标语牌或可见灯光。

Physical theatre is a style where movement, gesture and the body are central to storytelling. It may use ensemble movement, mime, dance or acrobatics.

Physical theatre 是以动作、手势和身体为叙事核心的风格。它可能使用集体动作、哑剧、舞蹈或技巧动作。

Melodrama is an exaggerated style with clear heroes and villains, strong emotion and dramatic music. It often uses stock characters and heightened gestures.

Melodrama 是一种夸张风格，善恶分明、情感强烈、配乐突出。它常使用定型角色和夸张姿势。

Farce is a comic style relying on absurd situations, fast pace, mistaken identity and physical action. Its humour comes from chaos and timing.

Farce 是依靠荒唐情境、快节奏、错认身份和肢体动作的喜剧风格。其幽默来自混乱和节奏。

Satire uses humour, irony and exaggeration to criticise people, ideas or society. It can make an audience laugh while also prompting reflection.

Satire 用幽默、反讽和夸张来批判人物、观念或社会。它让观众发笑的同时也促其反思。

Stanislavski developed a system for realistic acting based on objectives, given circumstances and emotional truth. His ideas still shape naturalistic performance.

Stanislavski 创立了基于目标、给定情境和情感真实的现实主义表演体系。他的理念至今影响自然主义表演。

Brecht created epic theatre to encourage social change. He wanted audiences to question the action rather than simply sympathise with characters.

Brecht 创立史诗戏剧以推动社会变革。他希望观众质疑剧情，而不是仅仅同情角色。

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8. Technical Theatre Vocabulary | 技术剧场词汇

Technical elements support the performance and create meaning. You should be able to discuss set, props, costume, lighting and sound in the same way as acting choices.

技术元素支撑表演并创造意义。你应像讨论表演选择一样，讨论布景、道具、服装、灯光和声音。

Set is the scenery and furniture used to create the performance space. It can be realistic or symbolic, and it influences mood, location and character.

Set 指创造表演空间的布景和家具。它可以写实或象征，影响氛围、地点和人物。

Props are objects used by actors during a performance, such as a letter, a cup or a weapon. Small props may be carried; larger props are part of the set.

Props 指演员在表演中使用的物品，如信、杯子或武器。小道具可手持，大道具属于布景一部分。

Costume is what an actor wears, including clothes, shoes and accessories. Costume reveals time period, social status, personality and changes in character.

Costume 指演员穿着的服装、鞋子和配饰。服装揭示时代、社会地位、性格及角色变化。

Lighting is the use of intensity, colour, angle and focus to create mood, time, location and emphasis. A sudden lighting change can shift the atmosphere instantly.

Lighting 指运用亮度、色彩、角度和焦点来创造情绪、时间、地点和强调。灯光突变可瞬间改变氛围。

Sound includes music, sound effects and live or recorded sound. It can set mood, signal offstage action or reinforce a theme.

Sound 包括音乐、音效以及现场或录制的声音。它能设定情绪、暗示幕后动作或强化主题。

Cue is the signal for a performer or technician to take action. An actor’s line, a lighting change or a sound can be a cue.

Cue 指演员或技术人员开始行动的信号。一句台词、一次灯光变化或一个声音都可以是 cue。

Tech rehearsal is a rehearsal focused on technical elements such as lighting, sound, set changes and costumes. It is usually slow and may stop and start.

Tech rehearsal 是专注于灯光、声音、换景和服装等技术环节的排练。它通常较慢，可能需要反复停顿。

Dress rehearsal is a full run-through in costume and makeup with all technical elements. It is the final rehearsal before performance.

Dress rehearsal 是在服装和化妆完整、技术齐全的情况下进行的完整连排。它是演出前的最后一次排练。

Blackout is the sudden switching off of all stage lights. It is often used to end a scene sharply or create a dramatic pause.

Blackout 指突然关闭所有舞台灯光。常用于干脆利落地结束场景或制造戏剧性停顿。

Fade is a gradual change in lighting or sound. A fade can signal the passage of time or a change of mood.

Fade 指灯光或声音的逐渐变化。渐隐可表示时间推移或情绪变化。

Crossfade is when one lighting or sound cue fades out as another fades in, creating a smooth transition between scenes.

Crossfade 指一个

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