IGCSE CCEA Media: Key Terminology Memory Guide | IGCSE CCEA 媒体：词汇术语速记指南

📚 IGCSE CCEA Media: Key Terminology Memory Guide | IGCSE CCEA 媒体：词汇术语速记指南

This revision guide organises the essential media terminology for CCEA Media Studies into ten quick-memory sections. Each section pairs a short explanation with a memory hook, so you can move from recognising a term to using it confidently in an exam response.

本复习指南将 CCEA 媒体研究必学术语组织成十个速记小节。每一节把简短解释与记忆钩子配对，让你从认识术语提升到能在考试答案中自信运用。

1. Media Language and Semiotics | 媒体语言与符号学

Media language is the system of technical and symbolic elements that producers use to create meaning. In semiotics, a sign is made of a signifier – the physical form such as a word, image or sound – and a signified, the mental concept it triggers.

媒体语言是制作者用来创造意义的技术与象征元素系统。在符号学中，符号由能指（词语、图像或声音等物理形式）和所指（它引发的心理概念）组成。

A fast way to recall the difference is: denotation is what you see, connotation is what it suggests. When an exam asks for connotation, always link the visual code to a social or cultural value.

速记区别：外延是你看到的，内涵是它暗示的。当考题问内涵时，一定要把视觉符码与社会或文化价值联系起来。

2. Codes and Conventions | 符码与惯例

Codes are systems of signs that create meaning. Technical codes come from equipment and craft, such as camera movement and lighting. Symbolic codes come from what objects, colours and body language suggest. Written codes include headlines, captions and typography.

符码是创造意义的符号系统。技术符码来自设备与工艺，如镜头运动和灯光。象征符码来自物体、颜色和肢体语言所暗示的内容。书面符码包括标题、图说与字体设计。

Conventions are the expected ways codes are combined. A convention is ‘the way things are usually done’ in a media product. For example, a horror film conventionally uses low-key lighting, a creaking sound bridge and an isolated setting.

惯例是符码组合的预期方式。惯例是媒体产品中’通常的做法’。例如，恐怖片通常使用低调用光、吱吱作响的声音桥接和孤立的场景。

• Technical codes – camera, lighting, editing, sound | 技术符码 – 镜头、灯光、剪辑、声音
• Symbolic codes – colour, costume, gesture | 象征符码 – 色彩、服装、姿态
• Written codes – captions, logos, font | 书面符码 – 图说、标志、字体

3. Camera, Sound and Editing | 镜头、声音与剪辑

Camera terminology is easiest to learn as a scale. ECU (extreme close-up) shows an eye or detail; CU (close-up) shows a face; MS (medium shot) shows waist up; LS (long shot) shows the whole body; ELS (extreme long shot) shows the environment dominating the figure.

镜头术语最容易按景别范围记忆。ECU（大特写）展示眼睛或细节；CU（特写）展示面部；MS（中景）展示腰部以上；LS（远景）展示全身；ELS（极远景）展示环境支配人物。

Sound is divided into diegetic, which exists inside the story world such as dialogue and footsteps, and non-diegetic, which is added outside the story world such as a score or voice-over. A sound bridge links two scenes by carrying sound across a cut.

声音分为剧情声，即存在于故事世界中的声音，如对话和脚步声；非剧情声，即在故事世界之外添加的声音，如配乐或旁白。声音桥接让声音跨过剪切连接两个场景。

For editing, remember these transitions: cut is instant, fade goes to black or white, dissolve overlaps two shots, and jump cut breaks continuity. Continuity editing hides the edit to make time and space feel smooth.

剪辑要记住这些转场：切是即时切换，淡入淡出渐变为黑或白，叠化让两个镜头重叠，跳切则打破连续性。连续性剪辑隐藏剪辑点，让时间与空间显得流畅。

4. Mise-en-Scène | 场面调度

Mise-en-scène means ‘everything placed in the scene’. Use the memory acronym CLAMPS: Costume, Lighting, Actors (positioning and movement), Make-up, Props and Setting. All six elements work together to create mood and meaning.

场面调度意为’场景中的一切布置’。用首字母记忆法 CLAMPS：服装、灯光、演员（站位与动作）、化妆、道具和场景。六个元素共同营造氛围与意义。

For example, low-key lighting creates harsh shadows and mystery, while high-key lighting reduces shadows and is common in sitcoms. An actor placed centrally and looking directly to camera can create direct address and power.

例如，低调用光产生浓重阴影与神秘感，而高调用光减少阴影，常见于情景喜剧。演员置于画面中央并直视镜头可产生直接致辞与权力感。

5. Representation and Stereotypes | 再现与刻板印象

Representation is not a mirror of reality; it is a reconstruction. Media producers select, mediate and construct versions of people, places and events. Mediation means the process of choosing what to include and exclude.

再现不是现实的镜子，而是一种重建。媒体制作者选择、中介并建构人物、地点和事件的版本。中介指选择什么纳入与排除的过程。

A stereotype is a simplified, repeated representation that reduces a group to a few exaggerated traits. A countertype challenges or reverses those traits. Ideology is the set of values and beliefs embedded in a representation.

刻板印象是一种简化、重复的再现，把某个群体缩减为少数被夸大的特征。反刻板印象挑战或反转这些特征。意识形态是嵌入再现中的一套价值观与信念

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