📚 DNA Replication: Semi-Conservative Replication and the Replication Machinery | DNA 复制：半保留复制与复制机器
DNA replication is the process by which a cell copies its entire genome before cell division. It must be accurate, fast and coordinated with the cell cycle so that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic instructions.
DNA 复制是细胞在分裂前复制整个基因组的过程。它必须准确、快速并与细胞周期相协调，以确保每个子细胞获得一整套完整的遗传信息。
1. Why DNA Replication Is Semi-Conservative | 为什么 DNA 复制是半保留的
When Watson and Crick described the double helix, they realised that complementary base pairing immediately suggests a copying mechanism: if the two strands separate, each strand can act as a template for building a new partner. In semi-conservative replication, each new DNA molecule consists of one original parental strand and one newly synthesised daughter strand.
当 Watson 和 Crick 描述双螺旋结构时，他们意识到互补碱基配对直接暗示了一种复制机制：如果两条链分开，每条链都可以作为模板合成新的互补链。在半保留复制中，每个新的 DNA 分子由一条原有的亲本链和一条新合成的子链组成。
Two alternative models were also considered. In conservative replication, the original double helix would remain fully intact and a completely new double helix would be produced. In dispersive replication, both strands of each daughter molecule would be patches of old and new DNA.
另外两种模型也曾被考虑。在全保留复制中，原始双螺旋保持完整，同时产生一个全新的双螺旋。在分散复制中，每个子代分子的两条链都会由旧 DNA 和新 DNA 片段混合组成。
2. The Meselson-Stahl Experiment | Meselson-Stahl
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