Mastering A-Level Programming: Constructs, Data Structures and Algorithms | 掌握 A-Level 编程：结构、数据结构与算法

📚 Mastering A-Level Programming: Constructs, Data Structures and Algorithms | 掌握 A-Level 编程：结构、数据结构与算法

For Edexcel A-Level Computer Science, programming is not just about writing code; it is about using computational thinking to design, trace, compare, and evaluate algorithms. The specification expects you to read and write pseudocode, understand standard data structures, apply searching and sorting algorithms, and discuss programming paradigms with precision.

对 Edexcel A-Level 计算机科学而言，编程不只是写代码，而是运用计算思维设计、跟踪、比较和评估算法。大纲要求你能够阅读和编写伪代码，理解标准数据结构，应用查找与排序算法，并准确讨论编程范式。

1. Programming Constructs | 编程基本结构

All structured programs are built from three fundamental constructs: sequence, selection, and iteration. Sequence means statements execute one after another in order. Selection allows a program to choose between alternative paths using IF, ELSE IF, ELSE, or multi-way SELECT/CASE statements.

所有结构化程序都由三种基本结构组成：顺序、选择和迭代。顺序表示语句按先后依次执行。选择允许程序使用 IF、ELSE IF、ELSE 或多分支 SELECT/CASE 语句在不同路径之间做出选择。

Iteration repeats a block of code. Count-controlled loops such as FOR run a definite number of times, while condition-controlled loops such as WHILE and REPEAT…UNTIL run until a Boolean condition changes. Edexcel pseudocode often asks you to trace these loops or convert between them.

迭代会重复执行一段代码。计数控制循环（如 FOR）以确定的次数运行，而条件控制循环（如 WHILE 和 REPEAT…UNTIL）会一直执行到布尔条件发生变化。Edexcel 伪代码题经常要求你跟踪这些循环或在它们之间进行转换。

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