Stakeholders in a Business Worksheet | 企业利益相关者练习

📚 Stakeholders in a Business Worksheet | 企业利益相关者练习

This worksheet covers Chapter 5 of the Cambridge International AS & A Level Business syllabus (9609): “Stakeholders in a business”. It is designed to help you revise key concepts, practise exam-style questions and improve analysis and evaluation skills.

本练习对应剑桥国际 AS & A Level 商务课程（9609）第5章“企业利益相关者”。它帮助你复习核心概念、练习考试题型并提升分析与评价能力。

1. Syllabus Snapshot | 考纲速览

In Chapter 5, Cambridge expects you to define stakeholders, distinguish between internal and external stakeholders, explain the objectives of different stakeholder groups, analyse conflicts between stakeholders and evaluate how businesses can resolve these conflicts.

在第5章中，剑桥考试要求你定义利益相关者、区分内部和外部利益相关者、解释不同利益相关者群体的目标、分析利益相关者之间的冲突，并评价企业如何解决这些冲突。

• Define stakeholder and shareholder concepts
• Classify stakeholders as internal or external
• Explain objectives, roles and influence of stakeholders
• Analyse causes of stakeholder conflict
• Evaluate methods of resolving conflict and meeting stakeholder needs

中文要点：定义利益相关者与股东概念；将利益相关者分为内部和外部；解释利益相关者的目标、角色和影响力；分析冲突原因；评价解决冲突和满足利益相关者需求的方法。

2. Key Definition: Stakeholder | 核心定义：利益相关者

A stakeholder is any individual, group or organisation that has a direct or indirect interest in the activities, decisions and performance of a business. Stakeholders can be affected by the business, and they can also affect the business.

利益相关者是指对企业的活动、决策和绩效有直接或间接利益的任何个人、群体或组织。利益相关者可能受到企业影响，也可能影响企业。

Example: A factory’s stakeholders include its employees, local residents, suppliers, customers, shareholders and the government. Each has a ‘stake’ because each can gain or lose from the factory’s operations.

例如：一家工厂的利益相关者包括其员工、当地居民、供应商、顾客、股东和政府。每一方都有“利益”或“利害关系”，因为他们都可能因工厂的运营而受益或受损。

Do not confuse a stakeholder with a shareholder. A shareholder owns shares and is one type of stakeholder, but customers, employees and communities do not necessarily own shares.

不要将利益相关者与股东混淆。股东持有股份，是利益相关者的一种，但顾客、员工和社区不一定持有股份。

3. Internal vs External Stakeholders | 内部与外部利益相关者

Internal stakeholders operate inside the business. They include owners/shareholders, employees and managers. They have a direct and continuous relationship with the firm.

内部利益相关者在企业内部活动，包括所有者/股东、员工和管理者。他们与企业有直接且持续的关系。

External stakeholders operate outside the business. They include customers, suppliers, lenders, government, local community, pressure groups and competitors. They are affected by the business but do not work inside it.

外部利益相关者在企业外部活动，包括顾客、供应商、贷款人、政府、当地社区、压力团体和

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