Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration | 原子结构与核外电子排布

📚 Atomic Structure and Electron Configuration | 原子结构与核外电子排布

Atomic structure is the foundation of all chemistry. Understanding how protons, neutrons, and electrons are arranged within an atom allows us to predict chemical behaviour, periodic trends and bond formation. In this revision guide, we will explore the key concepts of atomic structure and electron configuration that are essential for examinations at both GCSE and A-Level.

原子结构是整个化学学科的基石。理解质子、中子和电子在原子内部的排列方式，能够帮助我们预测化学性质、周期规律以及成键方式。在本复习指南中，我们将系统梳理原子结构与核外电子排布的核心考点，帮助你在GCSE和A-Level考试中稳拿高分。

1. Subatomic Particles | 基本亚原子粒子

Every atom consists of three fundamental subatomic particles: the proton, the neutron and the electron. The proton carries a relative charge of +1 and a relative mass of 1. The neutron carries no charge and also has a relative mass of 1. The electron carries a relative charge of −1 and a relative mass of approximately 1/1836 of a proton.

每个原子均由三种基本亚原子粒子构成：质子、中子和电子。质子带一个单位正电荷（+1），相对质量为1；中子不带电荷，相对质量也为1；电子带一个单位负电荷（−1），其相对质量约为质子的1/1836。