📚 CIE IGCSE Physics: Syllabus & Study Guide | CIE IGCSE 物理：课程大纲与学习方法
Welcome to this comprehensive guide to the CIE IGCSE Physics (0625) syllabus. Whether you are just starting your two-year course or revising intensively before the final examinations, this article will walk you through the full syllabus structure, assessment objectives, and the most effective study strategies to help you achieve an A* or Grade 9.
欢迎阅读这份 CIE IGCSE 物理（0625）课程全面指南。无论你正处于两年课程的起步阶段，还是正在考前密集复习，这篇文章都将带你完整梳理大纲结构、评估目标与最有效的学习方法，助你冲击 A* 或 9 分的高分目标。
1. Course Overview: What Is CIE IGCSE Physics? | 课程概览
The Cambridge IGCSE Physics syllabus (code 0625) is designed to give students a solid foundation in the fundamental principles of physics. The course emphasises not only theoretical knowledge but also practical skills, problem-solving ability, and an understanding of how physics applies to real-world technologies and everyday life.
剑桥 IGCSE 物理课程（代码 0625）旨在为学生打下坚实的物理基本原理基础。该课程不仅强调理论知识的掌握，还注重实验技能、问题解决能力，以及理解物理如何应用于现实技术和日常生活中。
The syllabus is organised into five core topic areas, tested through a combination of multiple-choice papers, structured theory papers, and a practical-based assessment. Students can elect to take the Core curriculum (covering the most important fundamentals and grades C–G) or the Extended curriculum (covering all Core content plus additional higher-level material, and grades A*–G).
课程大纲分为五大知识板块，通过选择题卷、结构化作答的理论卷以及实验类考核相结合的方式进行评估。学生可以选择”核心课程”（覆盖最重要的基础知识，对应成绩等级 C–G）或”扩展课程”（覆盖全部核心内容外加更深入的高阶内容，对应成绩等级 A*–G）。
2. Paper Structure and Assessment | 试卷结构与考核方式
There are six papers in total, but each candidate only takes three. Core candidates sit Papers 1, 3, and either 5 or 6. Extended candidates sit Papers 2, 4, and either 5 or 6. The table below summarises the key features of each paper.
整套考试共包含六份试卷，但每位考生只需参加其中三份。核心课程考生参加试卷 1、3 及 5 或 6；扩展课程考生参加试卷 2、4 及 5 或 6。下表概括了每份试卷的核心特征。
| Paper | Type | Time | Marks | Weighting |
| Paper 1 | Multiple Choice (Core) | 45 min | 40 | 30% |
| Paper 2 | Multiple Choice (Extended) | 45 min | 40 | 30% |
| Paper 3 | Theory (Core) | 1 h 15 min | 80 | 50% |
| Paper 4 | Theory (Extended) | 1 h 15 min | 80 | 50% |
| Paper 5 | Practical Test | 1 h 15 min | 40 | 20% |
| Paper 6 | Alternative to Practical | 1 h | 40 | 20% |
The theory papers (Papers 3 and 4) include short-answer questions, structured problems, calculations, and extended-response items. The multiple-choice papers test quick recall and calculation speed. For the practical component, Paper 5 requires you to perform physical experiments in a supervised laboratory, while Paper 6 tests the same experimental skills in written form, such as reading scales, drawing graphs, and planning investigations.
理论卷（试卷 3 与 4）包含简答题、结构化问题、计算题和扩展回答题。选择题卷考查快速回忆与计算速度。在实验环节中，试卷 5 要求考生在监督的实验室内实际操作物理实验，而试卷 6 则以书面形式考查相同的实验技能，如读取刻度、绘制图表和设计研究方案。
3. Core vs Extended: Choosing Your Path | 核心 vs 扩展：如何选择
One of the most important decisions is whether to take the Core (Papers 1 + 3) or Extended (Papers 2 + 4) route. If you plan to continue studying physics or any science-related subject at A-Level, IB, or university, the Extended curriculum is essential. It covers all the Core content while adding depth in topics such as momentum, thermal capacity, electromagnetic induction, and radioactive decay equations.
最重要的决策之一，就是选择”核心路径”（试卷 1 + 3）还是”扩展路径”（试卷 2 + 4）。如果你计划在未来继续学习物理或任何理工科方向至 A-Level、IB 或大学层次，扩展课程必不可少。它覆盖了全部核心内容，同时深化了动量、热容、电磁感应和放射性衰变方程等专题。
Another critical difference is the calculation difficulty. Extended papers require more complex multi-step calculations and algebra skills. For example, Extended candidates must be able to rearrange equations with squares and square roots, such as v² = u² + 2as, and solve problems involving combined circuits. Core candidates focus on simpler direct-substitution calculations.
另一个关键差异在于计算难度。扩展试卷要求更复杂的多步骤计算和代数技巧。例如，扩展考生必须能够对包含平方和平方根的方程进行变形，如 v² = u² + 2as，并且能解决串并联组合电路问题。核心考生则侧重于更直接的代入式计算。
Recommendation: Unless there are specific reasons linked to your academic plan, we strongly advise choosing the Extended route. Even if you are not aiming for physics at A-Level, the Extended content develops stronger analytical skills and keeps more university pathways open.
建议：除非有与你学业规划直接相关的特殊原因，我们强烈建议选择扩展路径。即使你未来不打算在 A-Level 阶段学习物理，扩展内容也能帮助你培养更强的分析能力，并保留更多大学专业选择的可能。
4. Topic 1: General Physics | 主题一：普通物理（力学）
General Physics is the largest topic area and covers measurement, kinematics (motion), forces, momentum, energy, work, power, pressure, and density. This topic typically accounts for approximately 30–35% of the total marks in the theory papers.
“普通物理”是最大的知识板块，涵盖测量、运动学（物体的运动）、力、动量、能量、功、功率、压强和密度。此板块通常占理论卷总分的 30%–35% 左右。
Key definitions you must memorise precisely include: speed and velocity (velocity is speed in a given direction), acceleration (rate of change of velocity), mass (the amount of matter in an object) versus weight (the gravitational force acting on an object), and density (mass per unit volume). Definitions alone can earn you 2 or 3 marks per question, and examiners are strict about wording.
必须精确记忆的关键定义包括：速率与速度（速度是某一方向上的速率）、加速度（速度对时间的变化率）、质量（物体所含物质的多少）与重量（作用在物体上的重力）的区别，以及密度（单位体积的质量）。仅”定义题”每问就能拿 2–3 分，而阅卷官对措辞要求十分严格。
The following equations are essential and appear constantly in exams:
以下方程在考试中反复出现，属于必背方程：
v = u + at s = ut + ½at² v² = u² + 2as
F = ma W = mg ρ = m/V P = F/A
KE = ½mv² PE = mgh Power = W/t
When drawing velocity-time graphs, remember that the gradient gives acceleration and the area under the graph gives distance travelled. In distance-time graphs, the gradient gives speed, and a horizontal line means the object is stationary. These graph interpretation skills are tested in almost every session.
在绘制速度-时间图像时，请记住：图像的斜率表示加速度，图像下方的面积表示行驶距离。在距离-时间图像中，斜率表示速率，水平线表示物体静止。这类图像解读能力几乎在每次考试中都会被考查。
5. Topic 2: Thermal Physics | 主题二：热学
Thermal Physics covers the kinetic particle model of matter, temperature measurement, thermal expansion, heat capacity, latent heat, and the three mechanisms of heat transfer: conduction, convection, and radiation. This is a highly examinable topic area, with frequent questions about everyday applications.
热学板块涵盖物质的分子运动模型、温度测量、热膨胀、热容、潜热，以及传热的三种方式：传导、对流和辐射。该板块出题率很高，经常结合日常生活中的实例进行考查。
One of the most common misconceptions is confusing temperature with heat energy. Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance, while heat is the total energy transferred between objects due to a temperature difference. Even if two objects are at the same temperature, a larger object contains more total internal energy.
最常见的误区之一是混淆”温度”与”热能”。温度是物质粒子平均动能的量度，而热量则是由于温差而在物体之间传递的总能量。即使两个物体温度相同，体积更大的物体也含有更多的总内能。
For the Extended curriculum, you must understand specific heat capacity and specific latent heat, using the following relationships:
在扩展课程中，你必须理解比热容和比潜热的概念，并会使用以下公式：
Q = mcΔt Q = mL
where Q is the thermal energy transferred (in joules), m is mass, c is specific heat capacity, Δt is the temperature change, and L is the specific latent heat. You must also be able to describe experiments to determine c and L using electrical heating, including how to reduce heat losses using insulation.
其中 Q 是传递的热能（单位焦耳），m 是质量，c 是比热容，Δt 是温度变化量，L 是比潜热。你还须能够描述用电加热法测定 c 与 L 的实验方案，包括如何使用绝热材料减少热量散失。
Conduction is explained through the vibration and collision of particles, especially free electrons in metals. Convection involves the expansion of a fluid, which becomes less dense and rises, creating convection currents. Radiation is the transfer of heat by electromagnetic waves (infrared), which can travel through a vacuum; dark, matt surfaces absorb and emit radiation better than light, shiny surfaces.
传导可用粒子的振动与碰撞来解释，尤其是金属中自由电子的作用。对流涉及流体受热膨胀、密度变小而上升，从而形成对流环流。辐射则是通过电磁波（红外线）传递热量，可在真空中传播；深色粗糙的表面比浅色光滑的表面更善于吸收和辐射热量。
6. Topic 3: Waves, Light and Sound | 主题三：波动、光与声
This topic area includes the general properties of waves, the electromagnetic spectrum, light (reflection, refraction, lenses, and dispersion), and sound. Wave questions appear regularly in both theory and multiple-choice papers.
该板块包括波的一般性质、电磁波谱、光（反射、折射、透镜和色散）以及声音。波动类问题在理论卷和选择题卷中都会定期出现。
The key wave equation appears below, and you must be able to rearrange it to find any of the three variables:
波浪核心方程如下，你必须能够进行恒等变形以求出其中任意一个未知量：
v = f × λ
where v is wave speed in m/s, f is frequency in hertz (Hz), and λ (lambda) is wavelength in metres. You should also know the definitions of amplitude (maximum displacement from the rest position) and period (the time to complete one full oscillation).
其中 v 为波速（m/s），f 为频率（赫兹 Hz），λ（lambda）为波长（米）。你还须知道振幅（偏离平衡位置的最大位移）和周斯（完成一次全振动所需的时间）的定义。
For reflection and refraction, you must be able to draw ray diagrams accurately. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, both measured from the normal. When light travels from a denser to a less dense medium and the angle of incidence exceeds the critical angle, total internal reflection occurs—this is the principle behind optical fibres.
关于反射与折射，你必须能够准确绘制光路图。反射定律指出：入射角等于反射角，两者均以法线为基准测量。当光从光密介质射向光疏介质且入射角超过临界角时，会发生全内反射——这正是光纤通信的基本原理。
For sound, you should know that sound cannot travel through a vacuum because it requires a medium for particles to vibrate and transfer energy. The speed of sound in air is approximately 330 m/s. Experiments such as measuring the speed of sound by clapping between two reflecting walls or using a sound sensor and travelling microphone are common exam questions.
关于声音，你应知道声音不能在真空中传播，因为它需要介质中的粒子振动来传递能量。空气中声速约为 330 m/s。常见的考试题目包括：利用两堵反射墙之间拍掌测量声速，或使用声传感器和移动话筒进行测量等实验。
7. Topic 4: Electricity and Magnetism | 主题四：电与磁
Electricity and Magnetism is arguably the most physically intensive topic in the syllabus. It covers electric charge, circuits, current, voltage, resistance, electrical safety, magnetism, electromagnetism, electromagnetic induction, motors, and transformers.
“电与磁”可以说是整个课程大纲中物理内涵最丰富的板块。它涵盖电荷、电路、电流、电压、电阻、用电安全、磁学、电磁学、电磁感应、电动机和变压器等内容。
The fundamental circuit relationships and the electrical power equation you must master are:
你必须掌握的基本电路关系与电功率方程为：
Q = It V = IR P = IV E = VIt
In a series circuit, the current is the same everywhere and the voltages across each component sum to the supply voltage. In a parallel circuit, the voltage is the same across each branch and the currents in each branch sum to the total current. Total resistance for two resistors in parallel is given by:
在串联电路中，电流处处相等，每个元件两端的电压之和等于电源电压。在并联电路中，各支路两端的电压相等，各支路电流之和等于总电流。两个并联电阻的总电阻为：
1/R_total = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂
The Extended syllabus also requires an understanding of why current is conserved in a series circuit, using the idea that charge cannot be created or destroyed. You should also be able to explain the difference between the conventional current direction (from + to −) and the electron flow direction (from − to +).
扩展课程还要求你运用”电荷不能凭空产生或消灭”的观点，解释为什么串联电路中电流处处守恒。你还应能解释传统电流方向（由 + 流向 −）与自由电子实际流动方向（由 − 流向 +）的区别。
Electromagnetic induction is a topic many students find difficult. The key idea is that a changing magnetic field induces an electromotive force (e.m.f.) in a conductor. The size of the induced e.m.f. increases with the speed of the relative motion, the strength of the magnet, the number of turns on the coil, and the area of the coil. Transformers rely on this principle, stepping voltage up or down according to the ratio of turns:
电磁感应是许多学生觉得困难的专题。核心思想是：变化的磁场会在导体中感应出电动势（e.m.f.）。感应电动势的大小随相对运动速度、磁体强度、线圈匝数和线圈面积增大而增大。变压器正是利用这一原理，根据匝数比实现升压或降压：
Vₚ/Vₛ = Nₚ/Nₛ
Transformers only work with alternating current (a.c.) because the continuous change in current direction produces the continuously changing magnetic field required for induction. Always mention this fact when explaining transformer operation.
变压器只能使用交流电（a.c.）工作，因为电流方向持续变化才能产生连续变化的磁场，从而满足感应条件。在解释变压器工作原理时，务必提到这一点。
8. Topic 5: Atomic Physics | 主题五：原子物理
Atomic Physics is the final topic area, covering the structure of the atom, isotopes, radioactive decay, half-life, alpha/beta/gamma radiation properties, and the uses and dangers of radioactivity. Although this is the smallest topic, it often carries substantial marks, particularly in the Extended papers.
原子物理是最后一个知识板块，涵盖原子结构、同位素、放射性衰变、半衰期、α/β/γ 三种辐射的性质，以及放射性的应用与危害。虽然这是最小的板块，但它经常占据可观的分值，尤其在扩展试卷中。
The table below summarises the key properties of the three types of radiation:
下表总结了三种类型辐射的关键性质：
| Property | Alpha (α) | Beta (β) | Gamma (γ) |
| Nature | Helium nucleus (2p + 2n) | Fast-moving electron | Electromagnetic wave |
| Charge | +2 | −1 | 0 |
| Penetration power | Stopped by paper | Stopped by a few mm of aluminium | Reduced by several cm of lead |
For half-life calculations, the most reliable method on the Extended paper is to use the graphical approach: read the initial count rate, find the time at which it halves, and repeat to confirm consistency. For example, if a radioactive sample has a count rate of 800 counts/min and decays to 100 counts/min in 36 minutes, then 800 → 400 → 200 → 100 represents three half-lives in 36 minutes, giving a half-life of 12 minutes.
关于半衰期计算，在扩展试卷中最可靠的方法是图解式推理：读出初始计数率，找到它减半所对应的时间，再重复验证一致性。例如，某放射性样品计数率为 800 次/分钟，36 分钟后衰减至 100 次/分钟，则 800 → 400 → 200 → 100 对应三次半衰期，共 36 分钟，因此半衰期为 12 分钟。
9. Practical Skills: The Key to Full Marks | 实验技能：拿高分的关键
Practical skills are assessed in Papers 5 and 6, contributing 20% of the final grade. Unfortunately, many students underestimate this component until late in the course. Starting practical revision early gives you a significant advantage.
实验技能在试卷 5 和 6 中评估，占最终成绩的 20%。遗憾的是，许多学生在课程后期才意识到这部分的重要性。尽早开始实验复习将为你带来显著优势。
Four essential skill areas are tested:
考试重点考查四个基本技能维度：
-
Manipulation and measurement (IV): Reading instruments correctly, avoiding parallax error, and choosing the right equipment. The uncertainty in a ruler is ±0.5 mm, and in a measuring cylinder ±0.5 mL or half of the smallest division.
-
操作与测量（IV）：正确读取仪器刻度、避免视差误差并选择合适的器材。使用刻度尺的测量不确定度为 ±0.5 mm，使用量筒
Published by TutorHao | IGCSE Physics Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导Cancel reply