📚 GCSE Maths, Physics and Combined Science 2025-2027: Formula and Equation Sheets Explained | GCSE 数学、物理与综合科学 2025-2027：官方提供公式与方程式表全解读
If you are sitting GCSE Mathematics, GCSE Physics or GCSE Combined Science in 2025, 2026 or 2027, one piece of exam administration matters more than almost anything else: you will be given a formulae sheet or an equation sheet in the exam room. This guide explains exactly what Ofqual has confirmed, which papers are affected, what appears on the sheets, what you must still memorise, and how to turn this support into higher marks rather than false confidence.
如果你将在 2025、2026 或 2027 年参加 GCSE 数学、GCSE 物理或 GCSE 综合科学考试，有一条考试安排几乎比任何复习技巧都重要：考场内会为你提供公式表（formulae sheet）或方程式表（equation sheet）。本文详细说明 Ofqual 已确认的政策、受影响的试卷、表格上出现的内容、仍需背诵的内容，以及如何把这项支持转化为真实分数，而不是盲目自信。
1. The Headline: What Has Been Confirmed | 政策核心：已经确认了什么
The regulator for qualifications in England, Ofqual, has confirmed that students taking GCSE mathematics, GCSE physics (separate science) and GCSE combined science will be provided with formulae and equation sheets in the summer exam series of 2025, 2026 and 2027. The support is a continuation of the arrangement first introduced for the 2022 exams and repeated in 2023 and 2024.
英格兰考试监管机构 Ofqual 已确认：在 2025、2026、2027 年夏季考试系列中，参加 GCSE 数学、GCSE 物理（独立科学）和 GCSE 综合科学的学生，将在考试中获得公式表与方程式表。该安排延续了 2022 年首次推出、并在 2023 和 2024 年继续实施的做法。
In practice this means that in the exam room you will not be expected to recall, from memory, every equation in the specification. The sheet lists them for you. However, the sheet does not tell you which equation to use, how to rearrange it, which units to convert, or how to interpret the numbers you calculate.
实际含义是：在考场上，你不需要凭记忆写出考纲中的每一个方程式——表格已经列出。但表格不会告诉你该用哪一条、怎样变形、要做哪些单位换算，也不会替你解释算出来的数字意味着什么。
| Item | Detail |
| Exam series | Summer 2025, 2026 and 2027 |
| Subjects | GCSE Mathematics, GCSE Physics, GCSE Combined Science (physics papers) |
| Not affected | GCSE Biology, GCSE Chemistry (no equation sheet), A-level, IGCSE |
| Boards (England) | AQA, Edexcel (Pearson), OCR, Eduqas – each publishes its own version |
2. Why Formula Sheets Are Being Provided | 为什么提供公式表
The original rationale was disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2025 cohort were in Year 7 when schools first closed in March 2020; the 2026 cohort were in Year 6, and the 2027 cohort were in Year 5. Ofqual’s position is that these groups experienced measurable disruption to the teaching of content-heavy topics, especially in mathematics and physics.
最初的出发点是新冠疫情造成的教学中断。2025 届学生在 2020 年 3 月学校首次关闭时读七年级（Year 7），2026 届当时读六年级，2027 届读五年级。Ofqual 的立场是：这些学生群体在内容密集型主题（尤其是数学与物理）的学习上确实受到可测量的影响。
Providing a sheet is one of the least intrusive forms of support. It removes a pure memory burden without making questions easier: the demand of selecting, rearranging and applying an equation remains exactly the same, and grade boundaries are set against the same standards.
提供公式表属于干预程度最小的支持方式之一。它仅移除纯记忆负担，并不会让题目变简单：选择方程、变形公式、代入计算的能力要求完全不变，分数线也依然按同一标准设定。
A second, quieter reason is fairness of access. Access to printed revision cards, tutoring and memory aids varies enormously between students. A universal sheet levels part of that playing field inside the exam hall itself.
另一个较少被提及的原因是机会公平。能否获得打印的复习卡、课外辅导和记忆辅助工具，学生之间差异巨大。统一提供公式表，在考场内部抹平了其中一部分差距。
3. Which Papers Are Actually Affected | 究竟哪些试卷受影响
The provision is paper-specific, not subject-wide. In GCSE combined science, only the physics papers come with the equation sheet. The biology and chemistry papers of combined science do not have an equation sheet, and the same is true for separate GCSE Biology and GCSE Chemistry.
该政策是按试卷而非按学科生效的。在 GCSE 综合科学中，只有物理试卷附带方程式表；综合科学的生物卷和化学卷没有方程式表，独立的 GCSE 生物与 GCSE 化学同样没有。
In GCSE mathematics, all three papers (Paper 1 non-calculator, Paper 2 calculator, Paper 3 calculator) have the formulae sheet in both Foundation and Higher tier. Note that Paper 1 is non-calculator, so the sheet helps with structure but you must still do the arithmetic by hand.
在 GCSE 数学中，三份试卷（第 1 卷不可使用计算器、第 2 卷与第 3 卷可使用计算器）在基础层级（Foundation）和高级层级（Higher）均提供公式表。请注意第 1 卷不允许使用计算器，因此公式表只能帮你搭建结构，运算必须手算完成。
If you are taking an international qualification, the rules differ. Cambridge IGCSE and Edexcel International GCSE set their own arrangements, and A-level examinations do not use this provision at all. Always check the specification and the latest assessment materials on your board’s website.
如果你考的是国际类资格证书，规则不同：剑桥 IGCSE 与爱德思国际 GCSE 有各自的规定，而 A-level 考试完全不适用这项安排。请务必查阅你所在考试局的考纲与最新版评估材料。
4. What Is On the GCSE Mathematics Formulae Sheet | 数学公式表上有什么
The mathematics sheet is deliberately limited to formulae that are hard to derive under time pressure. A typical sheet across the main boards includes the area of a trapezium, the circumference and area of a circle, Pythagoras’ theorem, the three trigonometric ratios, the quadratic formula, the sine rule, the cosine rule, and the area of any triangle.
数学公式表的范围被刻意限制在“在限时压力下难以自行推导”的公式上。各主要考试局的通用内容通常包括：梯形面积、圆的周长与面积、勾股定理、三个三角比、求根公式（二次公式）、正弦定理、余弦定理，以及任意三角形的面积公式。
At Higher tier you will also normally find the volume and surface area of a sphere, a cone and a pyramid, plus the compound interest formula. Exact trigonometric values for 0°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° are generally not on the sheet and must be known.
在高级层级，通常还会包含球体、圆锥、棱锥的体积与表面积公式，以及复利公式。0°、30°、45°、60°、90° 的精确三角值一般不在表上，必须牢记。
Quadratic formula: x = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) ÷ 2a
Sine rule: a ÷ sin A = b ÷ sin B = c ÷ sin C
Cosine rule: a² = b² + c² − 2bc cos A
Area of a triangle: A = ½ab sin C
5. What Is On the Physics and Combined Science Equation Sheet | 物理与综合科学方程式表上有什么
The physics equation sheet lists the equations that students would otherwise have to recall. For AQA, Edexcel and OCR, the sheet is published in advance on the board’s website, so you can and should practise with the exact same sheet throughout your revision.
物理方程式表列出的是原本需要学生背诵的方程式。对 AQA、爱德思和 OCR 而言，表格会提前发布在考试局官网，因此你完全可以、而且应该在整个复习过程中使用与考场完全一致的那张表来练习。
Typical entries across boards include the speed equation, acceleration, Newton’s second law, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, work done, power, efficiency, charge, potential difference, resistance, the wave equation, density, pressure, moments, and the force-extension relationship.
各考试局的常见条目包括：速度公式、加速度、牛顿第二定律、动能、重力势能、做功、功率、效率、电荷、电压、电阻、波速公式、密度、压强、力矩，以及力与伸长量的关系式。
v = f λ | F = m a | E_k = ½ m v²
V = I R | P = V I | E = P t | Q = I t
Some equations are always supplied inside the question stem rather than on the sheet – for example, the pressure-depth relationship or the thermal energy equations used in specific contexts. Read the question carefully before assuming an equation is or is not available.
有些方程通常直接在题干中给出，而不是印在表上——例如压强与深度的关系式，或特定情境中使用的热能公式。在判断某条公式是否可用之前，请先仔细阅读题目。
6. What You Still Must Memorise | 你仍然必须记住的内容
This is the single most misunderstood point. The sheets list equations; they do not list definitions, units, prefixes, constants, circuit symbols, physics principles or the meaning of quantities. A candidate who knows the sheet but not the physics will still score poorly.
这是最容易被误解的一点：表格列出的是方程式，而不是定义、单位、词头、常数、电路符号、物理原理或各个量的含义。只熟悉表格却不理解物理的学生，成绩依然不会理想。
- SI units and derived units (N, J, W, Pa, Ω, V, A, C, Hz) | 国际单位与导出单位
- Prefix conversions: k = ×10³, M = ×10⁶, c = ×10⁻², m = ×10⁻³ | 词头换算
- Standard form and significant figures conventions | 标准形式与有效数字规则
- In maths: circle theorems, index laws, surds rules, exact trig values | 数学：圆定理、指数律、根式规则、精确三角值
- Practical skills, required practical methods and data analysis | 实验技能、必做实验与数据处理
7. How Exam Technique Changes | 应试技巧如何改变
Because the equation is free, marks now concentrate in three places: choosing the right equation, rearranging it correctly, and substituting with consistent units. Examiners report that most lost marks in calculation questions are not from arithmetic but from selecting the wrong relationship or mixing units.
既然公式已经免费提供，分数就集中在三个环节：选对方程式、正确变形、用一致的单位代入。考官反馈显示，计算题失分大多并非算错，而是选错关系式或单位混用。
Follow a fixed four-step routine for every calculation: write the equation as printed, rearrange it algebraically before substituting any numbers, convert all values into SI units, then substitute and round only at the very end. Writing the equation first also earns method marks even if the final answer is wrong.
请对每一道计算题执行固定的四步流程：先抄写表上的方程式；在代入任何数字之前先完成代数变形；把所有数值换算为国际单位；最后代入计算，并且只在最后一步取近似。先写出方程式本身也能拿到方法分，即使最终答案错误。
8. Worked Example 1: Using the Maths Formulae Sheet | 例题一：使用数学公式表
A triangle has sides of 7 cm and 9 cm with an included angle of 62°. Find the length of the third side, correct to 3 significant figures. Two sides and the included angle means the cosine rule, which is printed on the sheet.
一个三角形的两条边分别为 7 cm 和 9 cm，夹角为 62°。求第三条边的长度，保留 3 位有效数字。已知两边及其夹角，应使用余弦定理，而它正印在公式表上。
a² = 7² + 9² − 2 × 7 × 9 × cos 62°
a² = 49 + 81 − 126 × 0.4695 = 130 − 59.16 = 70.84
a = √70.84 = 8.42 cm (3 s.f.)
Now a quadratic: solve 2x² − 5x − 3 = 0. Substituting a = 2, b = −5 and c = −3 into the printed formula gives x = (5 ± √(25 + 24)) ÷ 4 = (5 ± 7) ÷ 4, so x = 3 or x = −0.5.
再看一个二次方程：解 2x² − 5x − 3 = 0。把 a = 2、b = −5、c = −3 代入表上公式，得到 x = (5 ± √(25 + 24)) ÷
Published by TutorHao | Exam Prep Revision Series | aleveler.com
更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）
屏轩国际教育cambridge primary/secondary checkpoint, cat4, ukiset,ukcat,igcse,alevel,PAT,STEP,MAT, ibdp,ap,ssat,sat,sat2课程辅导，国外大学本科硕士研究生博士课程论文辅导