GCSE Economics: Worked Examples Explained | GCSE 经济：典型例题详解

📚 GCSE Economics: Worked Examples Explained | GCSE 经济：典型例题详解

Mastering GCSE Economics requires not just memorising key concepts but also applying them to exam-style questions. This article provides a detailed walkthrough of typical worked examples across the syllabus. Each example is carefully selected to cover core topics such as demand and supply analysis, elasticity calculations, market failure, government intervention, and macroeconomic indicators. By working through these problems, you will develop the analytical skills needed to tackle both multiple-choice and structured essay questions with confidence.

掌握GCSE经济学不仅需要记忆关键概念，还需要将其应用于考试题型中。本文精选历年典型例题进行详解，覆盖需求与供给分析、弹性计算、市场失灵、政府干预、宏观经济指标等核心主题。通过逐一剖析解题步骤，你将建立起应对选择题和结构化论述题所需的自信与分析能力。

1. Demand and Supply Shifts | 需求与供给变动

The market for coffee is in equilibrium at a price of £3 per cup and quantity of 100 cups per day. Due to a rise in consumer income (coffee is a normal good) and a poor coffee harvest, both demand and supply curves shift. Explain how these changes affect the equilibrium price and quantity.

咖啡市场每杯3英镑、每天100杯时达到均衡。由于消费者收入增加（咖啡为正常品）和咖啡歉收同时发生，需求曲线与供给曲线均移动。解释这些变化如何影响均衡价格和数量。

An increase in income shifts the demand curve to the right, from D to D₁. A poor harvest reduces supply, shifting the supply curve leftward, from S to S₁. The new equilibrium will definitely have a higher price, as both shifts push price upward. The effect on equilibrium quantity is uncertain: the demand increase tends to raise quantity, while the supply decrease lowers it. If the demand shift is larger, quantity may rise; if the supply shift dominates, quantity may fall. In the exam, you should draw a diagram illustrating these shifts and label the indeterminate quantity outcome.

收入增加使需求曲线从D向右移至D₁；歉收减少供给，使供给曲线从S向左移至S₁。新的均衡价格必然上升，因为两个变化都推高价格。对均衡数量的影响不确定：需求增加倾向于提高数量，而供给减少降低数量。若需求移动幅度更大，数量可能增加；若供给变动占主导，数量可能减少。考试中应画出供求图并标注不确定的数量变化。

2. Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) Calculation | 需求价格弹性计算

A cinema reduces its ticket price from £10 to £8. As a result, the quantity of tickets sold per week rises from 500 to 650. Calculate the PED and state whether demand is elastic or inelastic.

一家电影院将票价从10英镑降至8英镑，每周售出的票数由500张增至650张。计算需求价格弹性并判断需求是富有弹性还是缺乏弹性。

First, find the percentage changes:

首先，计算百分比变化：

%ΔQd = (Q₂ − Q₁) / Q₁ × 100 = (650 − 500) / 500 × 100 = +30%

%ΔP = (P₂ − P₁) / P₁ × 100 = (8 − 10) / 10 × 100 = −20%

Then apply the PED formula:

然后套用PED公式：

PED = %ΔQd ÷ %ΔP = +30% ÷ −20% = −1.5

Ignore the minus sign and take the absolute value: |PED| = 1.5. Since

Published by TutorHao | GCSE Economics Revision Series | aleveler.com

更多咨询请联系16621398022（同微信）